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Describing language and
language skills
Nicole Campusano
Hi!
Hello!TKT-Module 1
—Federico Fellini
A different language is a different
vision of life.
What is grammar?
● It refers to the way in which we combine or organize a group of words to create
meaning.
● We use grammar unconsciously when we speak, listen, read and write.
● Grammar includes many forms and uses.
Grammatical forms
It refers to how words are made up in a speech or writing way.
For example:
• Form of the plural of regular nouns base word + s
• Form of the gerund base word + ing
• Prefixes Underwater
• Suffixes Playful
Grammatical forms are found in:
• Parts of speech
• Grammatical structure
• Words with suffixes and Preffixes
How many parts of
speech are there?
Parts of speech
Nouns
Prepositions
Determiners
Adjectives
Adverbs
Pronouns
Conjuctions Excalamations
Verbs
There are 9 parts of speech:
What are parts of speech?
It describes how words behave in a sentence.
The tall boy ran very fast
Tall ran very fast
Adjective Verb
For example:
Noun Verb
• Parts of speech varies according to the function
Part of speech Examples Function Subcategories
Noun Book
Milk
to name people,
things and
activities
Contable,
Uncontable,
Proper
Adjective Easygoing
Friendly
To describe a
noun
Comparative,
Superlative
Example:
What is grammatical
structure?
It is the arrangement of words into
patterns which have meaning.
I was playing the guitar
Past Progressive
What are grammatical
uses?
Structure Uses Example
Present Progressive • To talk about what is
happening now
• To talk about
something will
happen in the future
- I’m studying TKT.
What are you doing
tomorrow?
-I’m buying a new
camera.
Present Simple • To talk about facts
• To talk habitual
actions
- I live in Ecuador
- I read newspapers
and books.
Hello!
For example:
It refers to how grammatical
structures are used to
communicate meaning.
Grammatical
Uses
Grammar and the language teaching classroom -Tips
Language change over
time.
Accuracy in form and
use.
Focus on language
skills.
Focus on form,
structure and use.
LEXIS
It refers to individual words or set
of words.
Example: Tree, get up
What is lexis?
What kinds of meaning can words have?
Denotation
Denotative meaning
Hello!
Figurative meaning
Tree.- a tree is a large plant with a
wooden trunk.
EXAMPLE
“a family tree”
EXAMPLE
Lexical Features
Lexical Features
Preffixes
For example:
Unsafe (opposite
meaning)
Suffixes
For example:
Easy-Easier
(comparative
meaning)
Collocations
For example:
arrive at, depend
on
Compounds nouns
For example:
book+shop=
bookshop
Idioms
For example:
“To have green
fingers”CHUNKS
The meaning can also comes from:
Antonyms
Words with
opposite
meaning.
Lexical set
Words that belong to the
same topic area.
For example: family,
food, furniture
Synoyms
Words with the
same meaning.
Lexical Features
Words have different relationships with one another:
False friends
For example:
Embarazado- Spanish
Embarrased- English
Homophones
For example:
there-their
Homonyms
For example:
• They sat on the river
bank.
• He put all his savings
into the bank.
*the land alongside a river.
*a place where people keep money.
• Other ways in which words can relate to one another
Vocabulary
extensions
activities
To use the
relationships
in meaning
between
words
Vocabulary
records
Lexis and language teaching classroom -Tips
CREDITS: This presentation template was created by
Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, and infographics &
images by Freepik.
Thanks
Do you have any questions?
Please keep this slide for attribution.

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Grammar and lexis

  • 1. Describing language and language skills Nicole Campusano Hi! Hello!TKT-Module 1
  • 2. —Federico Fellini A different language is a different vision of life.
  • 3. What is grammar? ● It refers to the way in which we combine or organize a group of words to create meaning. ● We use grammar unconsciously when we speak, listen, read and write. ● Grammar includes many forms and uses.
  • 4. Grammatical forms It refers to how words are made up in a speech or writing way. For example: • Form of the plural of regular nouns base word + s • Form of the gerund base word + ing • Prefixes Underwater • Suffixes Playful
  • 5. Grammatical forms are found in: • Parts of speech • Grammatical structure • Words with suffixes and Preffixes
  • 6. How many parts of speech are there?
  • 8. What are parts of speech? It describes how words behave in a sentence. The tall boy ran very fast Tall ran very fast Adjective Verb For example: Noun Verb
  • 9. • Parts of speech varies according to the function Part of speech Examples Function Subcategories Noun Book Milk to name people, things and activities Contable, Uncontable, Proper Adjective Easygoing Friendly To describe a noun Comparative, Superlative Example:
  • 10. What is grammatical structure? It is the arrangement of words into patterns which have meaning. I was playing the guitar Past Progressive
  • 12. Structure Uses Example Present Progressive • To talk about what is happening now • To talk about something will happen in the future - I’m studying TKT. What are you doing tomorrow? -I’m buying a new camera. Present Simple • To talk about facts • To talk habitual actions - I live in Ecuador - I read newspapers and books. Hello! For example: It refers to how grammatical structures are used to communicate meaning. Grammatical Uses
  • 13. Grammar and the language teaching classroom -Tips Language change over time. Accuracy in form and use. Focus on language skills. Focus on form, structure and use.
  • 14. LEXIS It refers to individual words or set of words. Example: Tree, get up What is lexis?
  • 15. What kinds of meaning can words have? Denotation Denotative meaning Hello! Figurative meaning Tree.- a tree is a large plant with a wooden trunk. EXAMPLE “a family tree” EXAMPLE Lexical Features
  • 16. Lexical Features Preffixes For example: Unsafe (opposite meaning) Suffixes For example: Easy-Easier (comparative meaning) Collocations For example: arrive at, depend on Compounds nouns For example: book+shop= bookshop Idioms For example: “To have green fingers”CHUNKS The meaning can also comes from:
  • 17. Antonyms Words with opposite meaning. Lexical set Words that belong to the same topic area. For example: family, food, furniture Synoyms Words with the same meaning. Lexical Features Words have different relationships with one another:
  • 18. False friends For example: Embarazado- Spanish Embarrased- English
  • 19. Homophones For example: there-their Homonyms For example: • They sat on the river bank. • He put all his savings into the bank. *the land alongside a river. *a place where people keep money. • Other ways in which words can relate to one another
  • 20. Vocabulary extensions activities To use the relationships in meaning between words Vocabulary records Lexis and language teaching classroom -Tips
  • 21. CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik. Thanks Do you have any questions? Please keep this slide for attribution.