This document discusses grammar and strategies for studying grammar. It defines grammar as a set of rules that transforms words into understandable phrases. It recommends forming hypotheses about grammar rules and checking hypotheses. The document lists reasons for studying grammar such as improving skills in a foreign language, gaining prestige through proficiency, and more accurate communication. It describes common grammar exercises like transformations, gap-filling, and error correction. It notes differences between oral and written grammar.

1. GRAMMAR
strategies
Marta gort paniello

2. WHAT IS GRAMMAR?
• A set of rules which transforms a chaotic
list of words into an understandable
phrase.
• Look for patterns, don’t expect all the
languages to work as the same.
• Form hypothesis, make up possible
explanations of why things operate as
they do.
• Check your hypothesis and accept that
some times you will get wrong.

3. REASONS FOR STUDYING
GRAMMAR
• When you learn a foreign language, it makes the proccess
faster. (However, it’s not essential.)
• Prestige: proficiency in a language is based on grammar.
• Meaning can be more accurated (past simple, present perfect)
• It is helpful for comunicating

4. • Work out the grammatical structure or fixed expressions
• Think of phrases that include the cue word provided
• Common: reported speech, conditionals, passive, linking, verb patterns,
prepositions, modal verbs
• Check that you have not made mistakes and your number of words is
acceptable.
• Take in account all the information from the original sentence.
Exercise: transformation

5. Exercise: Gap- filling
(with and without multiple choice) I
• In each gap you cannot write more than one word.
• This exercise also tests your reading skills.
• It's important to take in consideration the register of the text
• You should read the whole text before starting to fill the gaps.

6. Exercise: Gap- filling
(with and without multiple choice) II
• The gaps usually test:
• The words immediately before or after the gap help to decide
what part of the speech to use (noun, auxiliary verb, adj.)
• Pay attention to punctuation (some words have to be followed
by a comma, or never preceded by a comma.
Grammar Verb forms, prepositions,
articles
vocabulary Fixed phrases, collocation
Reading skills Recognising the logic,
paragraphs, linking words

7. Exercise: ERROR CORRECTION
• Read the whole text first.
• Search unnecessary words and cross them out. They can be:
determiners, prepositions, relative pronouns, auxiliaries,
pronouns, lining words.
• Expect at least 3 of the lines to be correct, but not more than 6.

8. ORAL – WRITTEN GRAMMAR
• They are not the same
• Written grammar is more formal, while oral grammar is more
informal.
• Speaking implies more fluency