2. Grammar
English grammar is the key to understanding and
mastering English. English grammar is different
from Russian grammar. Some things are easier; for
example, English verb conjugation is much simpler.
Other things are more difficult; for example, the
system of English tenses is rather complicated.
3. Grammar
English words have few endings that could help us to
understand how words connect into sentences. At the same
time, English words have many meanings. Together, these
two problems present the most difficulty for language
learners, in many cases making it difficult to understand
the meanings and functions of words in sentences.
4. Grammar
Grammar helps us to understand how English works.
Grammar brings order, logic, and clarity into the
process of studying English. It specifies how
sentences are built to make sense, identifies the
meanings of individual words in a sentence and
explains relationships between them, and gives you a
set of rules for speaking and writing.
5. Grammar
English grammar is quite rigid and strict. It has to be -
word meanings often depend on the grammatical
constructions in which they are used. Imagine a cube in
which grammar is the sides and the ribs, and words and
phrases are the contents inside. You can’t bend or change
the sides or the ribs - you’ll smash the contents!
Grammar is the form, and words and phrases are the
content of the language. And phonetics, that is, your
pronunciation, is the way to deliver your cube of
knowledge to the listener.
6. Grammar-Test
1. What parts of speech perform functions in the
sentence?
a. notional;
b. structural;
c. nominal;
d. syntactical;
6. Class nouns are used with (when the speaker
presents the object expressed by the class noun) ׃
a. both definite & indefinite;
b. the definite article;
c. the indefinite article;
d. without article;
2. Choose the right part of speech which expressed the
object?
a. noun;
b. adverb;
c. the verb;
d. the particle;
7.When abstract nouns are used in a general
sense…….is used׃
a. no article
b. the indefinite
c. the definite
d. both article
3. The parts of speech are divided into׃
a. 2 parts;
b. 4 parts;
c. 3 parts;
d.5 parts;
8. … nouns are nouns which have neither prefixes nor
affixes.
a. simple;
b. abstract;
c. derivative;
d. compound;
4. How many notional parts of speech do you know?
a. 7;
b.6;
c.4;
d. 10;
9. blackness is the … noun.
a. derivative;
b. simple;
c. compound;
d. composite;
5. Semantically all nouns fall into׃
a. common & proper;
b. countable & uncountable;
c. abstract & material;
d. animate & inanimate;
10. mockingbird is the … noun.
a. compound;
b. composite;
c. simple;
d. proper;
7. Grammar-Test
1. What part of speech denotes an action?
a. the verb
b. the adjective;
c. the noun
d. the pronoun;
6. The basic forms of the verbs are:
a. the infinitive, the past indefinite & participle II;
b. the gerund, the infinitive & the participle;
c. transitive & intransitive;
d. finite & non -finite;
2. The verb has the grammatical categories:
a. tense & aspect;
b. number & case;
c. singular & plural;
d. person & case;
7. According to the way in which the past Indefinite &
Participle II are formed, verbs are divided into:
a. three groups;
b. two groups;
c. four groups;
d. five groups;
3. According to their structure verbs which having
affixes are called׃
a. derived;
b. simple;
c. compound;
d. composite;
8. The verbs which form Past Indefinite & Participle
II by adding – ed to the stem are called:
a. regular verbs;
b. mixed verbs;
c. irregular verbs;
d. transitive verbs;
4. According to their structure verbs which
consisting of two stems are called׃
a. compound;
b. simple;
c. derived;
d. composite;
9. The verbs which change their root vowel are called:
a. irregular verbs;
b. mixed verbs;
c. regular verbs;
d. transitive verbs;
5. According to their structure verbs which
consisting of a verb & postposition of adverbial
origin are called:
a. composite;
b. simple;
c. compound;
d. derived;
10. The verbs whose Past Indefinite is of the regular
type & their Participle II is of the irregular type are
called:
a. mixed verbs;
b. regular verbs;
c. irregular verbs;
d. transitive verbs;
