This document provides an overview of pre-historic and ancient art from various periods, including paintings found in caves from the Pre-historic Era, works from Ancient Egypt, Classical Greece and Rome, and the Medieval Byzantine, Romanesque, and Gothic eras. Key information presented includes the locations and subjects of important cave paintings from the Pre-historic Era, the symbolic and religious purposes of Egyptian paintings, and the dominant materials and techniques used in Greek, Roman, and Medieval art periods. Major works and sites discussed include the Cave of Lascaux, paintings from the tomb of Tutankhamun, the Parthenon frieze, the Villa of Mysteries fresco, and Gothic stained glass windows.

1. Prepared by: Daniel M. Alcazarin
Science Teacher I
Talangan Integrated National High School
sirDA

2. PRE-HISTORIC ERA
 Includes all human existence before the
emergence of writing. Their work of art is of
interest not only to the art historians but also to
archeologists and anthropologists, for whom the
art is the only one clue-along with fossils,
pollens and other archeological discoveries that
lead to an understanding of early human life and
culture.

3. THREE PERIODS OF
PRE-HISTORIC ART
1. Paleolithic Era (Old Stone)
2. Mesolithic Era (Middle Stone Age)
3. Neolithic Era (New Stone Age)

10. PAINTINGS FROM THE PRE-HISTORIC ERA
Paintings during the pre-historic era were
found inside caves which may have been the pre-
historic people’s way of communicating with
each other. It may also be for religious or
ceremonial.
These symbols for these people paintings
may be considered more an artifact of
archeological evidence than a true picture of
human’s first created art.
Pre-historic drawings of animals were
usually correct in proportion.

11. CAVE OF LASCAUX
5,000-10,000 BC-Stone Age 1
Paleolithic Paintings
Southwestern France

12.  The dominant features in the painting were large animals
native in the region. It was discovered on 12th of September 1940,
and was given a statutory historic monument protection. It was
discovered by 18-year-old Marcel Ravidat. Ravidat returned to
the scene with three friends, Jacques Marsal, Georges Agnel, and
Simon Coencas, and entered the cave via a long shaft. The
teenagers discovered that the cave walls were covered with
depictions of animals.

13. Six Sections identified in the cave:
1. The Great Hall of the Bulls
2. The Lateral Passage
3. The Shaft of the Dead Man
4. The Chamber of Engraving
5. The Painted Gallery
6. The Chamber of Felines

14. 1. THE GREAT HALL OF THE
BULLS

15. 2. THE LATERAL PASSAGE

16. 3. THE SHAFT OF THE DEAD
MAN

17. 4. THE CHAMBER OF
ENGRAVINGS

18. 5. THE PAINTED GALLERY

19. 6. THE CHAMBER OF FELINES

20. The cave complex was opened to the public in 1948. By
1955, the carbon dioxide, heat, humidity, and other
contaminants produced by 1,200 visitors per day had visibly
damaged the paintings and introduced lichen on the walls.
The cave was closed to the public in 1963 to preserve the
art. after the cave was closed, the paintings were restored to
their original state and were monitored daily.

21. PRE-HISTORIC ERA ART

22. PRE-HISTORIC ERA ART

23. QUIZ #1
1. An era including all human existence before the emergence of
writing. __________________
2. Who discovered the cave of Lascaux in 1940? ___________
3. Where is the Cave of Lascaux located? _______________
4. It is the Middle Stone age. __________________
5. It is the New Stone age. __________________
6-7. For them art is the only one clue -along with fossils,
pollens and other archeological discoveries that lead
to an understanding of early human life and culture.
8-10. Name three different sections inside the Cave of Lascaux.

24. ANSWERS
1. Pre-historic Era
2. Marcel Ravidat
3. Southwestern France
4. Mesolithic Era
5. Neolithic Era
6-7. a. Art Historians b. Archeologists c. Anthropologist
8-10. Paintings that named inside the Cave of Lascaux.
- The Great Hall of the Bulls - The Chamber of Engravings
- The Lateral Passage - The Painted Gallery
- The Shaft of the Dead Man - Chamber of Felines

25. Paintings
FROM
ANCIENT EGYPT

26. PAINTINGS FROM ANCIENT
EGYPT
The purpose of Egyptian Paintings is to make the
deceased person’s afterlife place pleasant. With this in
mind, themes include journey to the underworld or the
presentation of the deceased to the gods of the
underworld by their protective deities.

27. It emphasizes the importance of life after death and the
preservation of the knowledge of the past.
Most paintings were highly stylized and symbolic, and
show profile view of animals or people. the dominant colors
used were red, black, blue, gold and green derived from
mineral pigments that can with stand strong sunlight without
fading.

29. The paintings on the walls on the tomb show events of the
life of the king while he was still on earth and the scenes he
expects to encounter in the underworld after his death.
Paintings from
Sarcophagus of
Tutankhamen XVIII
dynasty.
1362 A.D. – 1253 B.C.

30. OTHER PAINTINGS FROM ANCIENT EGYPT

37. WHAT CAN YOU SAY ABOUT THE
PAINTINGS OF EGYPT?

38. Paintings
FROM
CLASSICAL GREEK ERA

39. PAINTING FROM CLASSICAL GREEK ERA
Painting from the Classical Greek Era were
most commonly found in vases, panels and tomb. It
depicts natural figures with dynamic compositions.
Most of the subjects were battle scenes,
mythological figures and everyday scenes. It reveals
a grasp of linear perspective and
naturalist representation.

40. MOST COMMON METHODS OF GREEK
PAINTING
1. FRESCO- method of painting water-
based pigments usually on a wall
surfaces.
2. ENCAUSTIC- developed to be used by
Greek ship builders, who used the hot
wax to fill the cracks of the ship. Soon
pigments (colors) was added and used
to paint a wax hull.

41. Judgment of
Paris
(370-330 B.C.)

42. A. VASE PAINTING
Kerch Style - also referred to as
Kerch Vases; are red-figured
pottery named after where it was
found.
Shapes commonly found are:
1. Pelike – wine container

43. 2. Lekanis- a low bowl with two horizontal handles and
a low broad foot

44. 3. Lebes gamikos- with high handles and lid use to
carry bridal bath

45. 4. Krater –bowl used for mixing wine and water

46. B. PANEL PAINTING
They are paintings on flat panels of wood.
It can either be a small, single-pieced or several
panels joined together. Most of the panel paintings
no longer exist because of their organic composition.

47. Pitsa panel (540 – 530 B.C.E)
- the earliest known panel painting

48. C. TOMB/ WALL
PAINTING
It was popular during the classical period.
It uses the method frescos in either TEMPERA
(water-based) or ENCAUSTIC (wax). It has a sharp,
flatly outlined style of painting and because it uses
water-based materials, very few samples survived.

49. TOMB OF THE DIVER (PAESTRUM 480B.C.E)

50. 1. The purpose of this painting is to make the deceased afterlife
place pleasant. __________________
2. A method of Greek painting water based pigments on a freshly
applied plaster usually on a wall surface___________
3. A method of Greek painting that is developed to use by Greek
ship builders, who used the hot wax to fill the cracks of the
ship._______________
4-7. Shapes that are commonly found in Greek Kerch Style Vase
painting.
8.One of the most famous vase painting in the classical Greek
period.
9. It is the earliest known panel painting.
10. The most famous tomb painting in the classical period.

51. ANSWER
1. EGYPTIAN OR EGYPTIAN PAINTING
2. FRESCO
3. ENCAUSTIC
4. PELIKE
5. LEKANIS
6. LEBES GAMIKOS
7. KRATER
8. JUDGMENT OF PARIS
9. PITSA PANEL
10. TOMB OF THE DIVER

52. Paintings
FROM
THE ROMAN ERA

53. Most of the painting from this era were
copied or imitated from Hellenic Greek paintings.
Fresco technique was used in brightly colored
backgrounds; division of the wall into a multiple
rectangular areas (tic-tac-toe design); multi-point
perspective; and a tropme-l’-oeil effect.

54. Tropme-l’-oeil effect
- is an art technique that uses
realistic imagery to create the
optical illusion that the depicted
objects exist in three dimensions.

55. Roman paintings have a wide variety of
subjects: animals, everyday life, still life,
mythological subjects, portraits and landscapes.
The development of landscape painting is the
main innovation of Roman painting from Greek
painting.

56. MOSAIC- it is a process where an image is created using
an assemblage of small pieces of colored glass, stones, or other
materials. This technique use for decorative art or interior
decorations.
HEAD OF ALEXANDER
The full image is a
Roman floor mosaic in the
House of Fun Pompei, dated
100 BC.The whole mosaic
depicts the battle between
the armies of Alexander the
Great and Darius III of Persia

58. FRESCO FROM
THE VILLA OF
MYSTERIES
(Pompeii 80 BC)
This fresco painting
was believed to depict
ceremonial rites, either
marriage or an
initiation of a woman in
a mystery cult.

59. BOSCOTRECASE, POMPEII

60. BYZANTINE
Paintings

61. BYZANTINE PAINTING
The lively styles of paintings which had
been invented in Greek and Rome lived on
Byzantium but this time for Christians.
By the 11th century, the Greek and Oriental
styles seem to blend together in magnificent,
imposing images, which adorned the churches in
large and small forms.

62. Theodora - was an
asian queen with dark
eyes and hair with
fierce expression.

63. THE COURT OF EMPRESS TEODORA,
MOSAIC

64. ROMANESQUE
Paintings

65. These are largely placed mosaics on the walls of the
churches that follows a strict frontal pose.
It has remarkable variety of artistic traditions such as
modeling and treatment of faces and draperies that follow
Byzantine convention while the refreshingly decorative
feelings comes from Southern French Styles. It also
shows traces of MOZARABIC influence (Arabize influence)
through elongated oval faces, large staring eyes and long
noses, figures against flat colored bands and heavy
outlining.

66. CHRIST IN MAJESTY
Painting from the Church of St. Clemente, Tahull, Lerida Spain c. 1123

67. Mandorla

68. Paintings
FROM
THE GOTHIC ERA

69. Paintings have been confined in the illumination
of manuscript pages and the painting of frescoes on
the walls of churches in cosmopolitan style, elegant
mannered and sophisticated.

70. THE LADY AND THE UNICORN
TAPESTRY
1506-1513

71. Subjects usually
depicts popular legends
and love stories,
patterns like “ mille
fleur” or thousand
flowers show influence
which may have been
due to the crusades.
 THE LADY AND THE UNICORN TAPESTRY

72. ROSE WINDOW
ABOUT 1230
Stained Glass
windows were created to
transform the vast stone
interiors with warm and
glowing color and at the
same time to instruct
Christians in their faith.

73. ROSE WINDOWS SAMPLES

74. THE SHEPHERD DAVID
13th Century
The paintings show
some realistic details and
shows naïve naturalism.

75. THE SHEPHERD DAVID
13TH CENTURY GOTHIC MANUSCRIPT ILLUSTRATION

76. INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY
To know how much you have learned from the discussion about the
paintings of the Early Age, fill in the box with the characteristics and functions
that would best describe the painting in every era/period.
PERIOD/ERA CHARACTERISTICS FUNCTIONS
ANCIENT PAINTINGS
PRE-HISTORIC
EGYPTIANS
CLASSICAL PAINTINGS
Greek
Roman
MEDIEVAL PAINTINGS
Byzantine
Romanesque
Gothic

77. LET’S REVIEW

78. CAVE OF LASCAUX

79. Sarcophagus of Tutankhamen XVIII

80. Judgment of Paris

81. Pitsa Panel

82. Theodora

83. Head of Alexander

84. Fresco from the Villa of Mysteries

85. Christ in Majesty

86. The Lady and the Unicorn Tapestry

87. Rose Window

88. The Shepherd David

89. Tomb of the Diver

90. The Great Hall of the Bulls

91. The Court of Empress Theodora

92. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
REGION IV – A CALABARZON
DIVISION OF LAGUNA
DISTRICT OF NAGCARLAN-RIZAL
TALANGAN INTEGRATED
NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Talangan, Nagcarlan, Laguna
Daniel M. Alcazarin
MAPEH/ Science Teacher I
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