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The contribution of agricultural research to managing zoonoses and foodborne ...ILRI
Poster prepared by D. Grace and J. McDermott for the 13th conference of the International Society for Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Maastricht, the Netherlands, 20-24 August 2012.
International Agriculture research and Multi-stakehodler Partnerships in the ...Food_Systems_Innovation
At the Australasian Aid Conference, on the 11 February 2016 Dr Andy Hall presented findings from a recent study on International Agriculture Research and Multi-stakeholder partnerships in the era of the SDGs.
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Poster prepared by D. Grace and J. McDermott for the 13th conference of the International Society for Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Maastricht, the Netherlands, 20-24 August 2012.
International Agriculture research and Multi-stakehodler Partnerships in the ...Food_Systems_Innovation
At the Australasian Aid Conference, on the 11 February 2016 Dr Andy Hall presented findings from a recent study on International Agriculture Research and Multi-stakeholder partnerships in the era of the SDGs.
This document discusses different types of problem soils in India, including saline soils, sodic soils, and acid soils. Saline soils contain excess salts and affect plant growth through osmotic effects. Sodic soils have a high pH and sodium content which disperses clay and reduces permeability. Acid soils are characterized by low pH and aluminum toxicity. The document outlines methods for reclaiming each soil type, including leaching salts from saline soils, applying gypsum to sodic soils to replace sodium with calcium, and liming acid soils to raise pH. Crop selection, irrigation management, and soil amendments are also important strategies for reclaiming problem soils.
Presented by Delia Grace to the Progress Meeting on Ecosystem Approaches to the Better Management of Zoonotic Emerging Infectious Diseases in the South East Asian Region, Bangkok, 10-13 December 2011.
The CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish and its synergies with the C...ILRI
Presentation by Delia Grace and Tom Randolph at the the third annual conference on Agricultural Research for Development: Innovations and incentives, Uppsala, Sweden, 26-27 September 2012.
This document discusses the economic benefits of a One Health approach to managing infectious diseases. It argues that a One Health approach can add value in three key areas: where resources are scarce; where resources are underutilized; and by taking a holistic view of food systems. A One Health approach that considers the entire food system context could improve understanding of health problems and allow for more proportional and timely responses. However, the benefits of One Health may not always outweigh the costs of institutional changes needed. Understanding the full impacts of issues like environmental effects, animal diseases, foodborne illness and nutrition within food systems could provide the tipping point for more widespread adoption of One Health.
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International agricultural research and agricultural associated diseases
1. International Agricultural Research
& Agricultural Associated Diseases
Delia Grace (ILRI) & John McDermott (IFPRI)
GRF (Global Risk Forum) One Health Summit 2012—One Health–One Planet–One Future:
Risks and Opportunities, Davos, Switzerland, 19-22 February 2012 1
3. Figure 1. CRP4 Conceptual Framework
Health
Enhancing
Nutrition along Prevention ,
Control of Ag-
the Value Integrated Associated Diseases
Chain Programs and Component 3
Component 1
Policies
Biofortification
Component 2
Nutrition Component 4
Agriculture
Social Behavior Change and
Communications
All components
Availability,
access, Knowledge
Labor Income and
intake Risk of AAD of nutrition,
productivity gender
of nutritious, food safety
equity
safe foods
RESULT: A better nourished, healthier population, especially mothers and children < 2
4. The Livestock Revolution:
A strong increase in demand for meat and milk as
income grows
5
consumption of meat
4
China
Log per capita
Trend
3
2
1
India
04 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Log per capita GNP
4
Livestock to 2020: The Next Food Revolution, a joint IFPRI, FAO, ILRI study.
5. The Livestock Revolution: Growth
in meat mainly in industrial systems
20%
15%
industrial systems
10%
5% mixed systems
0% grazing systems
-5%
Asia SSA WANA CSA
Growth Rates (%/Y) of Meat Production in Different
Production Systems in Developing Countries
Livestock to 2020: The Next Food Revolution, a joint IFPRI, FAO, ILRI study.
6. Prioritisation
RICH COUNTRIES
40% disease is infectious
4% disease is infectious
one twentieth total ex animals
one two hundredth total ex animals
one fortieth total burden is zoonotic
one thousandth total burden zoonotic ..one twentieth with under-reporting
6
9. Integrative approaches
EcoHealth
ONE HEALTH
Incentives
Values
Human Animal
Human health
V P H. Preferences
health Health
.livestock Culture
One Medicine .CA Ignorance
.wildlife
Governance
Rule-breaking
Agroecosystem health
Societies, cultures,
Economies, institutions,
Policies
9
10. Risks of One Health
Creating new structures easier than de-commissioning
old: leading to overlapping mandates and inefficiency
Projectisation – projects have been a successful structure
for promoting OH but may lack sustainability
Getting ahead of the evidence-base: little information on
CB/CE of OH versus conventional (and perhaps evidence
comes from atypical cases)
Ignoring the costs and barriers – OH requires
considerable change & investment in change
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11. Added value of One Health
Increasing participation and relevance by greater
inclusiveness
Improving delivery through sharing information and
resources
Promoting innovation, by bringing together people from
different organisations and backgrounds
Improving cost effectiveness, through identification of
cross over and realising economies of scale
Increasing client satisfaction through greater
responsiveness to clients
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Editor's Notes
T alk about contribution of iAR – AAD C hief among which are food borne disease & zoonoses
Establishment CGIAR
CRP 4 Agriculture for improved human nutrition and health Livestock potent for good & evil
Times of great change
I am a researcher – the experiment D egraded wildlife The way animal protein will be produced will change profoundly. Industrial type of production will grow much faster than land-based production. Grazing systems face important resource constraints. Mixed farming, too, cannot expand at the pace of demand for animal products. This trend is uniform throughout the major regions of the developing world, but particularly pronounced where the demand for animal products is growing fastest.
Role of agricultural research Importance of AAD and importance beyond the human health sector – including wildlife
How poor a guide is common sense
P icture, from Peter Roeder, is a girl bringing her pet chicken to be culled Research came late to the party and like the wicked fairy brought only bad news – biosecurity and vaccination in backyard sector unlikely to work, many negative impacts were driven by control and poorly managed consumer panic Successful control
Compelling logic that when diseases main reservoir is livestock or wildlife, can be best tackled at source. However from hypothesis to practice is a considerable gap