This presentation discusses about the following subtopics:
What is a government deficit?
Types of deficit
What is a revenue deficit?
What is a fiscal deficit?
What is a primary deficit?
Difference between Fiscal Deficit and Revenue Deficit
Difference between Primary Deficit and Revenue Deficit
Fiscal Responsibility and Budget ManagementParas Savla
The Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, 2003 (FRBMA) was enacted by the Parliament of India to institutionalise financial discipline, reduce India’s fiscal deficit, improve macroeconomic management and the overall management of the public funds by moving towards a balanced budget. The main purpose was to eliminate revenue deficit. In this presentation Indian international history behind introducing FRBM Act in India and western countries and some of provisions of Indian FRBM Act has been analysed.
This presentation discusses about the following subtopics:
What is a government deficit?
Types of deficit
What is a revenue deficit?
What is a fiscal deficit?
What is a primary deficit?
Difference between Fiscal Deficit and Revenue Deficit
Difference between Primary Deficit and Revenue Deficit
Fiscal Responsibility and Budget ManagementParas Savla
The Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, 2003 (FRBMA) was enacted by the Parliament of India to institutionalise financial discipline, reduce India’s fiscal deficit, improve macroeconomic management and the overall management of the public funds by moving towards a balanced budget. The main purpose was to eliminate revenue deficit. In this presentation Indian international history behind introducing FRBM Act in India and western countries and some of provisions of Indian FRBM Act has been analysed.
Abstract: The paper examines the impact of public sectoral expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria for the period 1981-2013. It was observed that the growth of government expenditure has not fully felt by the economy. The econometric methodology employed is the ARDL model and results show that while the impact of government expenditure on administration and debt servicing were positive on economic growth in the long and short run, expenditure on economic and social sectors has negative impact. We argue that this may not be unconnected with the high level of corruption prevalent in the public sector where funds that are meant for provision or maintenance of social-economic activities like agriculture, roads, transportations, schools and hospitals are diverted for personal use. The CUSUM and CUSUMSQ test show the model is stable as neither of them cross the 5% boundary. The paper recommended that government should increase expenditure to the social and economic sectors while debts or debt servicing should be reduced. Also, corruption so prevalent in the public sector must be minimized if cannot be eradicated.
BUDGET PROCESS OF THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT, Report for PA1-Introduction to Public Administration, College of Public Administration - Tarlac State University
Government Expenditure and Economic Growth Nexus: Empirical Evidence from Nig...iosrjce
This study has examined the impact of public expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria using time
series data for the period 1970-2012. Secondary data were sourced from the CBN, NBS, journals, text books
etc. The adopted model was fitted with three variables: real GDP, capital and recurrent expenditure. The tools
of analysis were the ADF unit root test and ordinary least square multiple regression accompanied by pairwise
Granger causality test. The major objective of this study is to analyse the impact as well as direction of
causality between the fiscal variables and economic growth. All the variables included in the model are
stationary at level. Empirical findings from the study show that there is positive and insignificant relationship
between capital expenditure and economic growth while recurrent expenditure had a significant positive impact
on economic growth. Also, Granger causality test demonstrates a unidirectional causality running from the
fiscal variables to economic growth in validation of the Keynesian theory. Consequently, the study
recommended more allocation of resources for recurrent purposes as well; government should establish the
body that will monitor contract awarding process of capital projects closely, to guard against over estimation of
project cost and stealing of public funds.
'Government Expenditure Cutbacks Severely Impact UK Commercial Radio Revenues...Grant Goddard
Analysis of the severe impact of government advertising expenditure cutbacks on revenues of the UK commercial radio industry, written by Grant Goddard in May 2011 for Grant Goddard: Radio Blog.
Big Data 2.0 - How the UK Government Can Optimise Its Use of Big DataLewis Hill
A whitepaper examining the application of Big Data approaches within the UK government and identifying gaps in order to make recommendations for the future.
The detailed description of Macro-economic environment of Nepal with the latest data and important policies of Nepal; Trade Policy 2015, Industrial Policy 2011, Tourism Policy 2008, Privatization Policy, Monetary Policy 2016/17 and all economic development plans including the new 14th three year economic plan 2016/17-2018/19.
The wave of Economic reforms appeared on India’s shores in 1991, much after china’s and other south East Asian countries such as Malaysia, Singapore and Hong Kong. Due to economic reforms, however delayed they were, Indian economy were able to brake the shackles of heavy protectionism and license raj. Economic reforms (1980s reforms and 1991 reforms) did bring out the economy from the shameful reference of so called “Hindu Growth rate” of witnessing almost stagnant 3.5% GDP growth rate. Since independence India being a country with a demographic reality which are both challenging and unique, has a perennial problem of providing employment to millions of job seekers. The other fact which is unique to India only is that service sector contribution into growth rate has risen sharply in the developing countries’ economies like India in nineties, and, therefore, have become a self propelling and dynamic sector in the accelerated growth in the economies.
This study focuses on service sector as a vector of Indian globalization. The impact of new economic reforms which acted as a catalyst for service sector is to be reviewed as they opened door for the growth rate of the country and made India a destination of FDI inflow and out flow but that increased growth rate is not translated in providing employment to the millions.
The wave of Economic reforms appeared on India’s shores in 1991, much after china’s and other south East Asian countries such as Malaysia, Singapore and Hong Kong. Due to economic reforms, however delayed they were, Indian economy were able to brake the shackles of heavy protectionism and license raj. Economic reforms (1980s reforms and 1991 reforms) did bring out the economy from the shameful reference of so called “Hindu Growth rate” of witnessing almost stagnant 3.5% GDP growth rate. Since independence India being a country with a demographic reality which are both challenging and unique, has a perennial problem of providing employment to millions of job seekers. The other fact which is unique to India only is that service sector contribution into growth rate has risen sharply in the developing countries’ economies like India in nineties, and, therefore, have become a self propelling and dynamic sector in the accelerated growth in the economies.
This study focuses on service sector as a vector of Indian globalization. The impact of new economic reforms which acted as a catalyst for service sector is to be reviewed as they opened door for the growth rate of the country and made India a destination of FDI inflow and out flow but that increased growth rate is not translated in providing employment to the millions.
Budgets for Maternal Health in India by Sona MitraNaveen Bhartiya
Budgets for Maternal Health in India by Sona Mitra
National Consultation on ‘Expanding Access and Using the Law to Ensure Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights’ was held in December’ 2015. The consultation brought together experts, activists, lawyers, health workers and students from all corners in the country, in building the understanding on the issues and the emerging challenges.
Human Rights Law Network
http://hrln.org
IED's Hyun Son was invited to deliver a lecture on inclusive growth at the Stephen Zuelling Graduate School of the Asian Institute of Management. Her lecture dealt with issues on measurement and operationalization of inclusive growth for Asia and the Pacific. Dean moderated the lecture, which was attended by around 50 participants
The RRM is an accompanying document of the Regional Development Plan (RDP), along with the Regional Development Investment Program (RDIP). This contains statements of objectives with corresponding indicator framework for the various levels of results (goals and outcomes) to be
achieved under the Plan. As the Plan’s principal monitoring and evaluation (M&E) instrument, the RRM enables reporting on the progress of the Plan and allows for its subsequent assessment and performance measurements.
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank Introduce New Co-Branded Credit Cardnickysharmasucks
The unveiling of the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card marks a notable milestone in the Indian financial landscape, showcasing a successful partnership between two leading institutions, Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank. This co-branded credit card not only offers users a plethora of benefits but also reflects a commitment to innovation and adaptation. With a focus on providing value-driven and customer-centric solutions, this launch represents more than just a new product—it signifies a step towards redefining the banking experience for millions. Promising convenience, rewards, and a touch of luxury in everyday financial transactions, this collaboration aims to cater to the evolving needs of customers and set new standards in the industry.
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
@Pi_vendor_247
How to get verified on Coinbase Account?_.docxBuy bitget
t's important to note that buying verified Coinbase accounts is not recommended and may violate Coinbase's terms of service. Instead of searching to "buy verified Coinbase accounts," follow the proper steps to verify your own account to ensure compliance and security.
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
The Evolution of Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) in India: Challenges...beulahfernandes8
Role in Financial System
NBFCs are critical in bridging the financial inclusion gap.
They provide specialized financial services that cater to segments often neglected by traditional banks.
Economic Impact
NBFCs contribute significantly to India's GDP.
They support sectors like micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), housing finance, and personal loans.
2. GOVT. EXPENDITURE
Agriculture (irrigation, flood control,subsidies)
Rural development
Energy
Population Growth and Urbanisation
Maintaining Economic Stability (inflation and employment)
Capital formation
Mounting Debt Service Charges (return of loans and borrowings)
Anti-Poverty Schemes
Improving overall GDP
3. Types of govt. expenditure
Public
expenditure
REVENUE
EXPENDITURE
DEFENCE
ADMINISTRATION
SUBSIDIES
SALARIES
INTEREST PAYMENTS
CAPITAL
EXPENDITURE
R&D
TRANSPORT
HEALTH
EDUCATION
INDUSTRIAL UNITS
IRRIGATION PROJECTS
INVESTMENT
4. Should India go for expansionary fiscal policy?
Two ways to revive economy- A) lowering interest rates
B) expansionary fiscal policy
FACTS: 2013-2014 - combined fiscal deficit was 6.78 percent of the GDP
Total liabilities of the Central government- 46.3 percent of GDP
Falling revenues- 2013-2014: tax revenue:9.06% of GDP
non-Tax revenue: 1.70 % of GDP
The important fact is though our liabilities are decreasing our revenue sources
are also decreasing. Our interest payments have however increased to 3.79% in
2013-14.
The big question?
5. "Many big emerging nations including China, Russia and Brazil just tried a full-
throttle experiment in stimulus spending, and it failed. The average growth rate
for emerging economies excluding China has fallen to 2.5% today, from more
than 7% at the height of the spending campaign in 2010. That is the lowest
growth rate in four decades, outside of a global recession.“
Ruchir Sharma of Morgan Stanley
At the end of the day what matters is not the quantity of spending but the quality
of spending.
Increasing public spending by the government may not be the best way to go
about reviving economic growth.
6. UNEMPLOYMENT AND POVERTY
INDICATORS 1973-74 1983-84 1993-94 2004-05 2011-12
Population growth
(in crores) 54.8 68.3 84.6 102.8 121+
PER CAPITA INCOME
(2004-05) (RS) 10688 12894 16736 26629 41225
POVERTY RATIO (%) 54.9 44.5 36 27.5 21.9
Unemployment rate
(%) 4.86 9.60 6.91 5.54 8.93
PUBLIC EXPENDITURE
(IN BILLIONS) 118.38 332.48 880.81 1931.14 10304.61
INCREASE IN PUBLIC
EXPENDITURE (%) - 280.86 264.92 219.25 533.60
Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey
7. VARIOUS SCHEMES- Indira Awas Yojana, Anantodaya, minimum needs programme,
Integrated urban poverty eradication programme, MGNREGA, JRY, etc.
Definitely in terms of percentage poverty has come down, but in absolute terms
the question is still unanswered?
The fault lies not in policies as India has so many poverty schemes and a very large
amount Govt. spends on these. Fault lies in the implementation of these schemes.
Middle men do not let the schemes to reach the grass-root level.
8. EDUCATION
HEALTH
WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION
FAMILY WELFARE etc.
SOCIAL SERVICESAND PUBLIC EXPENDITURE
INDICATORS 1990-91 1994-95 2000-01 2004-05 2010-11
GDP(IN BILLIONS) 5862.12 10455.90 21774.13 32422.09 77953.13
%OF EXP ON
EDUCATION/GDP
4.01 3.56 4.33 3.69
GROWTH RATE
OF PUBLIC EXP
ON HEALTH
1.94 17.59 10.76
