The document provides an overview of the dairy sector in Kerala, India. It discusses the declining cattle population but increasing milk production due to higher productivity. It notes that Kerala imports milk from other states to meet demand. The seminar aims to study the current status of dairying in Kerala and identify new strategies for development. It performs a SWOT analysis and outlines constraints faced by dairy farmers. Finally, it proposes strategies like conserving traditional systems, promoting small commercial ventures, establishing hi-tech farms, improving genetics, and upgrading cooperatives.

1. Welcome
to
Gods own
country

2. WELCOME
TO MY
SEMINAR

3. By,
Dr. Subin K.Mohan, MVSc
PhD Scholar
Dairy Extension Division
NDRI
Karnal

4. INTRODUCTION
 There is a decrease in the livestock population of Kerala over the
years when compared to the total milk production.
 This shows the increase in the productivity of the animals which
compensates the decreased animal population.
 According to economic review, 2007, daily milk production
during 2006 was 58.02 lakh liters against the requirement of
67.2 lakh liters per day.
 According to ICMR recommendations, beyond 76 lakh liters of
milk per day is required as the approximate human population
of Kerala is around 3.2 crores.

5. How we maintain this gap?
 By purchasing milk from the neighbouring states.

6. WHAT IS THE NEED OF THE
PRESENT STUDY?
As an extension agency, we should study the
present status of dairying in Kerala and the find
out new strategies for dairy development to
overcome all these lacunas

7. Present Status of Dairy Sector in
Kerala
 Of the 1.7 million breedable cattle 67 % are crossbreds
 Most of the cattle holding are one cow farms
 Per capita availability of milk is 220 gm /day
 Part of milk is being imported from other states to meet the
demand
 AI units are available at the rate of one for 800 breedable
cattle
 There is acute scarcity of feed and fodder.
 97% of the population are Non Vegetarians.
 65% of the meat consumed is from animals brought from other
states
 About 10% of the Gross Domestic Product of the state is
contributed by this sector and forms 40 percent of the
agricultural GSDP.

8. Cattle population in Kerala -33.96 lakh (1996
) declined to 21.22 lakh (2003)and further to
17.19 lakh by 2006.
The crossbred cattle population- 22.87 lakhs
(67%) as per 1996 Census-increased to 93% in
2006.

9. Total milk production -58.02 lakhs liters- 2007
Contribution of Kerala to national milk production which was 2.4
percent during 2003-04 declined to 2.1 per cent in 2008-09.
growth rate - 4.24 per cent - 1990s compared to the Indian level
of 4.16 per cent, in spite of a weak fodder base.
 From 2001-07, a negative growth rate -(- 4.86%) and at India
level the growth rate declined to 3.64 per cent.
In 2008-09- increased- 6.12 percent, a highest rate in recent
years.

10.  In Kerala there are 3445 dairy co-operatives including
2646 Anand pattern societies functioning under KCMMF.
 Of the 22 dairies functioning in the State, 12 are in Co-
operative Sector (Milma) and the remaining 10 are run by
private/charitable societies which handle 64000MT milk
per annum.
>>

11. SWOT Analysis of dairy industry in Kerala
Strengths:-
 Livestock population mainly comprises of crossbreed cattles.
 Purchasing power of consumers is increasing with growing economy
of middle class people.
 Increasing demand for milk production since milk consumption is
now a regular part of the diet.
 Plenty of highly trained and qualified technical manpower is available
at all levels to support R&D as well as industry operation.
 Large number of commercial and hi-tech dairy farms is coming up.
 There is a vast scope for improvement of milk production as the
productivity of our animals is low.
 Dairy industry provides employment and supplementary income to
the rural families.
 Urbanisation
 More financial stability of the common people.
(Vijetha and Mohan, 2010)

12. Weakness
 low yielding animals.
 High cost of labour.
 Quality of milk is low, which is not up to the international
standards.
 Limited investment in dairy industry.
 Absence of comprehensive and reliable milk production data
and no matching between investment and profit in the
industry.
 Unawareness of scientific dairy farming, clean milk production
and value addition.
 Inability to feed the cattle throughout the year.
 Inadequate training in modern cattle management.

13. Opportunities
 Expanding the dairy industry will create enormous job
and self employment opportunities.
 Increase in investment in dairy sector
 Increased export potential for indigenous milk products.
 Increase in demand for dairy products.
 Utilization of by-products of the dairy industry for
manufacturing value added products (VAP) for world
market.

14. Threats
 Excessive grazing pressure on lands resulting in its complete
degradation.
 Indiscriminate cross breeding to meet the increasing milk
demand leads to disappearance of valuable indigenous breeds.
 The role of middleman in dairy business activities is still a very
large threat.
 Lack of awareness among farmers about milk quality.
 To curb Global warming due to increased methane production
from dairy animals, it is required to replace the large number of
less quality livestock with less number of high quality animals.

15. Agencies working in dairy
development sector in Kerala
 State AH department
 State dairy development department
 KAU
 KLDB
 MILMA and other cooperative societies
 NGOs

16. State Animal Husbandry
Department

17. EVOLUTION OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY DEPARTMENT IN KERALA
 At the time of integration (1-7-49) of Travancore and Cochin, a separate
Veterinary Department was in existence in Cochin state, while Animal Husbandry
activity was a part of Agricultural Department in Travancore state.
 The cattle in those days were mostly non descript desi varieties with poor milk
production.
 Artificial Insemination facilities were introduced in selected areas with the
establishment (February 1952) of Key Farm Centres (ICAR) at
Trivandrum, Kottayam, Ernakulam and Ollukkara, using semen of Sindhi Breed.
 Grading up of local cows with Sindhi and buffaloes with Murrah had been the
breeding policy in vogue at that time.
 Currently, after 45 years of formation of Kerala State about 2638 institutions are
functioning in the Animal Husbandry Department.
 Panchayat Raj Act came into existence on 2nd October 1995, most of the
institutions of Animal Husbandry Department were handed over to Grama
Panchayats, Gilla Panchayats, Block Panchayat, Municipalities and
Corporations.


18. Goals of Animal Husbandry Department
 Strengthening the livestock population of the state in terms of both number and
quality
 Increasing the production of milk, egg and meat
 Creating more self- employment opportunities in the Animal Husbandry sector.
 Assisting weaker sections of the society to enhance their income level.
 Control of animal diseases
 Conduct scientific studies into relevant aspects of livestock rearing.
 Collection and analysis of data and information on the Animal Husbandry
Sector of the state.
 To equip the farmers with modern scientific practices in Animal Husbandry.

19. State Dairy Development
Department

20. MAIN PROGRAMMES OF DAIRY DEVEOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF KERALA
Sl.No. Programme Schemes
(a) Farmers Contact Programme
Rural Dairy Extension (b) District Level Cattle Show & Seminar
1
Service (RDE) (c) Assistance to set up below Model
Commercial Dairy Farm Unit
Fodder Development
2 a) Fodder Production
Programme
(a) Milk Collection Room & Building
(b) Purchase of Computer
(c) Purchase of fully Automatic Milk Packing
Machine
Modernization of (d) Purchase of Generator
3
Dairy Co-operatives (e) Purchase of Milk Cooler
(f) Improving facilities for processing of milk
& marketing
(g) Automatic Milk Collection Unit
(h) Purchase of Cream Separator

21. 5 Dairy Training Centres of the state offers various
types of training.
 Training for Members/Personnel of Dairy Co-operatives -
Training in milk testing
 Training for Dairy Farmers - Training is imparted in modern
scientific cattle rearing

 Training for house-wives/women- Training is imparted in
manufacture of milk products
 Training for unemployed youth- Training is imparted in fodder
conservation & fortification of paddy straw

22. Dairy Farmers Contact Programme
 In a farmers contact programme, a group of 30 farmers will be
assembled together.
 Modern scientific methods in cattle rearing, fodder cultivation and
importance of milk hygiene and clean milk production will be discussed.

The Department will assist in starting farms- will give 25 % of the total
cost or Rs. 37,500/- whichever is less, as loan.
 The assistance will be released after completing the cultivation of
fodder, shed construction, remittance of insurance premium and
purchase of milking machine.

23. Some special schemes/ packages
Ksheera Karshaka seemandhini- Dairy farmers will get
 300 rs/month pension
 insurance
 scholarship to their children
 support for natural calamities like tsunami
 hospital expenditures
 ambulance charge after death of farmer
Dairy Farmers' Welfare fund Board: more than 50000 farmers will be
getting pension.
Vidharbha package, Special package to Wayanad, Idukki package, Farm
dept relief funds

24.  Quality control- Any consumer can directly approach the MMPO
certified labs for checking quality of milk and milk products, but they
have to pay a particular fee. Both chemical and microbiological
quality are monitored.
 Milk or any other milk product found sub-standard will be prohibited
to market in Kerala.

25. Kerala Agricultural University
 College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
 College of Dairy Science & Technology
Programmes/ Projects
 Ksheerasree programme
 Tribal indigenous knowledge system & practices in
livestock based livelihood
 Livelihood security of WSHGs through livestock
rearing

26. Kerala Livestock Development
Board (KLDB)
Sunandini (cross of nondescript cattle X Brown Swiss, Jersey and HF) limiting
the exotic inheritance to 50%.
Kulathupuzha, Mattupetty & Wagamon model dairy farms-
 Model hi-tech dairy farms with all the latest technologies on
feeding, milking, shed management and recording practices
 is a model in the state for production of bull calves for breeding programme
and supply of high producing females calves to farmers and Government
farms.
LIVECON- CONSULTANCY SERVICE OF KLDB
 It will be provide support to farmer, other Govt departments, and institutions
for preparation of project reports.
 It will take up supervision and implementation of hi-tech dairy farm project

27. Milma – “The Goodness Kerala
wakes up to”
 Kerala Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation (KCMMF), popularly called
milma was established in April, 1980 with its Head Office at
Thiruvananthapuram for the successful implementation of the Operation Flood
The name milma represents:-
 2,702 primary milk co-operative societies
 7.78 lakhs farmer members
 Three Regional Co-operative Milk Producers' Union
 Twelve Dairies capable of handling 9.90 lakhs litres of milk per day
 Thirteen Milk Chilling Centres
 Two Cattle Feed Plants with cumulative capacity of 600MT per day
 One Milk Powder Plant of 10MT per day capacity
 A well established Training Centre
 5,200 retail outlets
 Over 32,000 people working either directly or indirectly for the functioning of
milma

28. Non Government Organizations
(NGOs)
 Eg : PDDP kalady
 Sreyas, kambhalakkad
 Mitranikethan
>>

29. Factors affecting the declination of
livestock population in Kerala
 nutritional stress characterized by shortage of fodder and dry
roughage
 high cost of health care
 economic impact of infectious diseases like FMD
 unscientific management of livestock
 high feed cost
 lack of labour
 fragmented land holdings
 increased urbanization

30. Constraints faced by dairy farmers
in rearing livestock
 Lack of time
 Lack of manual help
 Increased expenditure in rearing
 Lack of space
 Lack of veterinary aid
 Difficulty in getting feed and fodder
 Large quantity of feed required
 More number of animals
 Health related problems
 Age related problems
 Dairy farmers are not organized
 Little access to dairy information
 Less financial resources to help
 Absence of milk collection system
(Mohan et al., 2007)

32. Strategies for development of dairy
sector in Kerala

33. 1) Conservation of traditional milk
producing systems
 Small units with 1 to 2 animals still form the backbone of milk
production in Kerala.
 More than 80% of the total milk produced in the State comes from this
group.
 No new units are added up over the years and at the same time the
attrition rate in this group is high.
 Income from a crossbred cow -Rs. 1500- 3000/- a month under ideal
management conditions. This is much less than the expectations of an
average farmer of the State.
 No new entrants are coming due to social stigma of being identified as
a cattle owner which is not commensurate in terms of social status and
income.

34. 2) Promote small commercial dairy
ventures
 The ill effects of economic melt down can be exploited by Kerala
for dairy development in particular if proper planning is done.
 For this every district should have an office where officers from
Department of Animal Husbandry (DAH) and Department of
Dairy, KLDB (Kerala Livestock Development
Board), Department of Agriculture, Milma Kudumbhasree and
Financial agencies are available.
 This single window should cater all the needs of new
entrepreneur in dairying.

35. 3) Establishment of hi-tech farms
 Government intends to start large Hi-tech farms at Idukki and
Wayanad Districts.
 This will ensures milk security in Kerala.
 It is advisable to declare to special milk zones in these two
Districts to start these ventures in public-private participatory
mode.
 These farms definitely will be a moral boost for new
entrepreneur in dairying across the state.

36. 4) Availability of high quality
semen
 Average milk yield of a cow in Kerala is 7.5 lit/day/animal.
 out of 14 districts of the state, 9 falls in the coastal belt.
 Hot humid climate prevalent in these coastal districts are not
supportive to exploit the full genetic potential due to heat stress
related problems.
 To cater the needs of progressive farmers high quality semen
should be made available in places where the environment is
congenial (High ranges) and where there is sufficient biomass on
payment basis.
 To cater the needs of small producers, semen of bulls with optimum
production potential and adaptable to local conditions needs to be
provided without hindrance.

37. 5) Prevention of genetic drain
 Most of the elite farmers are not caring their calves
 This indirectly leads to genetic drain of progenies of high-producing
cows.
 The calf feed subsidy scheme is implemented for the farmers who
have a milking cow and calf.
 New schemes can be envisaged for farmers who are interested in
rearing premium calves.
 In dairy related projects, thrust should always be given to purchase
new milking animals to augment production.
 New schemes where calves are supplied to these farmers and taken
back before calving can be envisaged.

38. 6) Upgrading the role of dairy co-
operatives
 Their main role presently is only procurement of milk from
farmers. They have to take lead roles in other activities
related to dairying.
 Eg: (a) Fodder banks - Organize farmers to cultivate fodder in
available lands and act as fodder bank. Once a market and
price is assured for fodder more and more people will become
interested in fodder production even if they don’t have dairy
animals.

39. Labour banks
 There is acute shortage of skilled labourers especially milkers.
 Societies can take a lead role to form labour banks with skilled
milkers.
 Portable milking machine can be supplied to them so that the
farmers need not worry about milking related activities.
 This also gives a respect to the role of milker’s thus attracting jobless
youth to this work.
 They can also try to collect milk from the producers to the society
thus reducing the work load of farmers.
 (c) Instead of banks lending money for purchase of animals, the
same can be routed through the societies. These establishes a
bond between farmers and societies. The money can also be easily
realized from the cost of milk.

40. 7) Establishment of new feed factories
 The government and private feed factories together have the
capacity to produce 1300 to 1700 tonnes of feed daily.
 This accounts to only 2/3rd of the requirement of the State.
 The government is planning to start a new factory at Quilon.
 In districts like Palghat, Allepey and Kole fields of Thrissur were
mechanized harvesters are used; the paddy straw is wasted in the
field. The government can plan to start small complete feed block
areas so that this wasted straw can be efficiently converted into
good quality feed.
 This should be handed over to grama, block or district panchayats to
carry out production.

41. 8) Conserve energy and protect
environment
 Scientific designs pertaining to locality and herd size should be
prepared and made mandatory for the farmers.
 To control pollution and related problems, biogas units should be
made compulsory
 This saving energy can be used for household cooking purpose.
 Pollution control norms for livestock sector should be established
with legal framework to protect farmers and livestock sector.

42. 9) Fixing the price of milk according
to the production cost
 Cost of production is more
 Availability of milk in cheap from neighboring states
 Two axis price system is followed

43. 10) Attract people to the AH sector
 Cattle fairs
 Exhibitions
 Media
 Hi-tech dairy farms in tourist places

44. 11) Information dissemination &
Transfer of technology
 Through media
 Through veterinary institutions
 Through dairy professionals

45. Strategies for ensuring clean milk
production in Kerala
Need for improving the quality of milk.
 At the national level less than 1% of the total milk produced is
exported.
 Unfortunately even though the farmers are aware of these facts they
are not interested in improving the quality of milk since it is not being
recognized in terms of monetary benefits.
 Quality milk production can be encouraged among farmers by giving
premium price on a three axis pricing policy.
 In primary society level, dye reduction test and at the processing
plant, somatic cell count or E coli test may be introduced in some
selected areas as a step towards quality assurance.

46. 11) CMP awareness programmes
should be launched
 Proper awareness should be given to the dairy farmers regarding
clean milk production through personal advice, film
shows, demonstrations etc. so that the producers make out the
consequences of unhygienic practices of milk production on the
health issues of people as well as on their long term economic
interests.
 Trained extension agents should conduct awareness and training
programmes for milk producers, village cooperatives and other dairy
professionals.

47. 12) Incentive payment plan should
be established
 Consumers should pay more for quality of milk.
 This can be achieved through consumer education programmes
utilizing mass media and other means.
 Imposition of penalty on default, penalty to the societies on supply of
poor quality milk and payment of higher price to the cooperatives
supplying good quality raw milk should be done.
 Protection of the consumer right for better quality milk through
appropriate legislation is necessary.
 License all milk vendors for ensuring safe handling of milk and milk
products.

48. 13) Concept of organic milk should
be widely disseminated
 People are more health conscious.
 Organic farm products fetch good price from the consumer.
 Milk is not an exception to that consumer expectation.
 Dairy organizations should plan programmes to meet this demand
and this can be only achieved through clean milk production.

49. Conclusion
 The present data of milk production in Kerala showed an
average growth rate of 6.12 percent, the highest rate in recent
years, points out that, there is an ample scope for us in the
dairy industry.
 The constraints of the dairy farmers have to be solved.
 The Government and the allied departments have to work
together in an integrated manner with a long term vision to
ensure milk flush in Kerala.
 New strategies have to be adopted and implemented in a war
footing manner to ensure milk security in Kerala.

50. Any
Questions??

51. T
H
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K
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