This document discusses the greenhouse effect and the Earth's atmosphere. It describes the five main layers of the atmosphere from lowest to highest: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. It then explains key terms, greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane, the causes of increasing CO2 levels, and effects of global warming like climate change, damage to habitats, and extreme weather. The document also provides overviews of the carbon dioxide cycle, ozone layer, and what is causing the thinning ozone hole.
This document discusses the greenhouse effect and the Earth's atmosphere. It describes the five main layers of the atmosphere from lowest to highest: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. It then explains key terms, gases found in the atmosphere like carbon dioxide and methane, and causes of increased CO2 levels like burning fossil fuels. The document also covers effects of global warming like climate change, damage to habitats and crops, and more frequent extreme weather events.
The document describes the layers of Earth's atmosphere from lowest to highest: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. It provides details on the characteristics of each layer such as temperature, composition, and phenomena that occur. The document also discusses the greenhouse effect and gases in the atmosphere that contribute to global warming, such as carbon dioxide and methane, as well as effects of climate change.
The document describes the composition and layers of Earth's atmosphere. It begins by outlining the learning objectives which are to describe the atmosphere's composition and layers, explain heat transfer mechanisms, and explain the greenhouse effect. It then provides details on the composition of the atmosphere including the main gases, atmospheric dust, and varying components. The layers of the atmosphere are defined based on temperature and composition changes at different altitudes. Heat transfer through radiation, conduction, and convection is explained. Finally, the greenhouse effect is described as gases in the atmosphere trapping heat from the sun like glass in a greenhouse.
The document describes the composition and layers of Earth's atmosphere. It explains that the atmosphere contains nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. It also discusses the mechanisms of heat transfer in the atmosphere, including radiation, conduction, and convection. Finally, it explains the greenhouse effect, how greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere and warm the planet.
The document discusses the atmosphere and its layers. It describes the five main layers - troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and exosphere. The troposphere is closest to Earth's surface and where weather occurs. The stratosphere contains the ozone layer. The mesosphere is the coldest layer where meteors burn up. The thermosphere is the highest layer and location of the northern lights. The atmosphere is composed primarily of nitrogen and oxygen along with water vapor, carbon dioxide and ozone. Air pressure decreases with altitude.
power point presentation in atmospheric chemistryJamaicaFiel
this will provide quick discussion on atmospheric chemistry and some other details on atmosphere including layers of the atmosphere and environmental problems in the atmosphere
Atmospheric chemistry studies the chemistry of Earth's atmosphere and the atmospheres of other planets. It is a multidisciplinary field that draws from various areas including environmental chemistry, physics, meteorology, computer modeling, oceanography, geology, and volcanology. The composition and chemistry of Earth's atmosphere is important because it interacts with living organisms. Atmospheric chemistry has addressed problems caused by human activity like acid rain, ozone depletion, photochemical smog, and global warming.
This document discusses the greenhouse effect and the Earth's atmosphere. It describes the five main layers of the atmosphere from lowest to highest: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. It then explains key terms, greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane, the causes of increasing CO2 levels, and effects of global warming like climate change, damage to habitats, and extreme weather. The document also provides overviews of the carbon dioxide cycle, ozone layer, and what is causing the thinning ozone hole.
This document discusses the greenhouse effect and the Earth's atmosphere. It describes the five main layers of the atmosphere from lowest to highest: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. It then explains key terms, gases found in the atmosphere like carbon dioxide and methane, and causes of increased CO2 levels like burning fossil fuels. The document also covers effects of global warming like climate change, damage to habitats and crops, and more frequent extreme weather events.
The document describes the layers of Earth's atmosphere from lowest to highest: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. It provides details on the characteristics of each layer such as temperature, composition, and phenomena that occur. The document also discusses the greenhouse effect and gases in the atmosphere that contribute to global warming, such as carbon dioxide and methane, as well as effects of climate change.
The document describes the composition and layers of Earth's atmosphere. It begins by outlining the learning objectives which are to describe the atmosphere's composition and layers, explain heat transfer mechanisms, and explain the greenhouse effect. It then provides details on the composition of the atmosphere including the main gases, atmospheric dust, and varying components. The layers of the atmosphere are defined based on temperature and composition changes at different altitudes. Heat transfer through radiation, conduction, and convection is explained. Finally, the greenhouse effect is described as gases in the atmosphere trapping heat from the sun like glass in a greenhouse.
The document describes the composition and layers of Earth's atmosphere. It explains that the atmosphere contains nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. It also discusses the mechanisms of heat transfer in the atmosphere, including radiation, conduction, and convection. Finally, it explains the greenhouse effect, how greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere and warm the planet.
The document discusses the atmosphere and its layers. It describes the five main layers - troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and exosphere. The troposphere is closest to Earth's surface and where weather occurs. The stratosphere contains the ozone layer. The mesosphere is the coldest layer where meteors burn up. The thermosphere is the highest layer and location of the northern lights. The atmosphere is composed primarily of nitrogen and oxygen along with water vapor, carbon dioxide and ozone. Air pressure decreases with altitude.
power point presentation in atmospheric chemistryJamaicaFiel
this will provide quick discussion on atmospheric chemistry and some other details on atmosphere including layers of the atmosphere and environmental problems in the atmosphere
Atmospheric chemistry studies the chemistry of Earth's atmosphere and the atmospheres of other planets. It is a multidisciplinary field that draws from various areas including environmental chemistry, physics, meteorology, computer modeling, oceanography, geology, and volcanology. The composition and chemistry of Earth's atmosphere is important because it interacts with living organisms. Atmospheric chemistry has addressed problems caused by human activity like acid rain, ozone depletion, photochemical smog, and global warming.
This document provides an overview of atmospheric chemistry and air pollution. It discusses the composition and layers of the atmosphere, including the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere. Key topics covered include atmospheric temperature profiles, the ozone layer and its role in absorbing UV radiation, common air pollutants and their sources, and atmospheric chemical reactions involving nitrogen dioxide, hydroxyl radicals, and other reactive species. The goal of atmospheric chemistry is to understand problems like acid rain, smog, and global warming by obtaining theoretical insights into atmospheric composition and changes caused by human activities.
The document discusses the greenhouse effect and the layers of Earth's atmosphere. It describes the key gases like carbon dioxide and methane that contribute to the greenhouse effect. The troposphere is the lowest layer and contains around 75% of the atmosphere. Higher layers get colder as altitude increases. The document outlines how increased carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels is creating more of the gas in the atmosphere and contributing to climate change effects like rising temperatures, changes in habitats, and extreme weather events.
Atmospheric chemistry is the study of the chemistry of Earth's atmosphere and the atmosphere of other planets. It is a multidisciplinary field that draws from various areas including environmental chemistry, physics, meteorology, computer modeling, oceanography, geology, and volcanology. The Earth's atmosphere consists of different layers - the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere - each with unique characteristics and compositions. Atmospheric chemistry studies how the composition of the atmosphere changes through natural processes as well as human activities, which can negatively impact human health, ecosystems, and climate through issues like acid rain, ozone depletion, smog, and global warming.
Atmospheric chemistry is the study of the chemistry of Earth's atmosphere and the atmospheres of other planets. It is a multidisciplinary field that draws from various areas including environmental chemistry, physics, meteorology, computer modeling, oceanography, geology, and volcanology. The Earth's atmosphere consists of different layers - the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere - each with unique characteristics and compositions. Atmospheric chemistry studies how the composition of the atmosphere changes through natural processes as well as human activities, which can negatively impact human health, ecosystems, and climate through issues like acid rain, ozone depletion, smog, and global warming.
Industrial and Environmental Chemistry, DSE-III for U. G. CBCS course. The ppt describes about types of air pollutants, it's effects. Constituents and photochemistry of smog, Environmental effect of ozone etc.
The document summarizes key aspects of Earth's atmosphere. It describes the five main layers - troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. It explains that Earth's atmosphere protects the planet from extreme temperatures, the sun's harmful rays, and provides oxygen and protects from solar radiation. The layers are identified based on temperature changes, with the stratosphere containing the important ozone layer.
The document defines the greenhouse effect as a process where thermal radiation from the Earth's surface is absorbed by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and radiated in all directions. It discusses the different layers of the atmosphere and lists common greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and ozone. It then explains how increased CO2 from burning fossil fuels contributes to global warming by creating a carbon dioxide cycle and damaging the ozone layer, which protects the Earth from UV rays. The thinning ozone layer and climate change effects from the greenhouse effect include impacts to habitats, agriculture, and more extreme weather.
The document summarizes key information about Earth's atmosphere, including its composition, layers, and importance. It discusses the following main points:
1. Earth's atmosphere is made up primarily of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%), along with smaller amounts of other gases like carbon dioxide and argon.
2. The atmosphere is divided into four main layers - the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere - which vary in temperature and density.
3. Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the lower atmosphere, creating Earth's natural greenhouse effect and warm temperatures that support life. Increased CO2 levels are enhancing the greenhouse effect and global warming.
The document summarizes key information about Earth's atmosphere, including its composition, layers, and importance. It discusses the following main points:
1. Earth's atmosphere is made up primarily of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%), along with smaller amounts of other gases like argon, carbon dioxide, and water vapor.
2. The atmosphere is divided into four main layers - the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere - which vary in temperature and density.
3. Key functions of the atmosphere include absorbing solar energy, recycling water and chemicals, protecting the planet from radiation, and supporting life on Earth.
The document discusses various topics related to atmospheric chemistry and air pollution. It begins with an overview of the composition and structure of the atmosphere, including the different layers (troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere). It then covers various atmospheric reactions and processes, such as photochemical reactions, lapse rates, temperature inversions, and ozone layer formation and depletion. The document also discusses different air pollutants, their sources, effects, and methods for air quality monitoring and pollution control. Finally, it touches on related issues like the greenhouse effect, global warming, acid rain, and indoor air pollution.
The document provides an overview of Earth's atmosphere including:
- Its composition of nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), and trace amounts of other gases.
- It describes the layers of the atmosphere from lowest to highest - troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere.
- Key topics covered include the nitrogen cycle, how pressure decreases with altitude, measuring pressure, atmospheric chemistry, and issues like acid rain, the greenhouse effect, and ozone depletion.
Importance of Atmosphere –
Physical and chemical characteristics of Atmosphere –
Vertical structure of the atmosphere –
Composition of the atmosphere –
Temperature profile of the atmosphere –
Lapse rates –
Temperature inversion –
Effects of inversion on pollution dispersion.
Atmospheric stability
Earth’s atmosphere is a thin blanket of gases and tiny particles — together called air.
Atmosphere is the air surrounding the earth.
The Earth’s atmosphere is a mixture of gases and water vapour, and also of some amount of aerosols (dust, smoke, condensation products of vapor)
It contains life-giving gases like Oxygen for humans and animals and carbon dioxide for plants.
It envelops the earth all round and is held in place by the gravity of the earth.
It helps in stopping the ultraviolet rays harmful to the life and maintains the suitable temperature necessary for life.
This document summarizes the five main layers of Earth's atmosphere - troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. It describes key features of each layer such as how temperature varies with altitude and the gases present. The document then discusses topics like the greenhouse effect, how greenhouse gases trap the sun's energy and cause global warming, and how chlorofluorocarbons contribute to ozone depletion in the stratosphere.
The document discusses the four main systems that make up Earth: the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere. It focuses on describing the layers of the atmosphere, including the exosphere, thermosphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, and troposphere. The troposphere contains most of the weather and clouds and temperatures decrease with increased altitude. The stratosphere contains ozone that absorbs UV radiation. The mesosphere is the coldest part while the thermosphere reaches temperatures over 1,700°C and protects the Earth from radiation.
The document discusses the Earth's atmosphere and air pollution. It describes the composition and structure of the atmosphere, including the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere layers. It then discusses air pollution, classifying pollutants as primary or secondary and listing common pollutants like carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, ozone, and particulate matter. It provides the acceptable limits and environmental and health effects of these major pollutants.
The document summarizes the composition and structure of Earth's atmosphere. It is composed primarily of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%), as well as smaller amounts of other gases like carbon dioxide, water vapor, and ozone. The atmosphere does not have a clear upper boundary and becomes less dense with increasing altitude due to decreasing air pressure. It can be divided into layers based on changes in temperature, density, and other factors. These layers include the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere.
The document provides an introduction to the geo-chemistry of the atmosphere. It discusses the composition and structure of the atmosphere. The atmosphere is divided into major layers including the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere and thermosphere. It describes the major and minor components of the atmosphere, including nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, ozone and others. The document also discusses atmospheric processes like the greenhouse effect and how human activities have increased carbon dioxide levels, impacting the climate.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
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This document provides an overview of atmospheric chemistry and air pollution. It discusses the composition and layers of the atmosphere, including the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere. Key topics covered include atmospheric temperature profiles, the ozone layer and its role in absorbing UV radiation, common air pollutants and their sources, and atmospheric chemical reactions involving nitrogen dioxide, hydroxyl radicals, and other reactive species. The goal of atmospheric chemistry is to understand problems like acid rain, smog, and global warming by obtaining theoretical insights into atmospheric composition and changes caused by human activities.
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The document summarizes key information about Earth's atmosphere, including its composition, layers, and importance. It discusses the following main points:
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4. Troposphere
Lowest portion of earth’s atmosphere
75% of the entire atmosphere mass
- Water Vapor
- Aerosols
0 km – 10 km Depth ~ 10 km
Warmer nearest earth
Colder the further you go
Travel Back to the Atmosphere
5. Stratosphere
Second layer of earth’s atmosphere
10 km – 50 km Depth ~ 40 km
Colder nearer the earth surface
Warmer the further into the atmosphere
Energy is transferred via heat absorption
by the ozone layer.
Heating caused by conduction from
above and convection from below.
Travel Back to the Atmosphere
6. Mesosphere
Middle layer of earth’s atmosphere
50 km – 90 km Depth ~ 40 km
Warmer closer to earth’s surface
Colder the further you out you go
This is where meteors burn as they
collide with gas particles
Most poorly understood part of the
atmosphere
Travel back to the Atmosphere
7. Thermosphere
4th layer of earth’s atmosphere
80 km – 500 km Depth ~ 420 km
Colder near earth’s surface
Warmer as you go further into
thermosphere
This layer absorbs radiation which in
turn electrically charge particles.
Travel back to the Atmosphere
8. Exosphere
Outer layer of the atmosphere
500 km – 10,000 km Depth ~ 9,500 km
Only layer of atmosphere where gases can
escape
Main gases found here:
- Hydrogen
- Helium
- Carbon Dioxide
Travel Back to the Atmosphere
10. Key Terms
Condensation - process by which gas or vapor changes into a
liquid or solid
Evaporation - the process by which a liquid changes into a gas
Convection - upward movement of heat or other atmospheric
properties within the atmosphere
Photosynthesis – the synthesis of complex organic materials
from carbon dioxide, water, and inorganic salts using light as an
energy source
Radiation – energy that is transmitted in the form of rays
Conduction – spontaneous transfer of energy through matter,
from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower
temperature
11. Gases
CO2 - Carbon Dioxide
MH4 - Methane
O2 – Oxygen Gas
O3 - Ozone
N2 – Nitrogen Gas
Ar – Argon Gas
H2 – Hydrogen Gas
He - Helium
12. Increase in CO2
Increased by the burning of fossil fuels- coal, oil, and
gas
Too much is harmful to our planet
Creates a cycle of
Carbon Dioxide
within our atmosphere
Contributes to the
hole in the ozone
layer
15. Ozone Layer
Three oxygen atoms bonded together
Forms a layer above earth that protects us from
harmful UVA UVB rays
The ozone hole is a depletion of the ozone in
the atmosphere.
16. What is causing thinning Ozone
Hole?
Cars
Factories
Pollution
Deforestation
20. QUIZ
1. What is the first atmospheric layer closest to earth?
2. What is the largest atmospheric layer?
3. Define a key term (condensation, evaporation, photosynthesis,
radiation, conduction, convection)
4. What gas is CO2?
5. What is one cause of an increase in CO2?
6. Does CO2 exist in oceans?
7. Which two layers of earth’s atmosphere does the ozone layer
exist?
8. What are two things that are causing the thinning of the ozone?
9. What is an effect of Global Warming?