The document provides an overview of tool marks, defining them as impressions left by tools on surfaces and categorizing them into types such as compression, sliding, and cutting marks. It discusses their locations in crime scenes, the collection methods for evidence, and the evaluation process by tool mark examiners to establish links to criminal activity. The importance of tool marks is highlighted, emphasizing their permanence and role in forensic investigations.

1. TOOL MARKS
Submitted by Submitted to
V. Rohit Ketan Sir

2. OVERVIEW
 Tool marks
 Types of tool marks
 Location
 Collection
 Packing
 Evaluation
 Importance

3. TOOL MARK
 A tool mark is defined as the impression left by the contact of a tool or similar object on to a
surface
 TOOLS & Weapons
 It is knives, razor blades , axes ,hammers ,screw drivers ,hacksaws ,spades or sharp metallic
implement
 Tools leave distinctive marks because they are generally made of metals harder than the
surface with which they normally come in contact
 Tool marks which are cut marks ,drill marks ,struck marks, levering marks, shear mark,
depressed marks etc.
 Tool marks are more or less permanent, hence the same can be used to link the criminal with
the crime scene ,even after long time

5. TYPES OF TOOL MARKS
 Compression or ( indented) tool marks
 Sliding tool marks
 Cutting tool marks

6. COMPRESSION TOOL MARKS
 When a tool is pressed into softer material
 Such marks often show the outline of the working surface of the tool, so the class
characteristics of the tool ( such as dimensions) can be determined

7. SLIDING TOOL MARK
 It is created when a tool slides along a surface
 Such marks usually consist of pattern of parallel striations class characteristics are more difficult
to determine from sliding tool marks

8. CUTTING TOOL MARKS
 It is the combination of compression and sliding tool marks
 The cutting tool indents the material being cut and it does the working surfaces of the tool
slide over the cut surfaces

9. LOCATION
 Tool marks are often present in crime involving breaking on an entering they may be found
on the locks of doors or windows that a criminal has jimmied in order to gain entrance
 the cut marks on the clothes caused by knives are very common.
 Holes made in the walls by the knives or other implements

10. COLLECTION
 Whenever possible , the original articles bearing the questioned tool marks are collected
 Similarly all suspected likely tools should be collected
 When the articles is too big for convenient handling the mark bearing portion (of wood, metal
and masonry work )is cut separated sealed and sent in the usual way
 Cast
 Adhesive tape
 Plaster of Paris

11. PACKAGING
 The packing of the evidence should ensure safety against breakage contamination and
loss
 The marks in no case should come in contact with the packing material
 If the climate is humid and hot a tool or the mark on iron and steel articles may rust the
mark may get damaged

12. EVALUATION
 It is a tool mark examiner makes microscopic comparisons of the test tool mark and
questioned tool mark in order to match marking
 As is the case with fire arms examination tool mark examiner can reach one of three
conclusions
 Positive identification
 Negative identification
 inconclusive

13. IMPORTANCE
 Permanency
 Individuality
 Linkage
 reconstruction

14. REFERENCE
 Book B . R. Sharma of forensic science in criminal investigation
 Book by Max M Houck and Jay A Siegel
 Book by forensic science and its related issues

15. THANK YOU