GIT CRC 2010 Plus pictures.
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1. Colorectal cancer develops from adenomatous polyps through a series of genetic mutations over many years. Only about 1 in 20 polyps progress to cancer. 2. The two major hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes are familial adenomatous polyposis and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. People with a family history of colorectal cancer or polyps are also at higher risk. 3. Screening tests like colonoscopy can detect and remove polyps, preventing colorectal cancer. Regular screening is recommended for those over 50 or with a family history of colorectal cancer.
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Gi CRC 2011 pretest.
This document discusses colorectal cancer (CRC) and its precursors and hereditary syndromes. It covers topics like adenomatous polyps, genetic mutations involved in CRC development, hereditary CRC syndromes like familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), risk factors, screening methods, and prevention strategies. Colonoscopy is recommended as the preferred screening method as it allows both diagnosis and removal of adenomas.
CRC for 5th.
Colorectal cancer results from the accumulation of genetic mutations that progress from normal tissue to dysplastic adenomas to carcinoma over approximately 15 years. Patients with certain hereditary syndromes like familial adenomatous polyposis and hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer are at very high risk and require aggressive screening. Screening options for average risk patients include fecal occult blood testing, flexible sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy which can detect and remove precancerous polyps, reducing colorectal cancer incidence and mortality.
Molecular diagnostics of colorectal cancer
This document provides an outline for a presentation on colorectal cancer (CRC). It discusses the etiology, types, molecular pathogenesis and diagnosis of CRC. Key points include: CRC accounts for 9% of cancer deaths worldwide and arises through genetic and epigenetic changes. The main types are sporadic, inherited syndromes like Lynch syndrome, and familial CRC. Molecularly, CRC arises through chromosomal instability, mismatch repair defects, and epigenetic silencing. Important genes mutated include APC, KRAS, BRAF, p53 and DCC. Familial adenomatous polyposis and Lynch syndrome are inherited CRC syndromes associated with APC and mismatch repair gene mutations respectively.
Lynch syndrome
Lynch syndrome, also known as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), is caused by a germline mutation in mismatch repair genes and is associated with increased risks of colorectal, endometrial, ovarian and other cancers. The Amsterdam criteria and Bethesda guidelines provide guidance for diagnosing Lynch syndrome based on family history and age of cancer onset. Screening recommendations include annual endometrial biopsy and pelvic exams/ultrasounds to screen for endometrial and ovarian cancers starting at age 30-35 or 5-10 years before the earliest cancer in the family. Risk reducing surgery is recommended after childbearing.
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- Were you diagnosed with colon or rectal cancer before the age of 50?
- Was anyone in your family diagnosed with colon cancer before the age of 50?
- Was anyone in your family diagnosed with uterine (endometrial) cancer before the age of 50?
- Are there cancers across several generations on one side of your family?
If you answered YES to just one of these questions, it's time to talk turkey about Lynch syndrome.
Lynch syndrome is an inherited genetic mutation, and having it increases your chance of getting colorectal cancer to 80%. Unfortunately, nearly every person living with Lynch syndrome is completely unaware of it.
Lynch syndrome also puts you at higher risk for brain, breast, kidney, melanoma, ovarian, pancreas, small bowel, stomach, or uterine/endometrial cancers. Knowledge is power and will help your medical team act more aggressively with their screening measures.
Brian Mansfield, a music critic for USA Today, didn't know he had Lynch syndrome until he was diagnosed with colorectal cancer earlier this year at the age of 48. After his diagnosis, he began talking with his family about their health history, "then the family tree lit up like a Christmas tree." Brian is chronicling his journey through a weekly USA Today online column, "My Semicolon Life."
Join national patient advocacy group Fight Colorectal Cancer as we host Brian and his doctor, Dr. Bill Harb, a colorectal surgeon at Cumberland Surgical Associates, along with Associate Director of Human Genetics at Ohio State University Heather Hampel as they tell you more about Lynch syndrome and how to dig into the medical mystery that may be lurking within your family tree. With the holidays coming up, never has there been a more appropriate time to talk turkey...and Lynch syndrome.
**Fight Colorectal Cancer thanks Can't Stomach Cancer, the Colon Club, Kidney Cancer Association, Myriad Genetics, and Ovarian Cancer National Alliance for their assistance with this webinar.**
Oncology Introduction.
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Cancer genetics
Genetic testing and counseling can help determine cancer risk based on family history and genetic mutations. Most cancers are sporadic but 5-10% are hereditary due to inherited gene mutations. Genetic counselors use family histories and genetic tests to assess cancer risks, recommend screening, and provide counseling to relatives. While some cancers have clear high-risk genes, most have contributions from multiple common and rare variants, so interpretation requires expertise.
Recommended
Gi CRC 2011 pretest.
This document discusses colorectal cancer (CRC) and its precursors and hereditary syndromes. It covers topics like adenomatous polyps, genetic mutations involved in CRC development, hereditary CRC syndromes like familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), risk factors, screening methods, and prevention strategies. Colonoscopy is recommended as the preferred screening method as it allows both diagnosis and removal of adenomas.
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Colorectal cancer results from the accumulation of genetic mutations that progress from normal tissue to dysplastic adenomas to carcinoma over approximately 15 years. Patients with certain hereditary syndromes like familial adenomatous polyposis and hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer are at very high risk and require aggressive screening. Screening options for average risk patients include fecal occult blood testing, flexible sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy which can detect and remove precancerous polyps, reducing colorectal cancer incidence and mortality.
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Lynch syndrome
Lynch syndrome, also known as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), is caused by a germline mutation in mismatch repair genes and is associated with increased risks of colorectal, endometrial, ovarian and other cancers. The Amsterdam criteria and Bethesda guidelines provide guidance for diagnosing Lynch syndrome based on family history and age of cancer onset. Screening recommendations include annual endometrial biopsy and pelvic exams/ultrasounds to screen for endometrial and ovarian cancers starting at age 30-35 or 5-10 years before the earliest cancer in the family. Risk reducing surgery is recommended after childbearing.
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This is a detailed presentation about Colon Cancer awareness,
Includes etiology, clinical presentation and prevention strategy.
Nov 2012 Webinar: Lynch Syndrome
- Were you diagnosed with colon or rectal cancer before the age of 50?
- Was anyone in your family diagnosed with colon cancer before the age of 50?
- Was anyone in your family diagnosed with uterine (endometrial) cancer before the age of 50?
- Are there cancers across several generations on one side of your family?
If you answered YES to just one of these questions, it's time to talk turkey about Lynch syndrome.
Lynch syndrome is an inherited genetic mutation, and having it increases your chance of getting colorectal cancer to 80%. Unfortunately, nearly every person living with Lynch syndrome is completely unaware of it.
Lynch syndrome also puts you at higher risk for brain, breast, kidney, melanoma, ovarian, pancreas, small bowel, stomach, or uterine/endometrial cancers. Knowledge is power and will help your medical team act more aggressively with their screening measures.
Brian Mansfield, a music critic for USA Today, didn't know he had Lynch syndrome until he was diagnosed with colorectal cancer earlier this year at the age of 48. After his diagnosis, he began talking with his family about their health history, "then the family tree lit up like a Christmas tree." Brian is chronicling his journey through a weekly USA Today online column, "My Semicolon Life."
Join national patient advocacy group Fight Colorectal Cancer as we host Brian and his doctor, Dr. Bill Harb, a colorectal surgeon at Cumberland Surgical Associates, along with Associate Director of Human Genetics at Ohio State University Heather Hampel as they tell you more about Lynch syndrome and how to dig into the medical mystery that may be lurking within your family tree. With the holidays coming up, never has there been a more appropriate time to talk turkey...and Lynch syndrome.
**Fight Colorectal Cancer thanks Can't Stomach Cancer, the Colon Club, Kidney Cancer Association, Myriad Genetics, and Ovarian Cancer National Alliance for their assistance with this webinar.**
Oncology Introduction.
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Cancer genetics
Genetic testing and counseling can help determine cancer risk based on family history and genetic mutations. Most cancers are sporadic but 5-10% are hereditary due to inherited gene mutations. Genetic counselors use family histories and genetic tests to assess cancer risks, recommend screening, and provide counseling to relatives. While some cancers have clear high-risk genes, most have contributions from multiple common and rare variants, so interpretation requires expertise.
March 2016 Webinar - Lynch Syndrome & Hereditary Colorectal Cancer
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Category 1 includes those at average risk, with no family history of colorectal cancer or a single first degree relative diagnosed over age 55. Screening is a fecal occult blood test every 2 years starting at age 50.
Category 2 includes those with moderately increased risk, such as a first degree relative diagnosed under age 55 or two first or second degree relatives. Screening is colonoscopy every 5 years starting at age 50 or 10 years younger than the youngest family member's diagnosis.
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- Risk factors include H. pylori infection, smoking, low socioeconomic status, and diets high in salt/preserved foods.
- Diagnosis involves endoscopy with biopsy. Staging evaluates tumor invasion and metastasis using CT, PET, and laparoscopy.
- Surgery offering total or subtotal gastrectomy is the only curative option, while chemotherapy and radiation are palliative.
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1) The document discusses genetic colon cancer syndromes familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and Lynch syndrome (LS), providing definitions, terminology, guidelines, and case examples.
2) For FAP, it recommends monitoring for iron/B12 deficiencies annually in patients and considers chemoprevention with fish oil. For retained rectum in FAP, surveillance is every 6 months.
3) For LS, it states the emerging standard is universal microsatellite instability testing on all or most colon cancers to identify cases, rather than relying on clinical criteria alone.
Git CRC 4th 2012 abstract.
This document summarizes colorectal cancer (CRC) including its epidemiology, risk factors, hereditary syndromes, and screening. CRC is the third most common cancer and second leading cause of cancer death. Risk increases after age 50 and is higher in men and blacks. Hereditary syndromes like familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), Lynch syndrome (HNPCC), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) confer higher risk. Screening is recommended starting at age 50 or earlier for high-risk groups to detect pre-cancerous polyps. Colonoscopy allows removal of polyps to prevent cancer from developing over 10 years.
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Git Crc 2010 Lec
1. Colorectal cancer develops from adenomatous polyps over many years through the accumulation of genetic mutations in tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, and DNA repair mechanisms.
2. The major hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes are familial adenomatous polyposis and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, which are associated with mutations in the APC and DNA MMR genes respectively.
3. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease or a family history of colorectal cancer are at increased risk of developing colorectal cancer.
Git crc 4th 2012 abstract.
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer and second leading cause of cancer death. Risk factors include family history, inflammatory bowel disease, lifestyle factors like diet and physical activity levels. Screening is recommended starting at age 50 for average risk individuals and earlier for those with risk factors like family history of colorectal cancer or inflammatory bowel disease due to their higher risk. Precancerous polyps develop over 10 years prior to cancer which is the rationale for regular screening to detect and remove polyps early. Hereditary syndromes like FAP and HNPCC confer very high risk and require more intensive screening.
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This document discusses two case studies of patients presenting with polyposis and other features. The first case is a 45-year-old man who previously had colon polyps and jejunal adenocarcinoma. Genetic testing was negative for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). The second case details a family with a history of colon cancer and a brain tumor. Genetic testing found the patient has a constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD), also known as Turcot syndrome, caused by biallelic mutations in the PMS2 gene. CMMRD is characterized by colon polyps and brain tumors occurring at a young age. The document provides background on Turcot syndrome and compares the features
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- Gastric cancer has a poor prognosis with only 20% 5-year survival. Early diagnosis is key.
- Risk factors include H. pylori infection, smoking, low socioeconomic status, and diets high in salt/preserved foods.
- Diagnosis involves endoscopy with biopsy. Staging evaluates tumor invasion and metastasis using CT, PET, and laparoscopy.
- Surgery offering total or subtotal gastrectomy is the only curative option, while chemotherapy and radiation are palliative.
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This document discusses the etiology of cancer. It classifies etiological factors into extrinsic (chemical, physical, biological) and intrinsic (genetic, hormonal, immune) factors. Extrinsic factors predominate in causing adult cancers while intrinsic factors are more common in pediatric cancers. Major extrinsic factors include chemicals, radiation, infections, and tobacco. Chemicals can directly or indirectly damage DNA. Radiation can directly or indirectly ionize DNA. Certain viruses and bacteria are associated with specific cancer types. The interaction between multiple genetic and environmental factors usually leads to cancer development.
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This document provides an overview of common pediatric solid tumors, including definitions, epidemiology, etiology, types, symptoms and signs, staging, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis for each tumor type. The tumors discussed include lymphomas, nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor), neuroblastoma, hepatoblastoma, and hemangioma. For each tumor type, the summary defines the tumor, discusses prevalence and risk factors, describes common subtypes, and outlines the standard diagnostic and treatment approaches.
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1) The document discusses genetic colon cancer syndromes familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and Lynch syndrome (LS), providing definitions, terminology, guidelines, and case examples.
2) For FAP, it recommends monitoring for iron/B12 deficiencies annually in patients and considers chemoprevention with fish oil. For retained rectum in FAP, surveillance is every 6 months.
3) For LS, it states the emerging standard is universal microsatellite instability testing on all or most colon cancers to identify cases, rather than relying on clinical criteria alone.
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Similar to GIT CRC 2010 Plus pictures.
Git Crc 2010 Lec
1. Colorectal cancer develops from adenomatous polyps over many years through the accumulation of genetic mutations in tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, and DNA repair mechanisms.
2. The major hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes are familial adenomatous polyposis and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, which are associated with mutations in the APC and DNA MMR genes respectively.
3. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease or a family history of colorectal cancer are at increased risk of developing colorectal cancer.
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Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer and second leading cause of cancer death. Risk factors include family history, inflammatory bowel disease, lifestyle factors like diet and physical activity levels. Screening is recommended starting at age 50 for average risk individuals and earlier for those with risk factors like family history of colorectal cancer or inflammatory bowel disease due to their higher risk. Precancerous polyps develop over 10 years prior to cancer which is the rationale for regular screening to detect and remove polyps early. Hereditary syndromes like FAP and HNPCC confer very high risk and require more intensive screening.
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No one knows the exact causes of colon cancer and rectal cancer. Doctors often cannot explain why one person develops this disease and another does not.
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This document discusses pancreatic cancer. It begins with an overview of the epidemiology, risk factors, classification, clinical presentation, and diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer has a poor prognosis, with a median survival of 4-6 months. Risk factors include age, smoking, obesity, family history, and chronic pancreatitis. The vast majority (85%) are ductal adenocarcinomas. Symptoms often include abdominal or back pain, jaundice, and weight loss. Diagnosis involves imaging like CT or MRI along with blood tests and biopsy. Genetic testing helps determine underlying causes and guides treatment options.
Carcinoma Colon (large intestine ).pptx
This document provides information on carcinoma of the colon, including:
- Risk factors include red meat consumption, smoking, alcohol, certain medical conditions, and lack of protective factors like dietary fiber and aspirin.
- Most colorectal cancers develop through the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, where benign polyps transform into malignant carcinomas over time.
- Screening methods like colonoscopy can detect and remove precancerous polyps, reducing colorectal cancer incidence.
Colon cancer
Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. Risk factors include increasing age, family history, inflammatory bowel disease, lifestyle factors like obesity and smoking. Screening is recommended regularly beginning at age 50 to detect cancers early. Staging uses the TNM system and treatment depends on stage but commonly includes surgery along with chemotherapy and radiation for later stages. The document provides detailed information on epidemiology, risk factors, stages, diagnosis, treatment and screening guidelines for colorectal cancer.
Colorectal Cancer Awareness
Colorectal Cancer Awareness. Please feel free to contact with me by e-mail
fariduddinsardar@gmail.com
GiIT 4th CRC 2017.
- Screening and surveillance are recommended for CRC starting at age 50 to detect and remove precancerous polyps through colonoscopy.
Survivorship Issues Genetics 2016
This document discusses genetics implications for survivorship programs. It highlights identifying patients who were previously missed for genetic testing and may benefit from re-testing given advances in panel testing. It also reviews managing hereditary cancer risks and addressing the psychosocial issues patients face, such as making difficult medical decisions, informing relatives, and dealing with feelings of guilt. Survivorship programs can help such patients navigate these medical and familial implications.
Colo-rectal Carcinoma at a glance !!!
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the United States. The risk increases with age, with over 90% of cases being diagnosed in patients over 50 years old. Colorectal cancer can develop from pre-cancerous polyps through a process known as the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Genetic and environmental factors can contribute to the development of colorectal cancer. Staging systems such as Dukes staging and TNM staging are used to determine the prognosis and appropriate treatment.
GIT 4th CRC 2016.
1. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer and cancer-related mortality in men and women.
2. CRC carcinogenesis occurs primarily through two pathways: the adenoma-carcinoma sequence (85% of cases) and the serrated polyposis pathway (15% of cases).
3. Hereditary CRC syndromes like Lynch syndrome, Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP), and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) are associated with the highest risks of developing CRC.
C:\Fakepath\Screening For Crc2
Screening for colorectal cancer is important as early detection increases chances of surgical cure. Individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer are at higher risk, especially if the family history occurred before age 60. Colorectal cancer is among the top causes of cancer death in the US, though it is largely preventable if precancerous polyps are detected and removed early through regular screening. Screening guidelines from the CDC recommend annual fecal immunochemical tests, sigmoidoscopy every 5 years, or colonoscopy every 10 years for those over 50.
January 2015 CRCWebinar Inherited Syndromesl
At our October webinar we spent time reviewing the importance of family history. In this webinar, we will discuss genetic and familial syndromes that are specific to colorectal cancer. We will discuss what you might look for in your family history and think about implications for prevention and management of the colorectal cancer syndromes based on this information!
About our Speakers:
Lisa Ku, MS, CGC | Certified Genetic Counselor at the University of Colorado.
Lisen Axell, MS, CGC | Certified Genetic Counselor at the University of Colorado.
Colon cancer management
This document provides an overview of colon cancer, including its anatomy, epidemiology, risk factors, clinical features, screening, pathology, staging, diagnostic workup, treatment options, and management. Some key points include that colon cancer is the third leading cause of cancer deaths, adenocarcinoma makes up 98% of cases, and risk factors include age, diet low in fiber/high in fat, personal or family history, genetic factors, inflammatory bowel disease, and radiation exposure. Treatment involves surgery as the main treatment, with chemotherapy as an adjuvant for late stage or high-risk cases.
polyposis syndromes
This document discusses various types of colorectal polyps and polyposis syndromes. It begins by defining different types of colorectal polyps based on size, attachment, cellular architecture, and histological appearance. Larger polyps have a higher likelihood of harboring cancer. The main polyposis syndromes discussed are familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, and juvenile polyposis syndrome. FAP is characterized by hundreds of colonic polyps and a 100% risk of colon cancer. Management involves prophylactic colectomy and surveillance of other organs for extracol
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Git j club fiber in git20
Dietary fiber from whole foods like grains, legumes, vegetables, and fruits has demonstrated benefits for gastrointestinal (GIT) health. Isolated and extracted fibers also show promising regulatory effects on the gut and microbiome. However, fibers have varying physicochemical properties depending on their origin and processing that influence their functional characteristics and clinical applications. More research is needed, including well-designed randomized controlled trials, to determine which fiber sources, characteristics, doses and durations optimize GIT health benefits and manage gastrointestinal disorders. Combining fibers with different physiological effects may be a promising therapeutic strategy.
Med j club mm covid20
- Coronaviruses typically cause common colds but SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV can cause pneumonia, respiratory failure, and death. A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, emerged in Wuhan, China in late 2019 and caused a global pandemic.
- SARS-CoV-2 spreads mainly through respiratory droplets when people cough, sneeze or talk within 6 feet of each other. Asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic people are highly infectious.
- COVID-19 symptoms range from mild to critical illness. The elderly and those with pre-existing conditions are at higher risk for severe disease. Diagnosis involves PCR testing of respiratory samples.
GIT J Club IBD- sexual dysfunction20.
- Sexual dysfunction and infertility are more prevalent in men with IBD compared to the general population.
- Depression is the most consistent negative predictive factor of sexual function among men with IBD.
- Sulfasalazine can reversibly reduce male fertility, so it is recommended to discontinue 3-4 months prior to conception. Most other IBD medications do not significantly impact fertility.
- Men with IBD have an increased risk of prostate cancer and prostate cancer screening guidelines for higher risk patients should be followed.
GIT J Club IBD- pregnancy2020
The document summarizes a consensus clinical care pathway for women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who are considering pregnancy or are pregnant. The pathway was created by an expert multidisciplinary team representing multiple societies to provide standardized, evidence-based recommendations for gastroenterology and obstetric providers to ensure healthy pregnancies for women with IBD. It addresses the lack of consistent advice available previously by compiling available data on therapeutic options for IBD that have increased over the last 15 years and putting them into an easily accessible format for clinical practice.
Med 5th geriatrics20
This document provides an overview of geriatrics and common issues in caring for elderly patients. It discusses how biological age is more important than chronological age in clinical decision making. Frailty and disability are also addressed. Common geriatric problems like falls, delirium, incontinence and adverse drug reactions are examined in terms of presentation, evaluation, and management strategies. The importance of a comprehensive assessment, considering multiple comorbidities and functional status, is emphasized in developing treatment plans for elderly patients.
GIT 4th abd wall pain
Here are the answers to the CME questions:
1. b
2. e
3. a
4. b
5. d
6. b
7. Inguinal hernias
8. E
GIT 4th endoscopy indications20
Upper and lower GI endoscopies have diagnostic, therapeutic, and screening indications. For upper endoscopy, common diagnostic indications include dyspepsia in patients over age 60 or with red flags, upper GI bleeding, and dysphagia. Therapeutic uses include treatment of bleeding, removal of foreign bodies, dilation of strictures, and stenting. Screening is done for portal hypertension, Barrett's esophagus, eosinophilic esophagitis, and cancers. Lower endoscopy indications involve diagnostic evaluation of bleeding, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and screening of average-risk adults over 50 and high-risk groups. Therapeutic colonoscopy is used for polypectomy, bleeding treatment, and stricture dilation
GIT J Club from UEG Week 2018.
Dr. Hiwa Abubakir and Dr. Mohamed Alshekhani discuss the management of nonvariceal gastrointestinal bleeding. They recommend endoscopy within 24 hours, or earlier for high-risk patients, to identify and treat the bleeding source. A variety of endoscopic tools can be used for hemostasis, including injection of adrenaline combined with clips, bands, electrocautery, or laser coagulation. Newer tools like over-the-scope clips are best for high-risk or recurrent bleeders. Doppler probes help ensure complete vessel occlusion. Additional prothrombotic agents or interventions may be needed in some cases.
Med j club dm antithrombosis19
The document discusses antithrombotic strategies for patients with diabetes who are at risk of cardiovascular events. It proposes strategies for primary prevention, stable coronary artery disease, acute coronary syndromes, ischemic stroke, peripheral artery disease, atrial fibrillation, and venous thromboembolism. More aggressive antithrombotic therapies are associated with greater reduction in recurrent cardiovascular events for patients with diabetes. However, these strategies must be weighed against the risk of bleeding. Further clinical trials are still needed to better understand optimal antithrombotic treatment for cardiovascular patients with diabetes.
Git 4th GC18.
1) Gastric carcinoma is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with highest incidence in East Asia and parts of South America.
2) Risk factors include H. pylori infection, smoking, diet high in salted/preserved foods, and family history of gastric cancer.
3) Early detection through endoscopy in dyspeptic patients over 50 years old or with red flags can improve outcomes, as resection allows for potential cure in early gastric cancer confined to mucosa or submucosa.
GIT J Club IBS NEJM17.
This document summarizes guidelines for the diagnosis and management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). It defines IBS and its subtypes based on the Rome IV criteria. It recommends diagnosing IBS based on symptoms in the absence of alarm features or abnormal test results. Limited testing like fecal calprotectin can help distinguish IBS from inflammatory bowel disease. Treatment involves dietary changes, probiotics, antispasmodics, antidepressants, and targeted therapies depending on IBS subtype and predominant symptoms. For refractory cases, a multidisciplinary approach including psychological support may help manage persistent symptoms.
GIT 4th indication for upper GI endoscopy.
Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy has diagnostic, therapeutic, and screening indications. Diagnostically, it is used to detect diseases causing dyspepsia like gastric cancer, investigate upper GI bleeding, diagnose dysphagia, remove foreign bodies, assess GERD, detect esophageal varices, and diagnose celiac disease. Therapeutically, it treats upper GI bleeding, removes foreign bodies, dilates strictures, treats achalasia, places stents, treats GERD, eradicates Barrett's esophagus, inserts feeding tubes, and performs bariatric procedures. Screening indications include detecting Barrett's esophagus, portal hypertension, and cancers of the esophagus and stomach in high-risk patients
GIT Cholestatic AI HBD 17
The document discusses various autoimmune and cholestatic liver diseases including primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. It provides details on the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of these conditions. It also includes several multiple choice questions to test understanding of topics covered in the document.
Git j club colonoscopy mistakes.
1. The document outlines 19 potential mistakes that can occur during colonoscopy procedures. These include doing colonoscopies without proper indications or patient evaluation, failing to adequately prepare the colon, misdiagnosing conditions like ulcerative colitis or hemorrhoids, not performing important parts of the exam like ileal intubation or biopsies, and not adhering to quality standards. Addressing these issues can help improve safety, accuracy of diagnoses, and overall quality of colonoscopy.
GIT 4th ibd 2017
This document provides an overview of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. It discusses risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic testing, and treatment approaches. The main points are:
- IBD is characterized by idiopathic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two main types are ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
- Genetic and environmental factors contribute to risk. Smoking increases risk for Crohn's but decreases risk for ulcerative colitis.
- Symptoms vary based on disease location but may include abdominal pain, diarrhea, bleeding, weight loss, and nutritional deficiencies. Extraintestinal manifestations are more common with Crohn's.
GIT 4th IBS 2017
This document provides information on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), including its definition, diagnostic criteria, subtypes, differential diagnosis, evaluation, and management approaches. Some key points:
- IBS is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. It affects 10-15% of the population.
- Diagnosis is based on fulfilling the Rome symptom criteria, with subtyping based on predominant stool pattern. Additional testing is usually not needed in absence of alarm features.
- Treatment involves reassurance, dietary modifications, antispasmodics, laxatives/antidiarrheals based on subtype, and tricyclic antidepressants/SSRIs for refractory cases.
Ppi seminar hiwa.
This document discusses the classical and long-term indications for PPI use, including GERD, Barrett's esophagus, use with NSAIDs, use with anti-platelets, and non-ulcer dyspepsia. For GERD, guidelines recommend daily PPI for erosive esophagitis but intermittent PPI courses may be sufficient for many patients. For Barrett's esophagus, the absolute cancer risk reduction with daily PPI is low. For NSAID and anti-platelet users at high risk of bleeding, the benefits of daily PPI are well documented. Intermittent PPI courses are often sufficient for non-ulcer dyspepsia, though some patients may require long-
Ppi symposium araz.
This document discusses potential long-term side effects of PPI use including increased risk of dementia, chronic kidney disease, and fractures. It notes that the evidence for associations between PPI use and these conditions is not conclusive. The document advises using the lowest effective dose of PPIs for indicated conditions and avoiding long-term daily use when possible. It also stresses the importance of only prescribing PPIs for appropriate indications and discontinuing them when no clear benefit exists.
Ppi symposium muhsin
The document summarizes short-term side effects of PPIs (proton pump inhibitors), which are generally well tolerated. The most common side effects are headache, diarrhea, abdominal pain and nausea. Diarrhea appears to be related to acid suppression and the overall incidence is less than 5%, though it may be dosage and age related. PPIs are considered safe for short-term use and have similar safety profiles to H2 blockers. PPIs should be used cautiously in patients with liver disease.
Ppi symposium hero
HP infection is a common cause of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. When choosing treatment for HP infection, a patient's previous antibiotic exposure should be considered to determine the most effective regimen. For first-line treatment, clarithromycin triple therapy should only be used in areas with low clarithromycin resistance and in patients without prior macrolide exposure. Bismuth quadruple therapy or concomitant therapy with a PPI, clarithromycin, amoxicillin and metronidazole are better first-line options for most patients. Salvage regimens after first-line treatment failure should avoid previously used antibiotics and may include bismuth quadruple therapy or levofloxacin depending
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Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
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significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
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to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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- 1. Colorectal cancer (CRC): Dr.Mohammad Shaikhani. MBChB/CABM/FRCP .
- 14. Stratification of Colorectal Cancer Risk Lifetime Risk Risk Level High 100 % Presence of familial adenomatous polyposis 10% Presence of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer Moderate 20% Presence of chronic colitis due to ulcerative colitis or Crohn's colitis 10-20% Familial: First-degree relative with colorectal cancer Average (negative family history ) 5-6% >50 years of age
- 16. Factors Associated with the Development of CRC Protective Factors Risk Factors No family history of colorectal cancer or an inherited colorectal cancer syndrome Family history of colorectal cancer or an inherited colorectal cancer syndrome Birth in Asia or Africa Personal history of inflammatory bowel disease Diet high in fruits and vegetables * Birth in North America or Northern Europe Regular aerobic exercise Diet high in red meat, sucrose, fat Calcium and folate supplementation Physical inactivity Lack of dietary calcium and folate Obesity Smoking Excessive alcohol intake Cholecystectomy
- 18. Algorithm for screening for CRC
- 32. The Difference between a Normal Colon and a Colon with Cancer