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Gingelly
The document provides a comprehensive overview of sesame (Sesamum indicum), including its scientific classification, major growing areas, ecological requirements, and management practices. It discusses the advantages of growing sesame, such as its adaptability and profitability, as well as common pests and diseases affecting the crop. Additionally, it outlines the uses of sesame and constraints to its cultivation.
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Gingelly
- 1. Scientific classification Gingelly Kingdo Plantae m: (unrank Angiosp ed): erms (unrank Eudicot ed): s (unrank Asterids (Sesamum ed): Order: Lamiale indicum) s Family: Pedalia ceae Genus: Sesamu m Species : S. indicu m Group No: 02 Export Agriculture Degree Programme
- 2. Content Scientific classification Kingdo m: Plantae (unrank ed): Angiosp erms (unrank ed): Eudicot s (unrank ed): Asterids Order: Lamiale s Family: Pedalia ceae Genus: Sesamu m Species : S. indicu m • Introduction • Scientific classification • Major growing areas • Ecological requirement • Morphology • Varieties • Management practices • Pest and diseases • Uses • Advantages of growing sesame • Constraints
- 3. Introduction Scientific classification • Queen of oil seeds Kingdo Plantae • Contain approximately m: 50% oil and 25% (unrank Angiosp protein. ed): erms (unrank Eudicot ed): s • One of the oldest cultivated (unrank Asterids plants in the ed): world. Order: Lamiale s • Sesame oil contains Family: about Pedalia ceae 47% oleic and 39% linoleic acid. Genus: Sesamu m Species : S. indicu m
- 4. • Most ofwild species of the genus Sesamum Scientific are native to Africa south classification of the Saharan Kingdo Plantae m: • Sesame is grown in (unrank many Angiosp parts of the world ed): erms on over 5 million acres (unrank (Eudicot 20,000 km2) ed): s • The largest producers (unrank Asterids ed): of the crop in 2007 were India, China, Myanmar, Order: Lamiale s Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda and Nigeria Family: Pedalia ceae Genus: Sesamu • 70% -Grown in Asia m Species S. : indicu • 26% -Grown in Africa m
- 5. Scientific Classification Scientific classification Kingdom : Plantae Kingdo m: Plantae (unrank ed): Angiosp erms Order : Lamiales (unrank ed): Eudicot s (unrank ed): Asterids Family : Pedaliaceae Order: Lamiale s Family: Pedalia ceae Genus: Sesamu Genus : Sesamum m Species : S. indicu m Species : S.indicum
- 6. Major Growing Areas Scientific classification Kingdo m: Plantae (unrank ed): Angiosp erms (unrank ed): Eudicot s (unrank ed): Asterids Order: Lamiale s Family: Pedalia ceae Genus: Sesamu m Species : S. indicu m In the world; • China • India • Pakistan In Sri Lanka; • Jaffna • Anuradhapura • Pollonnaruwa • Wavniya
- 7. Ecological Requirement Scientific classification • Rainfall – A early stage 500mm-600mm Kingdo m: Plantae Can cultivate in both; (unrank ed): Angiosp erms Yala Maha (unrank ed): Eudicot s (unrank ed): Asterids • Soil condition – Well Order: drain; Lamiale Sandy loam soil s • T range of 25 - 27 0 C Family: encourages Pedalia ceae rapid germination initial growth Genus: Sesamu m and flower formation Species : S. indicu m
- 8. Morphology • Broadleafplant Scientific classification • An annual plant growing Kingdo Plantae m: to 50 to 100 cm tall (unrank Angiosp Flowers ed): erms (unrank ed): Eudicot s White to purple, (unrank tubular, Asterids 3 to 5 cm long, ed): with a four-lobed Order: mouth Lamiale s Fruit Family: Pedalia ceae Genus: Sesamu Deeply grooved capsule m that contains 50 to Species 50 to 100 or more seeds : S. indicu m
- 9. Root Tap rootsystem Scientific classification Leaves Kingdo Plantae m: Varied shapes, either oval (unrank or Angiosp lanciolate and fluffy ed): erms on both sides (unrank Eudicot ed): s Seed (unrank Asterids ed): • Capsules are 1 to 1 1/Order: 2 inches Lamiale long, with 8 rows s of seeds in each capsule Family: Pedalia ceae • Seeds are small and vary Genus: Sesamu in color. m • Lighter colored seeds Species are S. : indicu considered higher higher quality m
- 10. Varieties Variety Colourof seed Oil content Maturation Scientific classification Kingdo m: Plantae (unrank ed): Angiosp erms (unrank ed): Eudicot s (unrank ed): Asterids Order: Lamiale s Family: Pedalia ceae Genus: Sesamu m Species : S. indicu m period MI 1 Black 45% 85 days MI 2 Black 45% 85 days MI 3 White 48-49% 80-85 days
- 11. Other Varieties Scientific classification Kingdo m: Plantae (unrank ed): Angiosp erms (unrank ed): Eudicot s (unrank ed): Asterids Order: Lamiale s Family: Pedalia ceae Genus: Sesamu m Species : S. indicu m Variety of Colour of seed Maturation period Harvest Uma White 70-75 days 700kg/ha Malee Brown 80-85 days 650kg/ha
- 12. Land preparation Scientific • Sesame seeds are very classification small and sensitive to Kingdo Plantae tilth of the soil m: (unrank Angiosp ed): erms • Should be weed free and well leveled for sowing (unrank ed): Eudicot s (unrank ed): Asterids Order: Lamiale s Family: Pedalia ceae Genus: Sesamu m Species : S. indicu m
- 13. Management Practices Thinnedout Scientific classification When plants having 3-4 leaves Kingdo m: Plantae (unrank ed): Angiosp erms (unrank ed): Eudicot s (unrank ed): Asterids Order: Lamiale s Family: Pedalia ceae Genus: Sesamu m Species : S. indicu m Fertilizing Kg/ha Urea TSP MOP Basal dressing 50 120 60 Top dressing 60 - -
- 14. Scientific classification Kingdo m: Plantae (unrank ed): Angiosp erms (unrank ed): Eudicot s (unrank ed): Asterids Order: Lamiale s Family: Pedalia ceae Genus: Sesamu m Species : S. indicu m Weed Control • Within 1st month of planting • Weeding-after 2weeks of planting • Remove/thin out excess plants • After 4weeks again can do weeding Mulching in sesame cultivation
- 15. Scientific classification •Mature between 3-4 months Kingdo Plantae m: • Bottom seeds ripening (unrank first Angiosp ed): erms • Capsules shattering to (unrank shed Eudicot their seeds is a ed): s problem in harvesting (unrank Asterids ed): Order: Lamiale • Plants are cut to a height s of 10-15 cm or Family: Pedalia uprooted before capsules ceae are fully ripened Genus: Sesamu m Species : S. indicu m Harvesting
- 16. The optimum timefor harvesting is when: Scientific classification • The first, lowest capsules turn brown and Kingdo Plantae begin to pop open m: (unrank Angiosp • The stem turns ed): yellow erms (unrank Eudicot • The leaves begin ed): to s fall off (unrank Asterids • Blossoming has ed): Order: finished Lamiale s • The leaves have Family: turned Pedalia yellow ceae Genus: Sesamu m Species : S. indicu m
- 17. Processing Scientific classification • To prevent sand been Kingdo mixed Plantae spread the seeds m: on magal or polythene (unrank Angiosp ed): erms • Remove the separated (unrank Eudicot seeds and clean them ed): s and store them (unrank Asterids ed): Order: Lamiale s Family: Pedalia ceae Genus: Sesamu m Species : S. indicu m
- 18. Major Problem Scientific classification • About 99% of the Gingelly grown in the Kingdo Plantae world is harvested m: (manually unrank Angiosp ed): erms • Because the capsules (unrank Eudicot shatter when they dry ed): s down (unrank Asterids ed): • Gingelly pods that Order: open Lamiale and the seed fall s down Family: Pedalia ceae Genus: Sesamu m Species : S. indicu m
- 19. Further more…… Scientific classification Kingdo m: Plantae (unrank ed): Angiosp erms (unrank ed): Eudicot s (unrank ed): Asterids Order: Lamiale s Family: Pedalia ceae Genus: Sesamu m Species : S. indicu m Crop duration 80-85 days Seed rate Broadcasting – 7kg/ha Row seeding – 5kg/ha Time of planting Yala season – Mid March- Early April Maha season – At early October Seeding and spacing Space between two rows – 30cm Space between two plants – 15 cm
- 20. Major Pests inGingelly Scientific classification Kingdo m: Plantae (unrank ed): Angiosp erms (unrank ed): Eudicot s (unrank ed): Asterids Order: Lamiale s Family: Pedalia ceae Genus: Sesamu m Species : S. indicu m • Sesame gall midge (Asphondylia sesami) • Spider mites (Tetranychus spp.) • Whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) • Cut worm (Agrotia spp.) • Aphids
- 21. Other Pests •Devil grasshopper (Diabolocatantops Scientific axillaries) classification Kingdo m: Plantae (unrank ed): Angiosp erms • Army worm (Helicoverpa fletcheri) (unrank ed): Eudicot s (unrank ed): Asterids • Green stink bug (Nezara viridula) Order: Lamiale s Family: Pedalia • Bean weevil (Callosobruchus ceae analis) Genus: Sesamu m Species : S. indicu m • Sesame webworm (Antigastra catalaunalis) • Sesame flea beetle (Alocypha bimaculata)
- 22. Major Diseases inGingelly Scientific classification Kingdo m: Plantae • Leaf spot (Pseudomonas syringe) (unrank ed): Angiosp erms (unrank ed): Eudicot s (unrank ed): Asterids Order: Lamiale s Family: Pedalia ceae •Fusarium wilt (Fusarium Genus: Sesamu oxysporum) m Species : S. indicu m
- 23. • Charcoal rot(Macrophomina phaseolina) Scientific classification Kingdo m: Plantae • Powdery mildew (Oidium crysiphoides & (unrank ed): Angiosp erms Sphaerotheca fuluginea) (unrank ed): Eudicot s (unrank ed): Asterids • Blight or Black shank (Phytopthora nicolianae) Order: Lamiale s Family: Pedalia ceae Genus: Sesamu m Species : S. indicu m
- 24. Advantages Of GrowingSesame • An adaptable crop grown Scientific classification in arid/semi-arid regions Kingdo Plantae m: (unrank ed): Angiosp erms (unrank ed): Eudicot s • Offers more potential return for less cost than (unrank Asterids other crops ed): Order: Lamiale s Family: Pedalia ceae • Can be more profitable Genus: Sesamu with limited resources m than other crops using the same level of resources Species : S. indicu m • Excellent drought and heat tolerance
- 25. • Has shownexcellent disease and insect tolerance Scientific classification Kingdo m: Plantae (unrank ed): Angiosp erms • Grows well in no-till and results in mellow soil (unrank Eudicot with residue that allows ed): uniform s planting (unrank ed): Asterids Order: Lamiale s Family: Pedalia ceae Genus: Sesamu m Species : S. indicu m
- 26. Uses Scientific classification Confectioneries and other food items Kingdo m: Plantae (unrank ed): Angiosp erms (unrank ed): Eudicot s (unrank ed): Asterids Order: Lamiale s Family: Pedalia ceae Genus: Sesamu m Species : S. indicu m
- 27. Scientific classification Kingdo m: Plantae (unrank ed): Angiosp erms (unrank ed): Eudicot s (unrank ed): Asterids Order: Lamiale s Family: Pedalia ceae Genus: Sesamu m Species : S. indicu m • Vegetable oil • Body massage • Hair treatment • Drug manufacturing • Agrochemical manufacturing • Soap manufacturing • Worship
- 28. Constraints in GingellyCultivation Scientific classification Kingdo m: Plantae • Cultivation of low yielding (unrank Angiosp dehiscent varieties ed): erms with low harvest index (unrank values Eudicot ed): s • Significant yield loss (unrank during Asterids threshing ed): Order: Lamiale • Lack of agricultural inputs, s improved varieties Family: Pedalia • Lack of appropriate storage ceae facilities Genus: Sesamu m Species : S. indicu m
- 29. Group Members Scientific classification Kingdo m: Plantae • M.J.Infaz (unrank Angiosp UWU/EAG/11/0020 ed): erms • R.A.D.S Rupasinghe (unrank Eudicot UWU/EAG/11/0024 ed): s • Y.S.M.M.P Yallarawa (unrank Asterids ed): UWU/EAG/11/0029 Order: Lamiale s Family: Pedalia ceae Genus: Sesamu m Species : S. indicu m
- 30. THANK YOU! Scientific classification Kingdo m: Plantae (unrank ed): Angiosp erms (unrank ed): Eudicot s (unrank ed): Asterids Order: Lamiale s Family: Pedalia ceae Genus: Sesamu m Species : S. indicu m