The diaphragm is a C-shaped musculotendinous structure that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities. It has right and left hemidiaphragms and is divided into peripheral, sternal, costal, and lumbar regions. The crura arise from the lumbar vertebrae and the diaphragm has openings for structures like the esophagus and inferior vena cava. The inguinal region is located in the lower anterior abdominal wall near the pubic tubercle and ASIS. It contains the inguinal canal which passes between internal and external rings. During development, the testes descend through the inguinal canal in men while only the round ligament

1. Diaphragm
Inguinal Region
Davit Makasarashvili, MD

2. Overview
• C-shaped musculotendinous structure
that separates the thoracic cavity from the
abdominal cavity
• Forms a dome between the two cavities
• Divided into a right and left
hemidiaphragm; however, the diaphragm
is a continuous structure.
• .
Structure
The right hemidiaphragm is
higher than the left due to the
presence of the liver

3. Overview
• Peripheral muscular
region
• Sternal part
• Costal part
• Lumbar part
• Central tendinous
region (white)
Structure

4. Overview
Structure
• The two crura of the diaphragm
arise from the lumbar vertebrae
(L1–L3).
Function
• Separates the thoracic cavity
from the abdominal cavity
• Key muscle of inspiration

5. Thoracic and Abdominal Surfaces

7. Overview
Structures passing
through the diaphragm

8. Aortic Hiatus

10. Esophageal Hiatus

11. Caval Hiatus
The caval opening is a hiatus in the diaphragm
of humans through which passes the inferior
vena cava, the wall of which is adherent to the
margins of the opening, and some branches of
the right phrenic nerve.

13. Inguinal Region
• Inguinal canal Extends between the deep (internal)
and superficial (external) ring
• Roof (superior): internal oblique and transversus
abdominis muscles
• Floor (inferior): inguinal ligament (shelving edge of
external oblique) and lacunar ligament (medially)
• Posterior wall: transversalis fascia laterally; conjoint
tendon medially
• Anterior wall: external oblique aponeurosis and
internal oblique muscle laterally

14. The inguinal region of the body, also known as the
groin, is located on the lower portion of the anterior
abdominal wall, with the thigh inferiorly, the pubic
tubercle medially, and the anterior superior iliac
spine (ASIS) superolaterally.

15. Inguinal Region

16. The inherent weakness in the anterior abdominal
wall in the groin is caused by changes that occur
during the development of the gonads

17. Inguinal Region

19. Inguinal Region
• In women, the ovaries descend into the pelvic cavity and
become associated with the developing uterus. Therefore, the
only remaining structure passing through the inguinal canal is
the round ligament of the uterus, which is a remnant of the
gubernaculum
• In men, as the testes descend, the testes and their accompanying
vessels, ducts, and nerves pass through the inguinal canal and are
therefore surrounded by the same fascial layers of the abdominal
wall. Testicular descent completes the formation of the spermatic
cord in men.

20. The End