Presentation by Mr. João Gilberto Lotufo, Director, National Water Agency (ANA), Brazil

1. WATER-ENERGY-FOOD
NEXUS IN BRAZIL
AN OVERVIEW
November 2014
João Gilberto Lotufo Conejo
ANA – National Water Agency

2.  5,565 municipalities - in 27
States
 160.9 million inhabitants in
urban areas (2010 Census):
84% of the total population
 Area : 8.51 million km2
 Federal Constitution (1988):
BRAZIL
“Art. 21. The Federal Government is
responsible for establishing a
national water resources
management system and defining
criteria for water permits”

3. THE NATIONAL WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM -
SINGREH
• Institutional complexity:
– Different levels and organizations;
– River basin x territorial/economical borders.
• Double dominion of water: states and federal
• The role of ANA in the System:
– Implementation of the National Water Resources Policy;
– Management of federal rivers.

4. WATER
ENERGY FOOD
Background conditions:
• Huge dimensions and
diversity
• A lot of water
• A lot of land
• A lot of energy
• High Urban population
growth
• High Demand for
infrastructure
• Changing conditions
THE BRAZILIAN NEXUS

5. Higher Water Availability
Lower Water Demand
Lower Water Availability
Higher Water Demand
Source: ANA, 2014
UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION OF
WATER AND POPULATION
 Surface water availability:
around 91,000 m³/s (Q95)
 Groundwater availability:
4,090 m³/s
 Total water withdrawal: 2,373
m³/s
 Total water consumption:
1,212 m³/s
68
3
7
45
18
77
29
15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
North Northeast South
Water Resources Land Area Population
N
NE
S

6. Hydrographic Region
Satisfactory
Qualitative
Quantitative
Quali-Quantitative
Critical Situation Classification
WATER BALANCE
River basins with higher
water stress

7. WATER SUPPLY
 58% of the
municipalities (3,235)
use mainly surface
sources
 42% of the
municipalities (2,330)
use mainly groundwater
Water Availability (m3/s)
Up to 0,008
0,008 to 1
1 to 10
10 to 100
100 to 500
>500
 45% of the
municipalities present
satisfactory water
supply systems
 55% of them need
investment (US$ 8.8B)
22%
9%
WITHDRAWAL CONSUMPTION

8.  Hydro generation is
dominant (77%)
 Increase of 40,000 MW in
the next Decade
Quadrilateral of reservoirs : concentrates about
70% of the storage capacity
Total Installed Capacity
> 120,000 MW
BRAZILIAN ELECTRICITY:
A Hydro National
Interconected System

9. IRRIGATION IN BRAZIL
 Irrigated land(2012) – 5.8M ha
 Total potential - 30M ha
(less than 20% is exploited)
54%
72%
WITHDRAWAL CONSUMPTION
Quadrilateral
of reservoirs

10. ENERGY
WATER
SUPPLY
CITIES
FOOD
THE WATER CHALLENGE
Highly
dependent
on water
Biggest water
consumption
Increasing
urbanization
Demands high
quality and security;
Pollution source
ASSIMETRICAL
CAPABILITIES
planning;
organization;
funding

11. THE NEXUS PERSPECTIVES
AND CHALLENGES
• irrigated land and water demand
• urban supply demand
• demand for hydroenergy
• uncertanty on water availability
(climate change and variations)
• water security
• investiment in infrastructure for
water reservation
• investiment on rational water use
• RECONCILING WATER USE CONFLICTS AND LOCAL x NATIONAL INTERESTS
• COORDINATION OF SECTORAL PLANNING AND ACTIONS WITH THE WATER AGENDA

12. www.youtube.com/anagovbrwww.twitter.com/anagovbr
Thank you!
JOÃO GILBERTO LOTUFO CONEJO
Director
jglotufo@ana.gov.br | (+55) (61) 2109 –5451
www.ana.gov.br