The document provides an overview of German unification under Otto von Bismarck in the late 1800s. It describes how Bismarck, as Prime Minister of Prussia, was able to engineer conflicts and wars that united the German states under Prussian leadership, culminating in the establishment of the German Empire in 1871 with Wilhelm I as Kaiser. Bismarck skillfully manipulated border disputes and manufactured diplomatic insults to provoke wars with Denmark, Austria, and France that increased Prussian power over the region.

1. AND NOW FOR MORE NOTES!!!! Help! Help! We are being Oppressed!

2. German Unification Loose confederation forms in 1815 with Prussia and Austro-Hungarian Empire as the dominant states Prussia in a better position to lead All Germans so nationalism unite Stronger army

3. German Unification Revolt in 1848 forces a liberal constitution in Prussia Wilhelm I strong-minded and looking to reform Drew from conservative Junker base Wanted to reform and double the army Parliament would not fund

4. German Unification Otto von Bismarck Conservative chosen as Prime Minister Master of Realpolitick Politics of reality Tough power politics No idealism

5. German Unification Could not persuade parliament Declared he would rule without the consent of parliament and without a legal budget Aligned with Austria to attack Denmark for Schleswig and Holstein Quick victory increases Prussian nationalism

6. German Unification Prussia controls Schleswig and Austria Holstein Hoping this will lead to turmoil he can use Border conflicts with Austria between Schleswig and Holstein Austria declares war on Prussia in 1866 Seven Weeks’ war Prussia Annexes more territory Eastern and Western Prussia united for first time

7. German Unification Control Northern Germany Southern Germany resists rule by Prussia South predominately Catholic and Prussia Protestant Outside threat would allow Bismarck to gain control

8. German Unification War with France Manufactures an insulting telegram France declares war on Prussia Takes Napoleon III prisoner 1871 Wilhelm I crowned Kaiser (Emperor) and the Second Reich begins

9. Art Evolution Baroque or not? The Crowning with Thorns 1602-03 Oil on canvas,178 x 125cm Cassa di Risparmi, Prato

10. Baroque or Not

11. Romanticism Nature Thoughts and Feelings of individuals Mysterious or supernatural Glorified heroes Idealized the past Promoted radical change

12. Realism Straightforward True to the subject Life-like Captures the moment Increased political importance of the working class

13. Impressionism Light, spontaneous way of painting Began in France Reaction to realism

14. The Industrial Revolution In small groups read pgs 253-257 and answer the following questions What were enclosures? What was the most important new agricultural technique? How did it work? Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England? What were the advantages G.B. had? List and describe the major inventions in textiles and transportation How will these new inventions change the way of life for the people of Britain?