The document provides background information on several topics related to post-World War 2 geopolitics, including the formation of Israel, Palestinian statehood, and ongoing conflicts between Israel and its Arab neighbors. It discusses the British mandate over Palestine after WWI, the UN partition plan that created Israel in 1948, and subsequent wars like the Six Day War of 1967 and Yom Kippur War of 1973. It also outlines diplomatic efforts like the Camp David Accords and Oslo Accords that sought peace agreements.

1. The World After the Cold War Russian Break Up Colonies around the World Formation of Israel

2. Review Questions Who was Khrushchev? What were some problems faced in African independent movement? What were some problems faced by Southeast Asian independence? List at least three things you know about the creation of Israel and its relationship with Palestinians today.

3. Palestine and Israel 3,000 years of conflict over the area of the world that is now Israel What is the definition of Zionist? People who favor a Jewish national homeland in Palestine Britain asked to watch over Palestine after WWI to get it ready for independence

4. British Uneasiness The Palestinians fear the growing number of Jewish individuals living in the area The Jewish people ask for their own nation in the same territory Britain does not believe the two groups can live together peacefully and do not want to lose support of either side Britain calls for a partition of the country to ensure peace

5. United Nations Gets Involved After WWII Britain turns over the issue to the United Nations The United Nations recommends partition on the state Jewish State and Palestinian State Jerusalem to be an international city owned by both All Arab States vote against the proposal but still passes the UN General Assembly Israel officially created on May 14, 1948

6. Conflicts in the Middle East From the beginning the nation of Israel has been faced with conflicts with its Arab neighbors Day after its creation Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and Syria invade the country Strong American support allows Israel to win within months

7. Israel Seizes Palestine Palestinian portion of the partition never comes into being Israel seizes much of the land designated for the Palestinian state Egypt took the Gaza Strip Jordan seized the West Bank

8. Continued Conflict 1956 Suez Crisis Egypt seizes the Suez Canal in 1956 which was ordered by President Nasser US and British agree to provide air support to the Israelis who march on the Canal and quickly defeated the Egyptians International community forces Israel and the

9. Continued Conflict Six-Day War Nasser threatens Israel in a speech Israel strikes at the air bases of Egypt, Syria, Iran, and Jordan Ground invasion success Lost 800 troops to the Arabs 15,000 Took the old city of Jerusalem, Sinai Peninsula, The Golan Heights, and the West Bank Buffer zones for the Israelis

10. Continued Conflict 1973 War or the Yom Kippur war Anwar Sadat now the president of Egypt Israel caught by surprise and initially suffers loss of land and casualties Counter-attack launched where Israel regains most of the land Cease Fire signed after several weeks of fighting but not a peace agreement

11. The Olive Branch 1977 Sadat offers peace to Israel if Israel would agree to give up the lands it took in 1967 from Egypt, Jordan, and Syria Jimmy Carter jumps at the opportunity to gain some stability in the region Camp David Accords Egypt recognizes Israelis right to exist and Israel returns the Sinai Peninsula

12. Palestinian Demands for Statehood Originally the Palestinians were promised a state by the UN as well which never materialized and Israel occupied their land Israel begins to establish settlements in Palestinian lands in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank

13. Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) Led by Yasar Arafat Military wing of PLO conducts armed resistance operations against the Israelis Israel begins bombing any suspected PLO stronghold in towns Invades Lebanon in 1982 to knock out strongholds

14. Peace Talks Finally in 1991 the two sides meet face to face for a series of peace talks International opinion swayed by civil disobedience and NOT the military operations of the PLO An agreement for Israeli withdraw and Palestinian rule of the Gaza Strip and West Bank was signed in 1993 between Sharon and Rabin Rabin Assassinated in 1995 Withdrawal process slow and complicated by Israeli Prime Ministers who were against the plan

15. Activity Read Chapter 19 Section 1 and answer the following questions What were the steps towards democracy that each country took? Who were the important leaders? What kind of obstacles did the countries face on their road towards democracy?

16. Russia and the Unholy Trinity

17. Collapse of the Soviet Union Politburo- ruling committee of the communist party Who were the two leaders of USSR since Stalin’s death? Mikhail Gorbachev placed in power The Politburo looking for mild reform Gorbachev had not lived through the Stalin Era and was open to new ideas

18. Collapse of the Soviet Union What is Glasnost? Openness Encouraged soviets to discuss how to improve their society Churches open Released political dissidents Unbanned books Open press investigates and criticizes government

19. Collapse of the Soviet Union What is Perestroika? Economic restructuring Allowed for local managers of farms and small private businesses (restored profit motive)

20. Collapse of the Soviet Union What is Democratization? Gorbachev introduces plan to slowly open the political system Elections of a new legislative body Lists of candidates for each office which led to part bosses losing elections and reformists gaining political power

21. Collapse of the Soviet Union Escape from East Germany… vacationers paradise No reforms in Eastern Germany 1989 Hungary who was well on its own way to democracy allowed vacationing East Germans to enter into Austria Freedom for those who could afford the trip East Germany closes its borders entirely to try and stop the flood of emigrants

22. Collapse of the Soviet Union Fall of the Wall (1989) Huge protests break out all over the country Police refuse to break up the protests Leader forced to resign power Egon Krenz new leader of Eastern Germany and believes he can restore order by allowing people to leave Eastern Germany

23. Germany Reunified Within months the Communist Party in Eastern Germany ceased to exist as corruption and scandal were discovered New leadership moves towards democracy and reunification of the country Process begins in 1994 Economy serious obstacle Unified and back on track as of today