Many researches and studies were conducted by me between 1980-1987 with the aim of inventing a system with many intentions &aspirations that should be used at the higher governments &research institutes levels and also even lower common people &small laboratories levels for geological studies &researches and explorations &predictions to use the earth’s surface&underground for public purpose. After conducting several researches &studies. I proposed and designed a system named Geoscope in 1987 with the intention of developing with many revolutionary proposals. This is not what Buckminster had proposed in 1962 and similar so many architectures in the name of Geoscope. My proposal is completely different, having many revolutionary proposals, intended to study the earth’s underground and surface for public purposes. Hence, kindly recognize me as the originator of the Geoscope &National Geoscope Projects in lieu of considering the immense efforts &sacrifices I have did for Geoscope &National Geoscope Projects and my quest to establish &implement it all over the world regions &countries to serve the world people with enormous services just like to take and keep the entire underground to be under the control of Geoscope to study the underground mysteries; explore the underground resources; predict the geological hazards; create artificial underground waters by attracting the sea waters to the underground areas of deserts through the layers by electro-ionization; create artificial rains by attracting the vaporized sea waters to the desert plains through the sky by geo-magnetizing atmosphere when the weather is surrounded by water molecules during the trough of low pressure areas, create artificial storms and making them our control by moving desert planes and pour rains; restore and recreate people in past by images that are preserved in the earth’s magnetic field by new technology Geo-Machine etc by constantly studying the Geoscope mission. Many researches &studies have been conducted by me on the Geoscope system. It has done more developments by world scientists in the future..
Earth Science is the study of the planet Earth and its processes. It includes four main areas: geology, meteorology, oceanography, and astronomy. Geology studies Earth's composition and structure. Meteorology examines the atmosphere and weather. Oceanography analyzes Earth's oceans. Astronomy applies knowledge of Earth materials to understand other planets. Earth scientists seek to understand climate change, locate resources, and protect the environment from human impacts.
Earth science encompasses the study of Earth and its neighbors in space. It includes geology, oceanography, meteorology, and astronomy. The document discusses theories of Earth's formation from a rotating nebula, its layered structure including the crust, mantle and core, and its major spheres - the hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere and geosphere. It also describes plate tectonics, methods of representing Earth's surface including latitude, longitude, maps and topographic maps, the concept of Earth as a complex, interacting system, environmental problems facing the planet, and the scientific method of gathering facts, formulating hypotheses and testing theories.
The document summarizes 7 branches of earth science:
1. Hydrology is the study of water on Earth including the hydrologic cycle, water resources, and sustainability. Hydrologists work in fields related to earth science.
2. Oceanography studies the ocean, including organisms, currents, geology of the sea floor, and chemical/physical properties within and across ocean boundaries.
3. Geology is the study of the solid Earth, the rocks it is composed of, and how they change over time. Geology provides evidence for plate tectonics and past climates.
The document discusses space agriculture and growing crops in space. It provides background on the need for space farming to supply food for long space missions. It then describes various space farming experiments and systems over the past 40 years, including those on Russian space stations Salyut and Mir, as well as current systems on the International Space Station. Challenges of the microgravity environment are discussed. Key aspects of designing plant growth systems for space such as lighting, nutrient delivery, and environmental control are covered. The document provides an overview of the history and current state of space agriculture research.
The document discusses Earth science and the Earth system. It defines Earth science as the study of the Earth's interior, rocks, soil, atmosphere and oceans. It explains that Earth science today focuses on the connections between these different parts. Heat from the Earth's interior and radiation from the sun provide energy for Earth's processes. The Earth system consists of four major interconnected parts: the atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere and biosphere.
This document summarizes the origin of the Earth through an analysis of the oldest rocks. It discusses how the Earth formed 4.5 billion years ago based on evidence from meteorites. The oldest rocks on Earth are found in Western Australia and date to 4.4 billion years old. Evidence from these ancient rocks suggests there was liquid water on Earth as early as 4.3-4.4 billion years ago. One of the key locations discussed is the Napier Complex in East Antarctica, which contains some of the oldest rocks on Earth that date back 3.3 billion years.
The document discusses the history and development of astronomy. It describes early models of the universe including the geocentric and heliocentric models proposed by ancient Greeks like Ptolemy. Copernicus later concluded that the sun was at the center of the solar system. Kepler discovered the elliptical orbits of planets and Galileo made important astronomical observations with his telescope. Newton then formulated the law of universal gravitation. The document also discusses the motions of Earth and the moon and features of the lunar surface like craters and maria.
Earth science involves the study of Earth's interior, rocks, soil, atmosphere, oceans, and space. It examines the connections between these different parts of Earth and how energy from the interior and sun drive Earth's processes. Understanding Earth science helps predict natural hazards and know how to farm effectively. Modern technology allows scientists to better view and map Earth through satellites, planes, deep sea vehicles and other methods to explore the integrated Earth system, which includes the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, geosphere, and anthroposphere interacting together.
Earth Science is the study of the planet Earth and its processes. It includes four main areas: geology, meteorology, oceanography, and astronomy. Geology studies Earth's composition and structure. Meteorology examines the atmosphere and weather. Oceanography analyzes Earth's oceans. Astronomy applies knowledge of Earth materials to understand other planets. Earth scientists seek to understand climate change, locate resources, and protect the environment from human impacts.
Earth science encompasses the study of Earth and its neighbors in space. It includes geology, oceanography, meteorology, and astronomy. The document discusses theories of Earth's formation from a rotating nebula, its layered structure including the crust, mantle and core, and its major spheres - the hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere and geosphere. It also describes plate tectonics, methods of representing Earth's surface including latitude, longitude, maps and topographic maps, the concept of Earth as a complex, interacting system, environmental problems facing the planet, and the scientific method of gathering facts, formulating hypotheses and testing theories.
The document summarizes 7 branches of earth science:
1. Hydrology is the study of water on Earth including the hydrologic cycle, water resources, and sustainability. Hydrologists work in fields related to earth science.
2. Oceanography studies the ocean, including organisms, currents, geology of the sea floor, and chemical/physical properties within and across ocean boundaries.
3. Geology is the study of the solid Earth, the rocks it is composed of, and how they change over time. Geology provides evidence for plate tectonics and past climates.
The document discusses space agriculture and growing crops in space. It provides background on the need for space farming to supply food for long space missions. It then describes various space farming experiments and systems over the past 40 years, including those on Russian space stations Salyut and Mir, as well as current systems on the International Space Station. Challenges of the microgravity environment are discussed. Key aspects of designing plant growth systems for space such as lighting, nutrient delivery, and environmental control are covered. The document provides an overview of the history and current state of space agriculture research.
The document discusses Earth science and the Earth system. It defines Earth science as the study of the Earth's interior, rocks, soil, atmosphere and oceans. It explains that Earth science today focuses on the connections between these different parts. Heat from the Earth's interior and radiation from the sun provide energy for Earth's processes. The Earth system consists of four major interconnected parts: the atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere and biosphere.
This document summarizes the origin of the Earth through an analysis of the oldest rocks. It discusses how the Earth formed 4.5 billion years ago based on evidence from meteorites. The oldest rocks on Earth are found in Western Australia and date to 4.4 billion years old. Evidence from these ancient rocks suggests there was liquid water on Earth as early as 4.3-4.4 billion years ago. One of the key locations discussed is the Napier Complex in East Antarctica, which contains some of the oldest rocks on Earth that date back 3.3 billion years.
The document discusses the history and development of astronomy. It describes early models of the universe including the geocentric and heliocentric models proposed by ancient Greeks like Ptolemy. Copernicus later concluded that the sun was at the center of the solar system. Kepler discovered the elliptical orbits of planets and Galileo made important astronomical observations with his telescope. Newton then formulated the law of universal gravitation. The document also discusses the motions of Earth and the moon and features of the lunar surface like craters and maria.
Earth science involves the study of Earth's interior, rocks, soil, atmosphere, oceans, and space. It examines the connections between these different parts of Earth and how energy from the interior and sun drive Earth's processes. Understanding Earth science helps predict natural hazards and know how to farm effectively. Modern technology allows scientists to better view and map Earth through satellites, planes, deep sea vehicles and other methods to explore the integrated Earth system, which includes the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, geosphere, and anthroposphere interacting together.
Austin Journal of Earth Science an open access, peer reviewed, and scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles in all areas of geology and related technology in the exploration and utilization of earth resources . Austin Journal of Earth Science provides an open access platform that deals with the origin, structure, physical phenomena of earth and its parts and influence of disasters.
Austin Journal of Earth Science is with focus on geosciences community of scholars and researchers focusing on the emerging trends and the most recent research results in the areas of earth science.
The document discusses different fields of Earth science. Geology is the study of the solid Earth and the forces that have shaped it over time. Oceanography studies Earth's oceans, their chemistry, and life forms. Meteorology examines Earth's atmosphere and weather. Astronomy observes celestial objects like stars and galaxies beyond Earth. Environmental science analyzes Earth's environments and resources, and how human activities impact them.
This document discusses the concept of uniformitarianism in geology. It provides:
1) A definition of uniformitarianism as the doctrine that geological processes acted in the same manner in the past as they do today.
2) A brief history of the development of uniformitarianism from James Hutton in 1785 to its popularization by Charles Lyell.
3) Key principles of uniformitarianism, including that geological processes occurred gradually over long periods of time rather than through catastrophic events, and that the present state of the Earth provides insight into its past.
The document describes the four major branches of Earth science: geology, oceanography, meteorology, and astronomy. It provides examples of what each branch studies, such as volcanologists and seismologists in geology, and physical, biological, geological, and chemical oceanographers. It also lists some related interdisciplinary fields that rely on Earth science, such as environmental science, ecology, geochemistry, and cartography.
Mcas earth's history weathering solar moon seasons short 2012lryan61
The document provides an overview of Earth's history and space science topics for the MCAS Science Review. It discusses how the Earth's surface is changed by slow processes like erosion and weathering and by rapid processes like landslides and earthquakes. It also addresses concepts about the solar system like what it is, where Earth is located within our solar system, and how the Earth revolves around the sun and rotates on its axis, in addition to how the moon's appearance changes throughout the month.
This document outlines 9 fundamental concepts in geomorphology. It introduces geomorphology as the description and interpretation of earth's landforms. Some key concepts discussed are:
- The principle of uniformitarianism, which states that geological processes have operated consistently over time, though intensities may have varied.
- Geological structure strongly influences landform evolution and is reflected in topography.
- Individual geomorphic processes leave distinctive imprints and develop characteristic landform assemblages.
- Landforms develop through successive stages as erosional processes act on the earth's surface over time.
- Most of the world's topography developed during the Pleistocene and is influenced by past geological and climatic changes.
Geomorphology is the study of landforms and the processes that shape them. It is a branch of physical geography that analyzes relief features at different dimensions and scales. Relief features are organized into three orders based on size: first order includes continents and ocean basins shaped by plate tectics; second order consists of structural landforms like mountains and plateaus formed by constructional forces; third order comprises micro-level erosional and depositional landforms developed on second order features by exogenic processes like rivers and glaciers. Process geomorphology examines specialized subfields defined by the dominant shaping process, such as fluvial, glacial, coastal and karst landforms.
Soil is the biologically active, porous medium that develops below the land surface as a result of interactions between the atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere. It consists of mineral and organic components, air and water. The pedosphere refers to the envelope where soils occur and soil formation processes are active. Soils form through weathering of parent materials like rock and consist of horizontal layers called horizons that differ in properties. The pedon is the three-dimensional unit of soil.
This document provides an overview of environmental geology and its relationship to humans and the environment. It discusses how geology studies the Earth's processes and materials. Environmental geology focuses on solving problems that arise between humans and the environment, such as natural hazards and resource issues. It also examines population growth trends, carrying capacity, sustainability, and case studies like Easter Island that demonstrate the impact of human activities on the environment over time.
The document discusses the solar system from a broader perspective. It provides details on the formation of the solar system based on the nebular hypothesis, including how planets formed from a rotating cloud of gas and dust. It also describes the different types of objects in the solar system such as the terrestrial and gas planets, asteroids, comets, and Pluto. Additionally, it discusses theories for the origin of the Moon and evidence that Mars once had liquid water on its surface.
This document provides an introduction to earth sciences by Zainal Abidin from SMAN 3 Bandar Lampung on July 27, 2014. It discusses key concepts in earth sciences including the hydrosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. It emphasizes that earth sciences study the interactions between these spheres and treat the earth as an integrated system using principles from various disciplines. Contact information is provided for the author.
Geography class 11(Fundamentals of Physical Geography) Shivam Kapri
This file is made form NCERT class 11 book titled "Fundamental of Physical Geography". Will be of help to students and for competitive exam preparations.
This document provides an introduction to the field of geoscience/geology. It discusses key topics like the formation of rocks through igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic processes. It also covers plate tectonics theory and how the motion of tectonic plates generates earthquakes. The objectives of the course are to understand rock and mineral formation, Earth's structure and composition, sea floor spreading via plate tectonics, landforms, and natural hazards like earthquakes.
This document provides an overview of different topics in earth science. It discusses the four main branches of earth science as meteorology, astronomy, geology, and oceanography. It also provides descriptions of specific topics within those branches, such as the study of the atmosphere and weather in meteorology and the study of the ocean in oceanography. It compares and contrasts astronomy and meteorology. Additionally, it discusses tools used in meteorology like weather balloons and satellites. Finally, it touches on topics in earth science like the structure of the earth's crust consisting of plates and the percentage of the earth covered by water.
Geology is the study of the Earth, including its composition and structure, the processes that act on it and the history of life it contains. Some of the key topics in geology are the layers within the Earth, different rock types, geological timescales, volcanoes, earthquakes, fossils, mountains, rivers, lakes, oceans, deserts and glaciers. Geology examines the formation and distribution of rocks, minerals, fossils and natural resources along with the natural hazards that can impact human civilization.
Geomorphology is the scientific study of landforms and the processes that shape them. It evolved from a descriptive field focused on classifying landforms to a more quantitative science that treats landforms as complex systems and studies the processes that create and change them, such as plate tectonics, weathering, erosion, and deposition. Geomorphologists seek to understand past and current shaping of the Earth's surface through observation, experimentation, and modeling.
5 life on earth and life beyond (astronomy)Jimmica Demiar
This document discusses life on Earth and the possibility of life beyond Earth. It covers the major phases in the history of the universe from the formation of galaxies and stars to the emergence of life and human civilization. It also discusses theories of chemical and biological evolution on Earth and the potential for alternative biochemistries to develop on other worlds. The document notes that life exists with certainty only on Earth but that the building blocks of life are widespread in the universe. It explores possibilities for detecting signs of extraterrestrial intelligence through radio communication.
This document summarizes the invention and proposed implementation of G.R. Irlapati's Geoscope, which aims to provide early warning of earthquakes. It describes the Geoscope as involving the construction of observatories over deep boreholes to monitor geo-physical and chemical changes underground. Three levels of Geoscope centers are proposed - local, regional, and central - to collect and analyze data across earthquake zones and provide warning to authorities. Simple and elaborate Geoscope models are outlined involving monitoring light emissions or electro-geopulses in boreholes to detect seismic changes up to a day before quakes.
This document provides an overview of an introductory earth science course. It outlines course logistics, objectives, and topics including what geology is, practical applications, and the differences between physical and historical geology. It also briefly describes the origin of the universe, solar system, and Earth as well as plate tectonics theory and how it explains Earth's internal processes and dynamics.
GEOLOGY FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING. Introduction to Engineering Geology.pdfJohnCarloEdejer
This document provides an overview of an introductory geology course for civil engineers. It outlines the course goals, which include developing critical thinking skills and a basic understanding of geological concepts and principles relevant to civil engineering. It describes the course structure, including required textbooks, lectures, exercises, exams and grading. Key topics that will be covered are also listed, such as the formation of mountains, continents and geological structures. Finally, it discusses the important relationship between geology and civil engineering for infrastructure projects.
Austin Journal of Earth Science an open access, peer reviewed, and scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles in all areas of geology and related technology in the exploration and utilization of earth resources . Austin Journal of Earth Science provides an open access platform that deals with the origin, structure, physical phenomena of earth and its parts and influence of disasters.
Austin Journal of Earth Science is with focus on geosciences community of scholars and researchers focusing on the emerging trends and the most recent research results in the areas of earth science.
The document discusses different fields of Earth science. Geology is the study of the solid Earth and the forces that have shaped it over time. Oceanography studies Earth's oceans, their chemistry, and life forms. Meteorology examines Earth's atmosphere and weather. Astronomy observes celestial objects like stars and galaxies beyond Earth. Environmental science analyzes Earth's environments and resources, and how human activities impact them.
This document discusses the concept of uniformitarianism in geology. It provides:
1) A definition of uniformitarianism as the doctrine that geological processes acted in the same manner in the past as they do today.
2) A brief history of the development of uniformitarianism from James Hutton in 1785 to its popularization by Charles Lyell.
3) Key principles of uniformitarianism, including that geological processes occurred gradually over long periods of time rather than through catastrophic events, and that the present state of the Earth provides insight into its past.
The document describes the four major branches of Earth science: geology, oceanography, meteorology, and astronomy. It provides examples of what each branch studies, such as volcanologists and seismologists in geology, and physical, biological, geological, and chemical oceanographers. It also lists some related interdisciplinary fields that rely on Earth science, such as environmental science, ecology, geochemistry, and cartography.
Mcas earth's history weathering solar moon seasons short 2012lryan61
The document provides an overview of Earth's history and space science topics for the MCAS Science Review. It discusses how the Earth's surface is changed by slow processes like erosion and weathering and by rapid processes like landslides and earthquakes. It also addresses concepts about the solar system like what it is, where Earth is located within our solar system, and how the Earth revolves around the sun and rotates on its axis, in addition to how the moon's appearance changes throughout the month.
This document outlines 9 fundamental concepts in geomorphology. It introduces geomorphology as the description and interpretation of earth's landforms. Some key concepts discussed are:
- The principle of uniformitarianism, which states that geological processes have operated consistently over time, though intensities may have varied.
- Geological structure strongly influences landform evolution and is reflected in topography.
- Individual geomorphic processes leave distinctive imprints and develop characteristic landform assemblages.
- Landforms develop through successive stages as erosional processes act on the earth's surface over time.
- Most of the world's topography developed during the Pleistocene and is influenced by past geological and climatic changes.
Geomorphology is the study of landforms and the processes that shape them. It is a branch of physical geography that analyzes relief features at different dimensions and scales. Relief features are organized into three orders based on size: first order includes continents and ocean basins shaped by plate tectics; second order consists of structural landforms like mountains and plateaus formed by constructional forces; third order comprises micro-level erosional and depositional landforms developed on second order features by exogenic processes like rivers and glaciers. Process geomorphology examines specialized subfields defined by the dominant shaping process, such as fluvial, glacial, coastal and karst landforms.
Soil is the biologically active, porous medium that develops below the land surface as a result of interactions between the atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere. It consists of mineral and organic components, air and water. The pedosphere refers to the envelope where soils occur and soil formation processes are active. Soils form through weathering of parent materials like rock and consist of horizontal layers called horizons that differ in properties. The pedon is the three-dimensional unit of soil.
This document provides an overview of environmental geology and its relationship to humans and the environment. It discusses how geology studies the Earth's processes and materials. Environmental geology focuses on solving problems that arise between humans and the environment, such as natural hazards and resource issues. It also examines population growth trends, carrying capacity, sustainability, and case studies like Easter Island that demonstrate the impact of human activities on the environment over time.
The document discusses the solar system from a broader perspective. It provides details on the formation of the solar system based on the nebular hypothesis, including how planets formed from a rotating cloud of gas and dust. It also describes the different types of objects in the solar system such as the terrestrial and gas planets, asteroids, comets, and Pluto. Additionally, it discusses theories for the origin of the Moon and evidence that Mars once had liquid water on its surface.
This document provides an introduction to earth sciences by Zainal Abidin from SMAN 3 Bandar Lampung on July 27, 2014. It discusses key concepts in earth sciences including the hydrosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. It emphasizes that earth sciences study the interactions between these spheres and treat the earth as an integrated system using principles from various disciplines. Contact information is provided for the author.
Geography class 11(Fundamentals of Physical Geography) Shivam Kapri
This file is made form NCERT class 11 book titled "Fundamental of Physical Geography". Will be of help to students and for competitive exam preparations.
This document provides an introduction to the field of geoscience/geology. It discusses key topics like the formation of rocks through igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic processes. It also covers plate tectonics theory and how the motion of tectonic plates generates earthquakes. The objectives of the course are to understand rock and mineral formation, Earth's structure and composition, sea floor spreading via plate tectonics, landforms, and natural hazards like earthquakes.
This document provides an overview of different topics in earth science. It discusses the four main branches of earth science as meteorology, astronomy, geology, and oceanography. It also provides descriptions of specific topics within those branches, such as the study of the atmosphere and weather in meteorology and the study of the ocean in oceanography. It compares and contrasts astronomy and meteorology. Additionally, it discusses tools used in meteorology like weather balloons and satellites. Finally, it touches on topics in earth science like the structure of the earth's crust consisting of plates and the percentage of the earth covered by water.
Geology is the study of the Earth, including its composition and structure, the processes that act on it and the history of life it contains. Some of the key topics in geology are the layers within the Earth, different rock types, geological timescales, volcanoes, earthquakes, fossils, mountains, rivers, lakes, oceans, deserts and glaciers. Geology examines the formation and distribution of rocks, minerals, fossils and natural resources along with the natural hazards that can impact human civilization.
Geomorphology is the scientific study of landforms and the processes that shape them. It evolved from a descriptive field focused on classifying landforms to a more quantitative science that treats landforms as complex systems and studies the processes that create and change them, such as plate tectonics, weathering, erosion, and deposition. Geomorphologists seek to understand past and current shaping of the Earth's surface through observation, experimentation, and modeling.
5 life on earth and life beyond (astronomy)Jimmica Demiar
This document discusses life on Earth and the possibility of life beyond Earth. It covers the major phases in the history of the universe from the formation of galaxies and stars to the emergence of life and human civilization. It also discusses theories of chemical and biological evolution on Earth and the potential for alternative biochemistries to develop on other worlds. The document notes that life exists with certainty only on Earth but that the building blocks of life are widespread in the universe. It explores possibilities for detecting signs of extraterrestrial intelligence through radio communication.
This document summarizes the invention and proposed implementation of G.R. Irlapati's Geoscope, which aims to provide early warning of earthquakes. It describes the Geoscope as involving the construction of observatories over deep boreholes to monitor geo-physical and chemical changes underground. Three levels of Geoscope centers are proposed - local, regional, and central - to collect and analyze data across earthquake zones and provide warning to authorities. Simple and elaborate Geoscope models are outlined involving monitoring light emissions or electro-geopulses in boreholes to detect seismic changes up to a day before quakes.
This document provides an overview of an introductory earth science course. It outlines course logistics, objectives, and topics including what geology is, practical applications, and the differences between physical and historical geology. It also briefly describes the origin of the universe, solar system, and Earth as well as plate tectonics theory and how it explains Earth's internal processes and dynamics.
GEOLOGY FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING. Introduction to Engineering Geology.pdfJohnCarloEdejer
This document provides an overview of an introductory geology course for civil engineers. It outlines the course goals, which include developing critical thinking skills and a basic understanding of geological concepts and principles relevant to civil engineering. It describes the course structure, including required textbooks, lectures, exercises, exams and grading. Key topics that will be covered are also listed, such as the formation of mountains, continents and geological structures. Finally, it discusses the important relationship between geology and civil engineering for infrastructure projects.
This document discusses how satellite observations over the past 50 years have revolutionized the field of earth sciences. It describes how early satellite missions taught scientists not only about the earth but how to improve satellite technology. Precise measurements from satellites have enabled major advances in understanding plate tectonics, topography, seismology and more. The ubiquity of GPS has provided vital data on phenomena like sea level change, earthquakes and volcanoes. Open data policies have maximized the benefits of earth observations.
Geophysical exploration uses physical methods to measure subsurface properties without sampling. It includes passive methods that measure natural fields like gravity and magnetism, and active methods using artificial sources like seismic surveys. Seismic surveys involve generating seismic waves, including faster P-waves and slower S-waves, from sources like explosions. These waves travel through and reflect off subsurface interfaces to reveal information about geological structures and detect hydrocarbon deposits like oil and gas. Geophysical surveys are a low-cost exploration technique used to find new reserves and guide further exploration activities.
1) The document discusses how advanced satellite and airborne technologies can enhance mineral and resource exploration by providing data about hard to access areas below the earth's surface.
2) It argues that modern explorers are not fully utilizing these technologies and instead rely too heavily on outdated seismic methods and on-the-ground exploration, resulting in higher costs and more unsuccessful exploration attempts.
3) The author believes advanced technologies should be incorporated routinely into pre-exploration surveys in order to identify high-potential areas and avoid wasting resources on low-potential areas.
Marine geophysics uses quantitative measurements of physical properties to understand seafloor and sub-seafloor geology. It uses both active and passive sensors to measure seafloor shape, hardness, and sub-seafloor structures. Geophysics embraces the study of the internal constitution of the Earth, oceans, atmosphere and outer space. Oceanographers can be geophysicists by studying oceanic processes, biological/chemical/physical characteristics of oceans, and interactions with atmospheric and geological environments. Common geophysical methods include potential fields (gravity, magnetics), wave propagation (seismic, radar), and diffusive fields (electrical, heat flow) which are used for resources exploration, boundary delineation, navigation safety, and
Geology is the study of the Earth, including its composition, structure, physical properties, history and the processes that shape it. The document outlines several key branches of geology, including economic geology, mining geology, petroleum geology, engineering geology, environmental geology, geochemistry, geomorphology, geophysics, historical geology, hydrogeology, mineralogy, paleontology, petrology, structural geology, sedimentology, stratigraphy and volcanology. Each branch deals with different aspects of the Earth and geological processes. Engineering geology specifically applies geological knowledge to civil engineering projects regarding construction materials, site selection, and safe design and construction.
Basic concepts of Engineering geology from various books and internet images, which will be helpfull to many civil, petroleum and mining engineering students at basic level.
The document summarizes several major discoveries of the last decade across various fields:
1) In space exploration, satellites have mapped the Earth and exoplanets in high detail, and the first image of a black hole was captured in 2019.
2) Underwater exploration has continued to map ocean topography and discover new species, as well as historical sites like an underwater Italian village found in 2021.
3) Important biological breakthroughs include decreasing cancer mortality through precision medicine and immunotherapy, developing exoskeletons to help the disabled walk, and discovering mealworms' ability to break down plastics in 2015.
This document provides an introduction to the field of geomorphology. It defines geomorphology as the study of landforms and the processes that create them. Some key points made in the document include:
- Geomorphology examines both the natural physical features of the Earth's surface like mountains, valleys, and river deltas, as well as the processes that form and modify these landforms over various temporal and spatial scales.
- There are two main approaches in geomorphology - historical geomorphology, which focuses on the evolution of landscapes over time, and process geomorphology, which examines the mechanics of geomorphic processes.
- Geomorphology is relevant to fields like geology, engineering, archaeology and
This document provides an introduction to geomorphology. It defines geomorphology as the study of landforms and the processes that create them. It discusses different landforms seen on Earth's surface like mountains, hills, and river valleys. It explains that landforms are shaped by natural physical processes involving movement of materials. The document also outlines different tools and techniques used in geomorphological studies, like satellite images, digital models, and dating methods. It discusses various applications of geomorphology and reasons for its importance, including contributions to fields like geology, engineering, archaeology and more. Finally, it introduces different concepts in geomorphology like the geomorphic cycle, historical vs process approaches, and endogenic and exogenic forces.
Geology is the study of the Earth, including its composition, structure, physical properties, history and the processes that shape it. It involves studying topics like the origin and age of the Earth, its internal structure, various surface features and how they evolve and change over time. Geology has many branches that study different aspects like physical geology, geomorphology, mineralogy, petrology, economic geology, geochemistry, geophysics, hydrogeology, mining geology, engineering geology and more. Civil engineers and geologists work closely together in areas like planning, designing and constructing major civil engineering projects to ensure their safety, stability and cost-effectiveness by understanding the geological conditions and properties of the construction site and materials.
Geology is the study of the Earth, including its composition, structure, physical properties, history and the processes that shape it. It involves studying topics like the origin and age of the Earth, its internal structure, various surface features and how they evolve and change over time. Geology has many branches that study different aspects like physical geology, geomorphology, mineralogy, petrology, economic geology, geochemistry, geophysics, hydrogeology, mining geology, engineering geology and more. Civil engineers and geologists work closely together in areas like planning, designing and constructing major civil engineering projects to ensure their safety, stability and cost-effectiveness by understanding the geological conditions and properties of the construction site and materials.
Engineering Geology is a 3 credit course that involves lectures, tutorials, and field practice. The scope of engineering geology is the application of geology to solve problems in civil engineering projects related to construction, water resource development, and town planning. A brief history of the formation of the Earth and crust is provided, including how the early Earth cooled and formed igneous rocks, water condensed to form oceans, and sedimentary rocks accumulated over time through weathering and deposition.
This document provides an overview of engineering geology and its scope. It discusses how geology relates to civil engineering projects in areas like construction, water resource development, and town planning. Key points covered include:
- Engineering geology deals with applying geology principles to safe and economic design of civil engineering projects.
- Geological maps, hydrological maps, and topographical maps are important for planning projects.
- Geological characteristics like bedrock, mechanical properties, and seismic activity influence project design.
- Geological knowledge aids in quality control of construction materials and sensitive construction areas.
- Geology is relevant for water resource exploration, development, and the water cycle understanding.
- Land utilization and regional planning requires considering natural geological features and
This document summarizes an academic presentation on applications of geophysical survey methods, including:
- Gravity surveys can be used to explore for hydrocarbons, study regional geology, locate mineral deposits, and monitor volcanoes. They help determine density variations underground.
- Magnetic surveys detect variations in the Earth's magnetic field to map archaeological artifacts, locate buried infrastructure like pipes and tanks, explore for ores and fossil fuels, and study tectonics and geology.
- Electrical resistivity surveys measure subsurface resistivity variations to detect archaeological features, map groundwater, and identify contaminant plumes or unstable ground conditions.
- Seismic surveys use acoustic impulses to image underground rock layers for applications like
Geology is the study of the Earth, including its composition, structure, physical properties, history and processes. It includes disciplines like mineralogy, petrology, geomorphology, paleontology, stratigraphy, geochemistry, geophysics and oceanography. Geology has many applications and is important for understanding Earth's processes, evaluating natural resources, managing the environment, assessing geologic hazards, and other areas. The key branches of geology are physical geology, historical geology, mineralogy, petrology, economic geology, engineering geology, paleontology, and environmental geology. Geology plays an important role in mining, engineering, scientific development and other fields through applications like resource evaluation, site selection, and hazard assessment.
Earth Science is a major Subject of life. Earth Science encompasses hundreds of branches. Geology is the scientific study of the all constituents of planets, their internal and external forms and processes. More precisely, it is the study of nature, structure and history of the planet. Earth is the home to all life, well known to the humankind. Geology, itself, is a major part of The Earth and atmospheric sciences, which were born as twins . The subject of geology encompasses all aspects including the composition, structure, physical properties, and history of a planets'( like Earth's) inter-related components and the processes that are shaping the features on the surface.
Similarities between gravity and magnetics and application of different geoph...Jyoti Khatiwada
The document discusses similarities and differences between gravity and magnetic geophysical survey methods. Some key similarities are that both measure naturally occurring fields of the Earth (gravity and magnetic), both use identical physical and mathematical representations, and data acquisition/reduction/interpretation are similar. Key differences include magnetic susceptibility varying more than density, magnetic forces can be attractive or repulsive while gravity is always attractive, and the magnetic field is time-dependent unlike gravity.
Gangadhara Rao Irlapati invented the Indian Monsoon Time Scale in 1991 to study patterns in the Indian monsoon over time. The time scale arranges chronological weather events on a graphic scale between time and weather. It allows researchers to analyze how the monsoon and rainfall have changed in the past, present and potentially the future. The document then discusses how low pressure systems that influence the monsoon are recorded on the time scale and how this allows tracking monsoon movements over different decades. Alternating periods of more and less frequent weak monsoons and droughts/floods over around 3-4 decades are also noted when analyzing information from the time scale alongside rainfall data from 1871-2015.
The document discusses the Indian Monsoon Time Scale, which was invented by the author to help study patterns in the Indian monsoon over time. The time scale charts weather data and monsoon events over 139 years in a graphical scale. It is intended to help analyze the past, present, and future movements of the Indian monsoon and its relationship to rainfall and weather problems. The author submitted a report on the time scale to the Indian government in 1991 recommending further research, but it is still under consultation with researchers.
Gangadhara Rao Irlapati invented the bioforecast effect in 1965 by observing biolumicells. The bioforecast effect can help forecast weather changes 18 days in advance by analyzing daily observations of biolumicells on the eye and comparing to later weather reports. In 1991, high biolumicell counts from April 7-11 correctly predicted a cyclone on April 28 that caused significant damage in Bangladesh.
1) The document describes the Western North Pacific monsoon time scale, which is a chronological sequence of weather events arranged by time to study the past, present, and future movements of the Western North Pacific monsoon.
2) It discusses how to prepare the time scale with 365 days from March to March and record weather data pertaining to monsoon seasons on the scale by year.
3) Analyzing long-term time scales can reveal patterns in the monsoon and its relationship to rainfall and natural disasters over time.
The document discusses the West African Monsoon Time Scale, which is a chronological sequence of events arranged in a scale to study the past, present, and future movements of the West African Monsoon and its relationship to weather patterns. It describes how the scale is prepared with 365 horizontal days marked and main weather events pertaining to the monsoon season noted for each year. Maintaining this scale continuously would allow analysis of the monsoon's relationship to rainfall, weather problems, and natural calamities in the region over time.
The document discusses the southwest monsoon in India, which occurs from July to September and is driven by heating of the land. It proposes creating a southwest monsoon time scale to chronicle weather events and monsoon patterns over many years in order to better understand relationships between the monsoon and rainfall. Key aspects of the proposed time scale are outlined, including the data to incorporate and how analyzing it could reveal insights into past and future monsoon behavior.
This document describes the development of a time scale to study the Southeast Asian monsoon. It explains that the time scale charts major weather events in the monsoon region over many years, allowing analysis of patterns in the monsoon's movement and relationship to rainfall. A sample model time scale for India from 1888-2016 is provided as an example. The time scale is intended to reveal insights about past, present and future behavior of the Southeast Asian monsoon and its impacts.
This document discusses the South Asian monsoon time scale, which is a chronological sequence of events arranged in time to study the South Asian monsoon's past, present, and future movements and its relationship to rainfall and weather patterns. It involves creating a graphic scale from March 21st to the following March 20th with the main weather events of each year related to the monsoon season. Studying this time scale can reveal patterns in the monsoon and help predict natural calamities related to rainfall. The document provides an example of such a time scale created for India from 1888 to 2016.
The document discusses the South American Monsoon Time Scale, which is a chronological scale used to study the past, present, and future movements of the South American Monsoon and its relationship to rainfall and weather events. It describes how the time scale is prepared with 365 days from March to March and how weather events are recorded on the scale by date. Analyzing the time scale can reveal patterns in the monsoon and help understand links between the monsoon and rainfall or natural disasters over time.
The document discusses the development of a South African Monsoon Time Scale to study the South African monsoon. It describes how the scale would be prepared with 365 horizontal days to track weather events over years. Main weather events pertaining to the monsoon season would be recorded on the scale. Creating and managing the scale continuously would allow analysis of the past, present and future movements of the South African monsoon and its relationship to weather problems and natural calamities in the region.
The document discusses the Northern Australian Monsoon Time Scale, which is a chronological sequence of events arranged to study the past, present, and future movements of the Northern Australian Monsoon and its relationship to rainfall and weather patterns. It describes how to prepare the time scale with weather events from March 21 to the following March 20 for each year. Studying the time scale can reveal patterns in monsoon pulses, droughts, floods and how the monsoon impacts natural calamities over time. The document requests that scientists continue further research on the Northern Australian Monsoon Time Scale.
The document discusses the North African monsoon time scale, which is a chronological sequence of weather events arranged on a scale to study past, present, and future patterns of the North African monsoon. Variations in the strength of the North African monsoon have been found to be strongly related to the 23,000-year orbital cycle. The scale is prepared with 365 horizontal days to track weather events each year and analyze relationships between the monsoon and rainfall or natural disasters over time. Studying the scale can reveal secrets about the monsoon's movements and impacts.
The document discusses the Northeast Monsoon time scale over peninsular India. It occurs from October to December and brings most of the rainfall to eastern parts of South India. The onset of the Northeast Monsoon is typically around October 20th, with some variability of about a week on either side. The document then provides details on how to construct a Northeast Monsoon time scale by recording weather events on a calendar scale to analyze patterns in monsoon rainfall and relationship to weather problems over many years.
The document describes the North American monsoon and provides details on its timing, affected areas, and key aspects to consider when creating a North American monsoon time scale. The monsoon typically occurs between June and September, bringing moisture from the Gulf of California and Gulf of Mexico to areas like Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. Creating a time scale that tracks weather events throughout the monsoon season could help study patterns in rainfall and other impacts over time.
The document discusses the Mexican Monsoon Time Scale, which is a chronological sequence of events arranged in a scale to study the past, present, and future movements of the Mexican Monsoon and its relationship to weather patterns. The scale is prepared with 365 horizontal days to track weather events each year. Studying the scale over many years can reveal patterns in monsoon rainfall, droughts, floods, and other weather phenomena in northwestern Mexico and the southwestern US. The document provides examples of how similar time scales have been used to study the Indian Monsoon and its impacts.
The document discusses the Maritime Continent monsoon time scale, which is a chronological sequence of weather events arranged by time to study the past, present, and future movements of the Maritime Continent monsoon and its relationship to rainfall. The scale is prepared with 365 horizontal days to record main weather events each year. Studying the scale continuously over time can reveal patterns in the monsoon and how it relates to weather problems and natural disasters in the region.
The document describes the Malaysian-Australian Monsoon Time Scale, which is a chronological sequence of weather events arranged on a scale to study patterns in the Malaysian-Australian Monsoon. It involves creating a graphic scale with 365 days to map weather data over years. Studying patterns on the time scale can reveal relationships between the monsoon and rainfall/natural disasters. The document provides an example of a time scale created for the Indian Monsoon over 128 years to analyze monsoon paths and rainfall trends.
The document describes the Indo-Australian Monsoon Time Scale, which is a chronological scale used to study the past, present, and future movements of the Indo-Australian Monsoon and its relationship to weather patterns. It involves creating a scale with 365 days to record weather events each year related to the monsoon. Analyzing long-term data on the scale can reveal patterns in monsoon activity, rainfall levels, and natural disasters over different periods. The document provides details on constructing the time scale and using it to better understand the Indo-Australian Monsoon system.
The document describes the basics of creating a European Monsoon Time Scale, which is a chronological scale used to study the past, present, and future movements and impacts of the European Monsoon. It involves recording weather events on a 365-day scale over many years to identify patterns. Examples from an Indian Monsoon Time Scale show clusters of low pressure systems and rainfall trends that correlated to the monsoon's movement over time. The document advocates creating a similar scale for the European Monsoon to better understand its relationship to weather problems and natural disasters in the region.
The document describes the East Asian monsoon time scale, which is a chronological sequence used to study the past, present, and future movements of the East Asian monsoon and its relationship to weather patterns. It involves creating a graphic scale from March 21st to the following March 20th with notations for key weather events each year. Studying changes in the main rain belt and dates of monsoon onset and withdrawal over many years can provide insights into weather problems and natural disasters associated with the East Asian monsoon.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
RoHS stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances, which is also known as t...vijaykumar292010
RoHS stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances, which is also known as the Directive 2002/95/EC. It includes the restrictions for the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment. RoHS is a WEEE (Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment).
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland management
Geoscope
1. GEOSCOPE
Gangadhara Rao Irlapati
H.No.5-30-4/1, Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad - 500 055, Telangana, India.
email: scientistgangadhar@yahoo.com.
Abstract: Many researches and studies were conducted by me between 1980-1987 with the aim of inventing a
system with many intentions &aspirations that should be used at the higher governments &research institutes
levels and also even lower common people &small laboratories levels for geological studies &researches and
explorations &predictions to use the earth’s surface&underground for public purpose. After conducting several
researches &studies. I proposed and designed a system named Geoscope in 1987 with the intention of
developing with many revolutionary proposals. This is not what Buckminster had proposed in 1962 and similar
so many architectures in the name of Geoscope. My proposal is completely different, having many
revolutionary proposals, intended to study the earth’s underground and surface for public purposes. Hence,
kindly recognize me as the originator of the Geoscope &National Geoscope Projects in lieu of considering the
immense efforts &sacrifices I have did for Geoscope &National Geoscope Projects and my quest to establish
&implement it all over the world regions &countries to serve the world people with enormous services just like
to take and keep the entire underground to be under the control of Geoscope to study the underground
mysteries; explore the underground resources; predict the geological hazards; create artificial underground
waters by attracting the sea waters to the underground areas of deserts through the layers by electro-ionization;
create artificial rains by attracting the vaporized sea waters to the desert plains through the sky by geo-
magnetizing atmosphere when the weather is surrounded by water molecules during the trough of low pressure
areas, create artificial storms and making them our control by moving desert planes and pour rains; restore and
recreate people in past by images that are preserved in the earth’s magnetic field by new technology Geo-
Machine etc by constantly studying the Geoscope mission. Many researches &studies have been conducted by
me on the Geoscope system. It has done more developments by world scientists in the future..
Key Words: Geoscope, Earth quakes, Seismic luminescence studies, Electrogeogram test etc..
Introduction:
Everything in the world around us is built upon the earth. Knowledge of earth science is important. Geoscope is
very useful in studying the earth science, earth mining and mineral resources, earth resources to explore and
underground structure, seismic exploration, geothermal, geological, geophysical state and underground
mysteries, geological hazards and its prediction methods are important. Geoscope is one of the three important
inventions thar I have invented. World scientists need to further develop Geoscope and make it to useful to the
public.
Purpose of Geoscope
I started Geoscope with a lot of goals and ideas. Some of them were cited below. I have done some researches
thoroughly and have done some more unfinished research. However, due lack of research opportunities, some of
them were only preliminary studies. The health of me is spoiled. It is not known how much to live. The world
scientists are completing the remaining research work intended in the Geoscope.
Researches on the earth’s sciences: Everything in the world around us is built upon the earth. Knowledge of
earth science is important. Geoscope is very useful in studying the earth science including Geology, Mineralogy,
Petrology, Stratigraphy, Palaeontology, Tectonics, Geophysics, Geochemistry, Meteorology, Oceanography,
Astronomy. Study of the earth mining and mineral resources is very important
Researches on control of the underground: Conducting researches to take and keep the entire underground to
be under control in the name of Geoscope.
2. Researches on artificial rains: Conducting researches to attract the vaporized sea waters to the desert plans
through the earth’s magnetizing atmosphere when weather is surrounded by the water molecules during the
timings of trough and low pressure systems.
Researches on the artificial storms: Conducting researches to create artificial storms and making them to our
control by moving desert areas and pour rains.
Recharging of underground waters: Conducting researches to attract the sea waters and deep underground
waters to the dry underground areas of desert plans
Researches on the earth’s magnetism: Conducting researches to use of geomagnetic field for public purposes.
Researches on the earth’s magnetic field images: Conducting researches to restore and recreate the people in
past that are preserved in the earth’s magnetic field.
Study of earth mining and mineral resources: Study of the earth mining and mineral resources is very
important . Geoscope is very useful in studying the earth resources to explore and study the underground
resources.
Study of earth’s underground structure: The study of underground structure, seismic exploration,
geothermal, geological, geophysical state and other areas research is also very important. Geoscope is very
useful to study underground mysteries.
Study of earth’s hazards: Geological hazards and disasters, however, still inflict a major economic and social
cost.
Study of geological hazards and its prediction methos is important. A geological hazards is one of several
types of adverse geologic conditions capable of causing damage or loss of property and life. These hazards
consists of sudden phenomena and slow phenomena. Geoscope is very useful in studying the geological
hazards. There are many types of geological hazards.
Sudden phenomena: Avalanches: Snow, Rock or air and snow; Earth quakes &itstriggered tsunamis; Forest
fires,deforestation; Geomagnetic storms; Ice Jams on rivers or glaburst floods; Landslides,hill slide; Mudflows,
avalanche – like muddy landslides; Pyroclastic flows; Rock falls, Rock slides, Rock avalanches; Torrents like
flash floods, rapid floods,; Volcanic erruptions, lahars and ash falls.
Slow phenomena: Ground settlement due to consolidation of compressible soils due to collapsable soil;
Ground subsidence, sags and sink holes; Liquefaction,settlement of the during an earthquake events; Sand dune
migration; Shoreline and stram erosion; Thermal springs.
Earthquake is one of the geological hazard can cause enormous casualities and property damage. Earthquakes
resulting from the sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes
can range in size from those that are so weak that they cannot be felt to those violent enough to toss people
around and destroy whole cities. When the epicenter of a large earthquake is located offshore, the seabed may
be displaced sufficiently to cause a tsunami. Earthquakes can also trigger landslides, and occasionally volcanic
activity. Earthquakes are caused mostly by rupture of geological faults, but also by other events such as
volcanic activity, landslides, mine blasts, and nuclear tests. An earthquake's point of initial rupture is called
its focus or hypocenter. The epicenter is the point at ground level directly above the hypocenter. I have
conducted many studies on the geological hazards and invented the Geoscope which can help to predict the
geological hazards in advance. Gas anomalies: Seismic luminescence studies are very helpful with earthquake
prediction. Many studies have done by on the Seismic luminescence. .
Materials and Methods:
3. Basic design of the Geoscope is consisting of surface laboratory and underground research facilities. A
borehole having suitable width and depth has to be dug into the underground.. A surface laboratory having the
most modern high-tech underground research facilities has to be constructed on that bore-well. Electronic,
physical and chemical sensors and apparatus, super high remote sensing technology in the area of sensor
physics, signal processing used specially image processing ,electromagnetic detection technology, deep
underground detectors and mineral exploration equipments, natural gas sensors, electromagnetic sensors to
recognize the underground physical and chemical conditions such as the underground mineral resources, rise
and fall of the underground water levels, micro-vibrations and waves generated in the underground, differences
in pressure, temperature and other seismic activities in the underground should be inserted into the underground
and linked with the concerned research and analyze departments of the laboratory that is above the bore-well to
research, study and analyze the conditions and changes taking place in the underground. That means researches
&developments of past, present and future should be interposed, coordinated and constantly developed. We can
make many more modern ideas& modifications thus bringing many more improvements & developments in the
Geoscope.
Geoscope can be built in many types &various forms just like simple Geoscope model, Home-made
Geoscope model and Micro-Geoscope model. Simple Geoscope model is having simple construction involving
no expenditure that is a deep well having suitable width and depth has to be dug. Construct a room over the
well. Wash the inner walls of the room with white lime. Fix an ordinary electric bulb in the room. That is
enough. Home-made Geoscope is also very simple and easy construction involves no expenditure moreover
even students, children’s and science enthusiasts can make the Home-made Geoscope and detect the earth-
quakes 24 to 28 hrs in advance. By making certain changes and alterations, a house having a well can be
converted into a Geoscope i.e., wash the inner walls of that house with white lime. Fix ordinary electric bulbs
in the room. The Home-made geoscope is complete. Both these two are very easy methods. Besides these two
methods, Micro-Geoscope is an elaborate construction. It is a modern technology system consisting of surface
laboratory and underground research facilities. For this model a deep bore-well having suitable width and depth
has to be dug. A surface laboratory having the most modern high-tech underground research facilities has to be
constructed on that bore-well to study, analyze and recognize the underground conditions. Underground
research apparatus should be inserted into the underground and linked with the concerned research and study
departments of the laboratory that is above the bore-well to research and study the conditions and changes
taking place in the underground.
Simple Geoscope Model:
This is a simple construction involving no expenditure. A deep well having suitable width and depth
has to be dug. Construct a room over the well. Wash the inner walls of the room with white Lime. Fix an
ordinary electric bulb in the room.
Home-Made Geoscope Model:
This construction involves no expenditure. Even students, children’s and science enthusiasts can
make the Home-Made Geoscope and detect the earth-quakes 24 to 28 hrs in advance. By making certain
changes and alterations, the house having a well can be converted into a Geoscope i.e., wash the inner walls of
the house with white Lime fIx ordinary electric bulbs in the room.
Management:
Observe the colour of the room lighting daily. When the bulb glows, the light in room generally
appears white in color, but before occurrence of an earth-quake, the room lighting turns blue in colour. The
onset of earth-quake can be guessed by this “Seismic luminescence Emission”
Principle:
Due to stress of continental plates and some other reasons on a place where there are favorable
chances for earth-quake to occur, the pressure is induced in the underground. As a result, there is a steady rise in
4. the pressure around the focus centre. Because of the large disparity in the magnitude of energies involved, gas
anomalies such as (a) Helium emission (b) Chemico-seismic anomalies such as sulphur, calcium, nitrogen etc.,
chemical compounds (c) Seismic atomic radiations of radioactive mineral compounds such as radon show up
much earlier even at large distance from the epic-centre which enter the well through the underground springs.
These gas anomalies occupy the room in this manner; emit radiation which gives ultrviolet blue colour
(sometimes red) to the room.
Modern Micro Geoscope Model:
A borehole having suitable width and depth has to be dug into the underground.. A surface
laboratory having the most modern high-tech underground research facilities has to be constructed on that bore-
well to research and study the conditions and changes taking place in the underground. Electronic, physical and
chemical sensors and apparatus, super high remote sensing technology in the area of sensor physics, signal
processing used specially image processing ,electromagnetic detection technology, deep underground detectors
and mineral exploration equipments, natural gas sensors, electromagnetic sensors etc to recognize the
underground physical and chemical conditions such as the underground mineral resources, rise and fall of the
underground water levels, micro-vibrations and waves generated in the underground, differences in pressure,
temperature and other seismic activities in the underground etc should be inserted into the underground and
linked with the concerned research and analyze departments of the above surface underground research
laboratory that is above the bore-well to analyze the conditions and changes taking place in the underground.
That means researches &developments of past, present and future should be interposed, coordinated and
constantly developed. We can make many more modern ideas& modifications thus bringing many more
improvements & developments in the Geoscope.
Management:
Observe the geophysical & geochemical changes such as foreshocks, chemical changes, ground
water levels, strain in rocks, thermal anomalies, seismicluminescence gas anomalies, electrogeopulses, micro-
vibrations, pressure, geomagnetic forces, etc taking place in the underground. The onset of earthquakes can be
guessed by analyzing the aforesaid studies in the concerned analysis sections of the laboratory that is above the
well.
National Geoscope Project:
Many extensive researches and studies were conducted on the National Geoscope Forewarning
System to detect the geological changes in advance. In this system, there should be established three level
centers i.e., Local Geoscope Centre, Regional Geoscope Centre and Central Geoscope Centre for maintaining
the system in a coordinated manner.
Local Geoscope Centres:
One or more required number of Geoscopes should be established in the expected earthquake
zones. The observation personnel in the respective Geoscopes should watch the onset of earthquakes day and
night.
Regional Geoscope Centre:
There should be established a Regional Geoscope Centre at every expected quake zone to co-
ordinate and codify the information supplied by the local Geoscope Centers of the zone.
Central Geoscope Centre:
There should be established a Central Geoscope Centre to co-ordinate and codify the information
supplied by the Regional Geoscope Centers from all over country in a coordinated manner.
Management:
5. Whenever a Local Geoscope Centre sends warning about the onset of earthquakes, the observation
personal should immediately send the information to its Regional Geoscope Centre. The Regional Geoscope
Centre should analysis the information and send it to the Central Geoscope Centre. The Central Geoscope
Centre analyze the information supplied by the Local Geoscope Center, Regional Geoscope Center and
estimates the epi-center, time, area to be affected urban places etc., details of the impending earthquake and send
to the authorities, and media and warnings in advance to take precautions.
Researches&results:
Many investigations are carried out by me and all were successfully proved out in practice. The risk
of earthquakes in Andhra Pradesh is less but the source is greater in north India and other regions in the world
where the establishment of the Geoscope is very useful to study.. Among them, electrogeogram test is one that’s
thought to be the heartbeat of the underground. Similarly, the study of the luminescent phenomena,
electromagnetic emission and light radiation, thermoluminescence and fracto-mechanoluminescence are others.
Several researches and studies have been conducted as described above and obtained many key results.
Seismicluminiscence study:
Gas anomalies emission: Over the centuries, there have been many reports of earthquake lights, both
before and while the ground is shaking.
Most rock contain small amounts of gases that can be isotopically distinguished from the normal
atmospheric gases. There are reports of spikes in the concentrations of such gases prior to a major earthquake;
this has been attributed to release due to pre-seismic stress or fracturing of the rock. One of these gases is radon,
produced by radioactive decay of the trace amounts of uranium present in most rock. Radon is useful as a
potential earthquake predictor because it is radioactive and thus easily detected, and its short-half life makes
radon levels sensitive to short-term fluctuations. The earthquakes with which these changes are supposedly
linked were up to a thousand kilometers away, months later, and not at a magnitudes. In some cases the
anomalies were observed at a distant site, but not at closer sites.
And, the lights are caused by electrical properties of certain rocks. The earthquake lights can take
many different shapes, forms, and colors. Common forms of earthquake lights include bluish flames that appear
to come out of the ground at ankle height; orbs of light called ball lightning that float in the air for tens of
seconds or even minutes; and quick flashes of bright light that resemble regular lightning strikes, except they
come out of the ground instead of the sky and can stretch up to 200 meters.
How Earthquake Lights form;
When nature stresses certain rocks, electric charges are activated. The lights can occur hours to days
before major earthquakes and also during actual shaking. They have been recorded at distance of up to 160
kilometers from the epicenter.
Predicting earthquakes:
Earthquake lights are likely to be very helpful with earthquake prediction.
Apparatus to study seismic luminescence:
To study seismic luminescence Geoscope can be built in many forms just like Simple Geoscope Model,
Home-Made Geoscope model and Micro-Geoscope Model etc.
Simple Geoscope Method:
This is a simple model involving no expenditure. A deep well having suitable width and depth has to be
dug. Construct a room over the well. Wash the inner walls of the room with white Lime. Fix an ordinary electric
bulb in the room.
Home-Made Geoscope Method:
This is also very simple and easy model involves no expenditure. Even students, children’s and science
enthusiasts can make the Home-Made Geoscope and detect the earth-quakes 24 to 28 hrs in advance. By making
6. certain changes and alterations, a house having a well can be converted into a Geoscope i.e., wash the inner
walls of that house with white Lime. Fix ordinary electric bulbs in the room.
Management:
The two Geoscope structures described above are easy to construct, easy to use and easy to analyze the
Seismic luminescence study. Observe the colour of the room lighting daily. When the bulb glows, the light in
room generally appears white in color, but before occurrence of an earth-quake, the room lighting turns ultra
violet blue in colour. The onset of earth-quake can be guessed by this “Seismic luminescence emission”
Modern Geoscope Method:
In modern methods to analyze the seismic luminescence, a deep bore-well having suitable width and
depth has to be dug. A laboratory having most modern high-technological research and analysis facilities
including a mechanical system to analyze the seismic luminescence and gas anomalies emerging from
underground has to be constructed on that well. All types of modern sensors and apparatus including a
mechanical system to catching/grabbing/absorbing the seismic luminescence or gas anomalies emerging from
the underground to recognize the seismic luminescence and other seismic activities should be inserted into the
underground and linked with the concerned research analyzing sections of the laboratory that is above the well
to observe, study, research and analyze the seismic luminescence and seismic changes existing and taking place
in the underground. By that earthquakes can be warned by analyzing the luminescence as given the above.
Management:
Observe the fracto luminescence gas anomalies existing and taking place in the underground. The onset
of earthquakes can be guessed by analyzing the aforesaid seismic luminescence studies in the concerned
analysis sections of the laboratory that is above the well.
Principle:
Due to stress of continental plates and some other reasons on a place where there are favourable
chances for earth-quake to occur, the pressure is induced in the underground. As a result, there is a steady rise in
the pressure around the focus centre. Because of the large disparity in the magnitude of energies involved, gas
anomalies such as shown below show up much earlier even at large distance from the epic-centre which enter
the well through the underground springs.
(a) Emission of Helium, Hydrogen etc
(b)Emission of chemico-seismic evaporation anomalies such as sulphur, calcium, nitrogen etc., ,
(c)Emission of seismic atomic radiations such as radon from radioactive mineral compounds etc
These gas anomalies occupy the room in this manner; emit radiation which gives blue colour
(sometimes red) to the room.
Collect and analyze the above mentioned gas anomalies and seismic luminescence in the concerned
section established in laboratory that is above the well. Study the gas anomalies and seismic luminescence
in the research and analysis sections of the Geoscope daily 24 hours 365 days. When the gas anomalies or
seismic luminescence are released the earthquakes can be considered.
Here is a very important is to be grasped. Before occurring of an earthquake, gas anomalies as stated
above such as radon, helium, hydrogen and chemico-mineral evaporations such as sulphur, calcium, nitrogen
and other fracto-luminescence radiations show up earlier even at large distances from the epicentre due to
stress, disturbances, shock waves and fluctuations in the underground forces. These gas anomalies & fracto
luminescence radiations and other chemical evaporations enter into the well through the underground springs.
When these anomalies occupy the simple Geoscope rooms or Home-made Geoscope rooms above the well, the
7. room lighting turns violet in colour. The light in the room scattered in the presence of these gas anomalies,
fracto-luminescence radiations and other chemico-mineral evaporations the ultra violet radiation is emitted more
and the room lighting turns in violet colour. Our eye catches these variations in the radiation of the lighting in
the room easily since-
The violet rays having smaller wave length
The violet rays having property of extending greatly
The light becoming weak in the violet region
The eyes having greater sensitivity to violet radiation
Due to all these reasons, the room may appear violet in colour then we can predict the impending earth quakes
12 hours in advance. This principle is also applies to the section built in modern research and analysis methods
that is above the well
Electrogeogram Test:.
This is also easy study to recognize the impending earth quake. A borehole having suitable width
and depth has to be dug. An earth wire or rod should be inserted into the underground by the borehole and
linked with the concerned analysis section having apparatus to detect, compare measure of the electric currents
of the electric circuit of the earth systems. Otherwise by observing the home electric fans.etc. We can also study
the electrogeopulses studies to predict the impending earth quake.
Observe the changes in the electric currents of the earth system 24 hours, 365 days. From a power
station, the electricity is distributed to the far-off places. Normally the circuit of the power supply being
completed through the earth system. Whenever if the disturbances occurs in the layers of the earth’s
underground, the fluctuation rate will be more due to the earth quake obstructions such as pressure, faults,
vibrations, water currents etc., of the earth’s underground. So we can forecast the impending earth quake by
observing the obstruction of electric currents of circuit of the earth system in the observatory of the Geoscope
and also by the obstruction sounds in the electric fans etc.
Review&discussions:
Many studies and experiments have been carried out on the Geoscope project and all were successfully
proved out in practice. And also several designs have been proposed to study and explore the underground.
The risk of earthquakes in Andhra Pradesh is less but the source is greater in North India and other regions in
the world where the establishment of the Geoscope is very useful.
Tsunami tidal waves:
A tsunami or tidal wave, also known as a seismic sea wave, is a series of enormous waves in
displacement of a large volume of water body caused by the earthquakes, underground landsides, volcanic
eruptions, asteroids generally in an ocean or a large lake. Tsunamis can travel 20-30 miles per hour with waves
10-100 feet high. The effects of tsunamis are devastating. Tsunami damage is first caused by the immense force
of the tidal wave hitting the shoreline. I conducted some studies on the tsunamis. Some studies have been
conducted by me on the tsunamis to study and predict the tsunamis and designed the Geoscope in 1987 to
keeping the tsunamis. Geoscope should be designed in the coastal areas of the sea and earthquakes and its
consequent secondary hazards such as tidal forces, rogue waves, tsunami can be predicted by virtue of
performing studies as described above. Geoscope is very useful in studying,, predicting and mitigating the
tsunamis and it’s dangers.
Geoscopes should be designed in the possible areas where landslides are likely to occur and the
earthquakes and it secondary consequent hazards such as landslides mud slides, mass movements, sink holes,
coastal erosion, lahars, mud flows, etc can be estimated by virtue of performing studies as described above.
8. Geoscopes should be designed in the volcano areas and volcanic activities such as volcanic gases, and
steam generated eruptions, explosive eruption of high – silica lava, effusive eruption of low-silica lava, debris
flow and carbon dioxide emission etc can be predicted by virtue of performing studies as described above. Let’s
discuss about some of the key studies.
By setting up the National Geoscope projects and maintain, a country can be predicted the impending
earthquakes, volcanic hazards(and storm surges ,tsunamis etc consequence secondary hazards due to the
earthquakes occur in the womb that means underground of the sea or ocean if the country have the chances of
occurring of these disasters) in advance
And a country can be predicted mineral and underground resources by inserting many kinds of super
high remote sensing technology in the area of sensor physics, signal processing used specially image processing
, electromagnetic detection technology and geophysical deep underground detectors and mineral exploration
equipments , natural gas sensors etc in the underground by using the geoscope.
Setting up the National Geoscope Project and maintain will also be useful in emerging industries such
as geothermal and geo-sequestration etc.
Geoscope projects can be built where the earthquakes are likely to occur and study the earthquakes.
Build Geoscope in the seismic areas and earthquakes can be predicted by virtue of performing studies
as described above.
Conclusion: we can make many more researches and studies on the Geoscope thus bringing many more
developments and modifications in the Geoscope. Kindly recognize me as the Father of geoscope who has
worked hard to create an architecture to take and keep the entire underground in the name of Geoscope by
establishing in between the underground data procurement apparatus and surface data analysis laboratory with
the help of a deep well to study the the underground mysteries, explore the underground resources; predict the
geological hazards; attracting the sea waters to the underground areas of deserts through the layers by electro-
ionization; attracting the vaporized sea waters to the desert plains through the sky by geo-magnetizing
atmosphere when the weather is surrounded by water molecules during the trough of low pressure areas, Create
storms and pour rains and Artificial rains etc by constantly studying the underground by constantly studying the
underground through the Geoscope architecture system.
14.Acknowledgments:
In this research, I consulted many Professors and Scientists of several Universities and Research Institutes
for their valuable suggestions and advices. There was also taken some information from the Wikipedia. I am
grateful to all of them.
15.History of the Invention: From 1980’s to 87, many researches &studies have been conducted by me to
invent a device that should be used to study and solve the mysteries of the earth’s underground. As a result of
those researches and studies, I proposed an architecture in the name of Geoscope in 1987 with many
revolutionary proposals. This is not what Buckminster had proposed in 1962. In 1986, Geoscope was presented
to Sri A.J.V.B.M. Rao, Hon’ble Member of Parliament(Lok.Sabha.), Amalapuram for consideration and
necessary action. Sri A.J.V.B.M. Rao sent this Geoscope proposal to Sri K.R.Narayanan, the Hon’ble Minister
of State for Science and Technology, New Delhi (later President of India) in 1987 for further research and
development in the services of people. In 1988, Sri K.R.Narayanan, Hon’ble Minister of State for Science and
Technology was issued orders to the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi in the capacity of
Vice-President, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research to take further research and develop the Geoscope.
In 1989, The Hon’ble High Court of Andhra Pradesh was also issued orders to the Government of India,
Ministry of Science & Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research to provide research facilities to
carry out researches &studies on the Geoscope at National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad for
implementation in service of the country. Later many representations were also submitted to the government and
9. research organizations to provide research facilities to carry out further researches on the Geoscope but the
governments and research organizations did not support and provide research opportunities to me. I was envied
by research institutes, scientists and subjected to incessant verbal insults. I sacrificed my life for the past 46
years in inventing the Geoscope to serve the people. But I am an unfortunate scientist who could not get
recognition as the inventor of Geoscope. I am now making my life’s last journey due to pains and poverty &
disregard and despair. Under the aforesaid circumstance I am making this appeal to the world scientists to
recognize me as the Father of Geoscope & its related Geoscope architectures.
16. History of the Inventor: I, Gangadhara rao irlapati, an unfortunate Indian scientist born on 25th
May, 1958
in a group of lowest social caste system( ranked as Mala in scheduled caste) traditionally to be untouchable in
India. Parents: Pullaiah Irlapati(father),Manikyam Irlapati(mother); Brothers&sisters:Sampath Rao
Irlapati(brother),saroja Irlapati(sister),bhagyam Irlapati(sister), Gangadhara Rao Irlapati(self), Kalakavathi
Irlapati(sister), Balaji Irlapati(brother); Spouse: Satyavathi Irlapati; Children: Pullaiah Naidu Irlapati(son),
Prudhvi Irlapati(son), Saroja(daughter); My wife and children are argumentative, negative and ill-tempered who
vehemently opposed my researches tortured me in many way
I have acquired scientific interest and conscious inherently by birth. However, I did primary education from 1
to 5th
classes in Government Elementary High School, Merlapalem(1963-1968); 6th
& 7th
classes in Government
Upper Primary School, Vubalanka(1969-1971); 8TH
to 10TH
classes at Government High School, Ravulapalem
(1971-74); I completed Intermediate 11+12 classes at M.G.Jr. College, Atreyapuram(1974-76). I studied
graduation degree B.A. in Economics& others from Andhra University(1985-89) and obtained post graduation
degree Master of Science in Disaster Mitigation(Earth and Climate)sciences from Sikkim Manipal
University(2001-03).
With an ideal to serve the people from weather problems and natural calamities through scientific researches, I
went around government organizations and research institutes for research support and opportunities. But they
did not support and provide research opportunities to me moreover when I contact government organizations
and research institutes for research facilities, they mock me, hated my torn clothes and sometime even beat up
and pushed out me to the gate. At last I built a small lab at my house with home-made apparatus and conducted
enormous researches and studies on weather problems and natural calamities. From 1965 to present, over a 1000
researches and studies have been conducted by me on weather problems and natural calamities and more than
1,000 scientific research papers are prepared& published. Around a 100 key investigations have made by me.
Particularly, my experiences in originating Lisposcope experiments(1965-70); Basics of Creation in the name
of Irlapatism-A New Hypothetical Model of Cosmology(1970-1977); Basics of Geoscope (1980-1987); Basics
of Global Monsoon Time Scales(1987-91); Indian Monsoon Time Scale(1991-2005); Basics of National
Geoscope Projects &Global Monsoon Time Scales (2005-18); Global Monsoon Time Scales(2018-) are
crucial..
Lisposcope experiments(1965-70): I started doing researches and studies around 10th
year of my childhood.
From 1965 to 1969, many researches and studies were conducted and invented the Lisposcope in 1965,
Biolumicells (Bioluminescent micells) in 1966, and “Bioforecast effect” in 1969. Although weakened by
forecasting property with less success rate, it is a primary, interesting and natural forecasting method. These are
my first research works.
Basics of Creation(1970-77): From 1970 to 1977 years, I conducted many researches and studies on the origin,
structure, nature and evolution of the creation and proposed Basics of creation with hundreds of postulations
and contains many proposals. Based on those postulations, A New Hypothetical Model of Cosmology was
proposed by me in 1977. With the postulations of the Hypothesis, a book was published on 1st
july,1977 in the
name of Irlapatism-Irlapati Theory of Universe by the supporters. All matters pertaining to the creation such
as origin, structure, nature and evolution were widely discussed in this hypothesis. This hypothesis has been
published by all the leading magazines in the world.
Inquisition(1977-79): Basics of Creation were instantly traduced, exposed to the anger of fanatic people and
got into violent altercations. As a result, I was subjected to the anger of fanatic people and officials. My lab
was destroyed and copies of my hypothesis were burned. I reported these persecutions and torments to the
10. Revenue Divisional Officer. Amalapuram in july,1977. The Revenue Divisional Officer was conducted an
enquiry about this matter. While returning from the enquiry, on forenoon, July 21st
, 1977, I was attacked by a
mob and they had taken me forcely to the Village Chavadi, Ryali, there superstitious people were met and where
I was beat up. Followed by an altercation about the basics and ideas in the book, they beaten and forced me to
put signatures on some prepared documents, and an offence falsely framed and foisted against me. After intense
tortures, I was sent to the Taluk Magistrate, Kothapeta and persuaded to renounce my views and ideas. The
superstitious people succeeded me in sentencing. The Taluk Magistrate was declared me as a dangerous boy
and up to anything and issued sentence to punish and handed over to the Police Station, Ravulapalem. I was
arrested on July 21, 1977. A case was registered and I was kept remand for some months in sub-jail and
remaining period interrogated periodically. I had been driving with chains through the streets of Kothapeta from
Sub-jail to Court during the timings of presenting to the court. The trials were done from April 2, 1979 to
November 20,1979. After many trials and arguments, the Hon’ble Additional Judicial First Class Magistrate
Court was found me not guilty and acquitted on November 27,1979.
Basics of Geoscope (1980-87): From 1980’s to 87, many researches &studies have been conducted by me to
invent an architecture that should be used to study and solve the mysteries of the earth’s underground. As a
result of those researches and studies I designed an architecture in the name of Geoscope in 1987 by establishing
in between the underground data procurement apparatus and surface data analysis laboratory with the help of a
deep well in order to fulfill many revolutionary proposals for studying, investigating and exploring the matters
of earths underground. The basic aims of Geoscope are; an architecture to take and keep the entire
underground to be under the control in the name of Geoscope; to study and break the underground mysteries; to
search and explore the underground resources; to predict geological hazards; to attract the deep underground/sea
waters to the underground areas of deserts and rain shadow areas through the layers by electro-ionization; to
attract the vaporized sea waters to the desert areas through the sky by electrically geo-magnetized atmosphere
when the weather is surrounded by water molecules during the trough or low pressure areas; to create storms
and making them our control by moving desert areas and pour rains; to restore and recreate people in past by
images that are preserved in the earth’s magnetic field by new technologies just like Geo-Machine etc.
Basics of Global Monsoon Time Scales (1987-91):
I conducted many researches on the world global monsoon systems and proposed& designed the Basics of
Global Monsoon Time Scales, Regional Monsoon Time Scales, Sub-Regional Monsoon Time Scales, Country-
wise local Monsoon Time Scales, Northern Monsoon Time Scales, Southern Monsoon Time Scales, Summer
Monsoon Time Scales, Winter Monsoon Time Scales which can help to study the past’s, present and future
movements of Global monsoons and its relationship with rainfall and other weather problem and natural
calamities. We can make separate monsoon time scales per each and every individual country.
Indian Monsoon Time Scale (1991-2005): From 1992-2005, I have done a lot of researches on how to study
the past’s present’s and future’s movements of the Indian monsoon and its weather problems and natural
calamities in advance. Firstly in1991, Sri. G.M.C. Balayogi, Member of Parliament (later the Lok-sabha
Speaker of Parliament of India) was dedicated the Indian Monsoon Time Scale for the services of the people and
sent to the Prime Minister of India, New Delhi for further research and development. The Prime Minister’s
Office was sent the same to the Indian Meteorological Department, New Delhi for implementation. In 1994, the
Chairman, Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission was also sent again the Indian Monsoon Time Scale to
the Cabinet Secretary of India, New Delhi for implementation. Later from 1995 to till date many
representations & consulations were made with the India Metrological Department and other government
organizations on the Indian Monsoon Time Scale for further resech&development. Indian Monsoon Time Scale
has been published by all the leading magazines in the world.
Basics of National Geoscope Projects& Global Monsoon Time Scales (2005-18): I gathered a lot of
information about the weather conditions and natural calamities in the world and applied them to the Basics of
Geoscope(1987) and Basics of Monsoon Time Scales(1991) I invented, and proposed& designed the National
Geoscope Projects and Global Monsoon Time Scales for all world countries. These scales have been published
by all the leading magazines in the world.
11. Global Monsoon Time Scales(2019- ):
I am currently doing many researches and studies on the world global monsoon systems to invent its mysteries
and formulated the Basics of Global Monsoon Time Scales, Regional Monsoon Time Scale, Sub-Regional
Monsoon Time Scales, Country-Wise Monsoon Time Scales, Northern Monsoon Time Scale, Southern
Monsoon Time Scales, Summer Monsoon Time Scales and Winter Monsoon Time Scales to study and predict
the weather changes and natural calamities in advance to take mitigation measures. Each and every continent or
region or country has its own monsoon winds. We can make separate monsoon time scales per each and every
individual country.
17.Uncompleted missions:
However much efforts did tho, I could not get recognition either by government or by society moreover
subjected to negligence, racism and discrimination. Mainly the concepts about my theory Basics of Creation
were instantly exposed to the anger of superstitious and got into violent altercations. I was arrested, tortured and
imprisoned. Research organizations and officials were humiliated me in different ways. My efforts have been
ignored and dark-laden I was envied by research institutes, scientists and subjected to incessant verbal insults.
Political recommendations& officials support, region& religion, cash& community factors may play a key role
in giving support& recognition, awards& rewards, honor& fame to dalit scientists in India. I am a victim of
negligence. racism and discrimination. At last I built a small lab at my house with home-made apparatus and
over a 1000 researches and studies have been conducted on weather problems and natural calamities and more
than 1,000 scientific research papers are prepared& published. Around a 100 key investigations have made by
me. Particularly, my experiences in originating Lisposcope experiments(1965-70); Basics of the creation in the
name of Irlapatism-A New Hypothetical Model of Cosmology(1970-1977); Basics of the Geoscope (1980-
1987); Basics of the Global Monsoon Time Scales(1987-91); Indian Monsoon Time Scale(1991-2005); Basics
of the National Geoscope Projects &Global Monsoon Time Scales (2005-18); Global Monsoon Time
Scales(2018-) are crucial. In addition there are many incomplete research projects due to lack of support and
opportunities. I tried to find out a lot of inventions and discoveries and basic ideas. But I am not giving research
support and opportunities. However, I could not do further researches on many more research ideas due to lack
of opportunities. For example my goal is to take and keep the entire world underground under into the control of
Geoscope& National Geoscope Projects to study the underground mysteries, explore the underground resources;
predict the geological hazards; attracting the sea waters to the underground areas of deserts through the layers
by electro-ionization; attracting the vaporized sea waters to the desert plains through the sky by geo-magnetizing
atmosphere when the weather is surrounded by water molecules during the trough of low pressure areas, Create
storms and making them our control by moving desert planes and pour rains etc; Create artificial rains; Create
artificial storms; travelling into the past by using new technologies just like Time-Machine; Restore and recreate
people in the past by using new biotechnologies just like Bio-Machine; Restore and recreate people in past by
images that are preserved in the earth’s magnetic field by new technologies just like Geo-Machine;
Establishment of human habitations on inter-planets; to have relationship with living beings on the Neutrons; to
have relationship with living beings on the planets in the outside worlds of our Geo-universe. And many more
such investigations remain. But all hopes have become obsolete.
Appeal: I am now making my life’s last journey with hopelessness& sickness and pains& poverty due to lack
of disregard & despair. Hence, in future if travelling into the past by using new technologies just like Time-
Machine; or if we can restore and recreate people in past by using new biotechnologies just like Bio-Machine;
or if we can restore and recreate people in past by images that are preserved in the earth’s magnetic field by
new technologies just like Geo-Machine or if we can able to recreate people in the past by using any new
technologies, Kindly remember and recreate me to complete my uncompleted goals together with world
scientists.
Corresponding Author:
12. Gangadhara Rao Irlapati
H.No.5-30-4/1,
Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla
Hyderabad, Telangana-500055, India
Telephone: xxx-xxx-xxxx
E-mail: scientistgangadhar@yahoo.com
Academic References:
Wiki:
Exploration in Geophysics. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com/wiki/exploration_geophysics.
Historical References:
1.Aithabathula Jogeswara Venkata Buchi Maheswara Rao, Member of Parliament (Loksabha), Amalapuram
letter dt:08/12/1987.
2.K.R. Narayanan, Minister of state, Science & Technology, Government of India, letter dt:09/12/1988.
3.G.S.Rao, MLA letter dt:1988.
4.N.T. Rama Rao, Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, letter dt:30/01/1989.
5.Order, Hon’ble High Court of Andhra Prades W.P. No.12355/1989, dt:06/09/1989.
6.Opinion of Supreme Court Legal Services Committee dt:02/01/2006.
7.India Metrological Department, letter No.S-01416/ prediction dt:11/12/200
Historical References(others):
1 Letter No. NA-153 Date. October 21,1991 of the Shri G.M.C. Balayogi Member of Parliament to the India
Meteorological Department for further research and development of the Global Monsoon Time Scales/ National
Geoscope Projects in the services of welfare of the people.
2) D.O. No. NMRF/SKM/30/94 Dated; 17-08-1994 of the Government of India , Minitry of Science &
Technology, Department of Science & Technology, New Delhi Cabinet Secretary correspondences about
further research and development of the Global Monsoon Time Scales/ National Geoscope Projects in the
services of welfare of the people.
3) Letter No. NA-153 Dated; 28-11-1996 of the Government of India , India Meteorological Department
about the correspondence with the Parliament, President of India and other VVIP’s of India pertaining to further
research and development of the Global Monsoon Time Scales/ National Geoscope Projects in the services of
welfare of the people.
4) Letter No. NA-49106/537 Dated; 25-07-2005 of the Government of India , India Meteorological
Department about the correspondence about further research and development of the Global Monsoon Time
Scales/ National Geoscope Projects in the services of welfare of the people.
5 Letter D.O.No. 209/MOS(M)/PS/2008 Date. October 21,1991 of the Shri Dr.T.Subbarami Reddy Hon’ble
Union Minister of State for India to the India Meteorological Department for further research and development
of the Global Monsoon Time Scales/ National Geoscope Projects in the services of welfare of the people.
6) Letter No. GT-021(MISC)/6675 Dt: 13-08-2008 NA-49106/537 of the Government of India , India
Meteorological Department about the correspondence for further research and development.
13. 7) Letter No.DST/SECY/288/2009 Dated;June 1,2009 of the Secretary, Minister of Science and Technology
recommendation to the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology for further research and development of the
Global Monsoon Time Scales/ National Geoscope Projects.
8) Letter No. F-12016/1/00-NA/100 Dt: 01-12-2009 of the Government of India , India Meteorological
Department about the correspondence for further research and development of the Global Monsoon Time
Scales/ National Geoscope Projects.
9) Letter No. F-12016/1/00-NA/100 Dt: 09-07-2010 of the Government of India , India Meteorological
Department about the correspondence for further research and development of the Global Monsoon Time
Scales/ National Geoscope Projects.
Phonological Appendes:
The Appendes that describe the contents are enclosed.
Historical events supported documents:
The documents that supports the events in the history of the invention are enclosed
.
.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21. Evidences of history of the Invention:
The Global Monsoon Time Scales/Indian Monsoon Time Scale are a historical inventions. A number of research
organizations and governments are involved in these Global Monsoon Time Scales/Indian Monsoon Time Scale.
From 1980 to till date many researches have been conducted by me on the weather problems and natural
calamities and proposed and designed Basics of Geoscope&National Geoscope Projects and Global Monsoon
Time Scales for all world regions and countries. In 1991, I submitted a research report to Sri G.M.C. Balayogi,
Hon’ble Member of Parliament (Lok Sabha) on the importance and necessity of establishing the North
American Monsoon Time Scale along with other Global Monsoon Time Scales for studying the monsoon
systems. Sri G.M.C. Balayogi recommended that research report to the India Meteorological Department for
implementation in the services of the people. In 1994, The Cabinet Secretariat of India recommended this Indian
Monsoon Time Scale to the Ministry of Science & Technology, Govt of India for further research and
implementation. In 1996, many consultations were made with the Parliament House, President of India and
other VVIPS. In 2005, consultations were made with the India Meteorological Department about the Global
Monsoon Time Scales for further research and development in the services of thepeople. In 2009, The Secretary,
Minister of Science and Technology was also recommended the Global Monsoon Time Scales to the Indian
Institute of Tropical Meteorology for further research and development. In addition, Hon’ble. Aithabathula
Jogeswara Venkata Buchi Maheswara Rao, Hon’ble Member of Parliament (Loksabha), Amalapuram letter
dt:08/12/1987, K.R. Narayanan, Hon’ble Minister of state, Science & Technology, Government of India, letter
dt:09/12/1988. G.S.Rao, Hon’ble MLA letter dt:1988. N.T. Rama Rao, Hon’ble Chief Minister of Andhra
Pradesh, letter dt:30/01/1989. Orders of the Hon’ble High Court of Andhra Prades W.P. No.12355/1989,
dt:06/09/1989. Opinion of Hon’ble Supreme Court Legal Services Committee dt:02/01/2006. India
Metrological Department, letter No.S-01416/ prediction dt:11/12/200 have recommended these Global
Monsoon Time Scales/Indian Monsoon Time Scale. Some of them are given to confirm my sacrifice in
inventing these Global Monsoon Time Scales/Indian Monsoon Time Scale.