The document summarizes the global economic crisis, providing details on what an economic crisis is, the history of past crises like the Great Depression, common causes of crises, and the overall effects on countries. Specific countries that were heavily impacted by the crisis are discussed, such as Argentina, Australia, Thailand, and conclusions call for reforms to the international financial system to prevent future crises.
The global economic crisis of 2007-2008 began in the United States with the bursting of the housing bubble and subprime mortgage crisis, which led to a financial crisis and the Great Recession. Many economies are still experiencing negative effects such as high unemployment. The crisis was caused by lax regulation, excessive risk taking by banks, global trade imbalances, and irrational behavior that led to financial bubbles. It impacted the world through a decline in international trade and global growth, loss of confidence, and rising unemployment. India was impacted through effects on its stock market, trade, IT sector, foreign investments, currency, unemployment, GDP growth, and investments.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) involves a company from one country making a physical investment into building or acquiring assets in another country, such as by establishing a factory or purchasing a company. The document discusses various types of FDI, incentives for attracting FDI, and its importance and impact. It also provides examples of FDI statistics and trends in countries such as China, Africa, and European nations. While FDI can spur economic growth, increase skills and technology transfers, it also introduces risks such as political instability and crowding out of local firms.
The document discusses Walt Rostow's stages of economic growth model, which proposes that countries pass through 5 stages in their economic development: 1) traditional society, 2) preconditions for take-off, 3) take-off, 4) drive to maturity, and 5) age of mass consumption. It provides details on the characteristics of each stage. The model suggests countries must progress from agricultural to industrial economies. It is criticized for being too simplistic and assuming all countries will develop along the same Western capitalist path.
Developing economies share some common characteristics while also exhibiting structural diversity:
1) They generally have low levels of living, productivity, and human development indicators like per capita income, GDP growth, HDI scores.
2) Population growth rates are higher in developing countries compared to developed nations, leading to larger youth and dependency burdens.
3) Many developing economies rely heavily on primary exports, agriculture, and raw materials with less emphasis on manufacturing, and are dependent on international trade and relations.
4) Imperfect markets, incomplete information, and lack of institutional and structural support also hinder development potential in these nations.
This document discusses India's rising government debt levels and the potential "debt trap" effect. It notes that India's debt-to-GDP ratio was 67% in 2013. It defines a debt trap as borrowing to repay existing loans with interest rates higher than economic growth. The document lists reasons for India taking on debt like corruption and deficits, and effects of high debt like reduced spending on public welfare programs. It recommends solutions like political stability, accountability and privatization to address India's debt issues.
The document discusses the impact of Covid-19 on various sectors of the Indian economy including pharma, banking, and IT. It analyzes key companies within these sectors and finds that while some pharma companies like Sun Pharma were negatively impacted, others like Cipla and Alkem Labs grew profits during the pandemic. Banking was also not significantly impacted, with leading banks like HDFC, Kotak Mahindra, and SBI performing well or growing profits. Within IT, TCS saw declines but HCL and Infosys continued growing revenue and profits amid the pandemic. Overall the analysis found that pharma, banking and IT were sectors that were relatively resilient or grew during the crisis.
The document summarizes the global economic crisis, providing details on what an economic crisis is, the history of past crises like the Great Depression, common causes of crises, and the overall effects on countries. Specific countries that were heavily impacted by the crisis are discussed, such as Argentina, Australia, Thailand, and conclusions call for reforms to the international financial system to prevent future crises.
The global economic crisis of 2007-2008 began in the United States with the bursting of the housing bubble and subprime mortgage crisis, which led to a financial crisis and the Great Recession. Many economies are still experiencing negative effects such as high unemployment. The crisis was caused by lax regulation, excessive risk taking by banks, global trade imbalances, and irrational behavior that led to financial bubbles. It impacted the world through a decline in international trade and global growth, loss of confidence, and rising unemployment. India was impacted through effects on its stock market, trade, IT sector, foreign investments, currency, unemployment, GDP growth, and investments.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) involves a company from one country making a physical investment into building or acquiring assets in another country, such as by establishing a factory or purchasing a company. The document discusses various types of FDI, incentives for attracting FDI, and its importance and impact. It also provides examples of FDI statistics and trends in countries such as China, Africa, and European nations. While FDI can spur economic growth, increase skills and technology transfers, it also introduces risks such as political instability and crowding out of local firms.
The document discusses Walt Rostow's stages of economic growth model, which proposes that countries pass through 5 stages in their economic development: 1) traditional society, 2) preconditions for take-off, 3) take-off, 4) drive to maturity, and 5) age of mass consumption. It provides details on the characteristics of each stage. The model suggests countries must progress from agricultural to industrial economies. It is criticized for being too simplistic and assuming all countries will develop along the same Western capitalist path.
Developing economies share some common characteristics while also exhibiting structural diversity:
1) They generally have low levels of living, productivity, and human development indicators like per capita income, GDP growth, HDI scores.
2) Population growth rates are higher in developing countries compared to developed nations, leading to larger youth and dependency burdens.
3) Many developing economies rely heavily on primary exports, agriculture, and raw materials with less emphasis on manufacturing, and are dependent on international trade and relations.
4) Imperfect markets, incomplete information, and lack of institutional and structural support also hinder development potential in these nations.
This document discusses India's rising government debt levels and the potential "debt trap" effect. It notes that India's debt-to-GDP ratio was 67% in 2013. It defines a debt trap as borrowing to repay existing loans with interest rates higher than economic growth. The document lists reasons for India taking on debt like corruption and deficits, and effects of high debt like reduced spending on public welfare programs. It recommends solutions like political stability, accountability and privatization to address India's debt issues.
The document discusses the impact of Covid-19 on various sectors of the Indian economy including pharma, banking, and IT. It analyzes key companies within these sectors and finds that while some pharma companies like Sun Pharma were negatively impacted, others like Cipla and Alkem Labs grew profits during the pandemic. Banking was also not significantly impacted, with leading banks like HDFC, Kotak Mahindra, and SBI performing well or growing profits. Within IT, TCS saw declines but HCL and Infosys continued growing revenue and profits amid the pandemic. Overall the analysis found that pharma, banking and IT were sectors that were relatively resilient or grew during the crisis.
This analysis is done according to the Marketing concepts.First, It includes analysis of airline industry of Pakistan through BCG Matrix, PEST analysis, Porter Generic Strategies, SWOT Analysis. Secondly, it contains a marketing plan as well elaborating only its analysis.
OBJECTIVE
The Corona virus pandemic is posing a severe health and humanitarian crisis across the globe. It has also brought an unexpected economic shock to the global economy and initiated a crisis which would burden nations for years to come. In this Webinar, we shall look at various policy measures being taken in response to the crisis at the national and international levels. The webinar will also highlight possible fiscal measures that can be adopted to respond to the economic crisis caused by COVID-19.
The eclectic paradigm proposes that there are three main advantages that influence a firm's international production:
1) Ownership-specific advantages such as trademarks, production techniques, or entrepreneurial skills.
2) Location-specific advantages like raw materials, low wages, or taxes in a particular country.
3) Internalization advantages where firms choose to internally produce rather than through partnerships to exploit firm-specific advantages.
The paradigm also notes that the significance of these ownership, location, and internalization (OLI) advantages varies across industries, countries, and firms. It provides a framework to analyze what drives international production rather than making predictions.
Globalization and the interdependence of world economy Shreya Ghosh
Globalization refers to forces that increase interdependence between world economies and make countries more reliant on external forces. It involves expanding free trade, growing global capital markets, increased foreign direct investment, and the spread of information technology. While globalization can improve efficiency, it also makes countries vulnerable to global economic shocks and may exacerbate inequality and environmental issues. The UNDP advocates for an ethical, equitable, inclusive, and sustainable form of globalization that promotes human security and development.
The COVID-19 pandemic led many countries to impose lockdowns that halted economic activity. This caused a contraction in the global economy estimated at 3% by the IMF, worse than the 2009 financial crisis. As some countries lift restrictions, the effects on economies are emerging, including potential changes to supply chain organization and automation, as well as impacts from disrupted migration patterns.
These are slides from an economics revision webinar on aspects of the Indian economy.
Population: 1.3 billion; Urbanization: 33%
Life expectancy: 68 years (average)
HDI ranking 131st/188
Per capita GNI (PPP) $5,663
% living on less than $1.90 a day (PPP) 21%
% of population under-nourished: 15%
Remittance inflow (net) +3.3% of GDP
Gini coefficient: 0.35
Palma Ratio: 1.5
Successful diversification into manufacturing
Globally competitive in many service industries
Developed countries vs Developing countries EconomicsSazzad Hossain
This presentation discusses the key differences between developed and developing countries. Developed countries have very high industrial advancement, innovation-driven economies, and high human development index scores. Examples given are the United States, Japan, Germany, and France. Developing countries in contrast have less utilization of resources, lower per capita incomes and GDP, agriculture-dependent economies, and lower standards of living across education, healthcare, and life expectancy. Examples of developing countries provided are Mexico, Brazil, South Africa, and Thailand.
The document summarizes the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis. It began in Thailand due to a real estate bubble fueled by foreign capital inflows. When the US raised interest rates, capital fled Thailand, forcing the baht to float and devalue sharply. This triggered a financial crisis that spread to other Southeast Asian countries as currency devaluations made foreign debt more expensive. The IMF provided $40 billion in bailout loans to stabilize currencies in affected countries which included Thailand, Indonesia, South Korea, Hong Kong, Malaysia, and the Philippines.
Capital formation is a key determinant of economic development according to the document. Higher capital formation leads to greater productive capacity and higher national income. Capital formation depends on income, savings, and investment. Natural resources also play an important role if they are utilized fully. Other factors discussed include marketable agricultural surplus, conditions of foreign trade, economic systems, human capital formation, technical know-how, education, infrastructure, political stability, and reduction of corruption.
This document compares India and China across several categories including geography, history, demographics, government, economy, military, and energy resources. Some key points of comparison are:
- Geographically, China is larger than India and more mountainous while India has more coastline.
- Historically, both countries have ancient civilizations but China was impacted by foreign rule and civil unrest in the 19th-20th centuries while India gained independence from Britain in 1947.
- Demographically, China has an aging population while India's is younger with a higher birth rate. China also has a lower fertility rate and higher life expectancy.
- Economically, China has a larger GDP and faster growth rate than India though India's
Trade barriers in International BusinessCitibank N.A.
This document discusses governmental trade barriers and reasons for their use. It outlines both economic and non-economic reasons for governments to intervene in trade, such as protecting infant industries, maintaining employment, and preserving national identity. Common trade barriers include tariffs, quotas, subsidies, and embargoes. Tariffs directly affect prices through import or export taxes, while non-tariff barriers can influence prices or quantities through measures like import quotas or subsidies. In general, governments employ various trade restrictions and supports to influence their country's trade relationships and performance for both economic and strategic policy reasons.
Impact of corona virus on Indian economy ruchi saini
The document discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Indian economy. It summarizes that the Indian economy was already weak before the pandemic and lockdowns have further slowed growth significantly. The stock market initially crashed but has since rebounded somewhat on hopes of stimulus measures and peaking infection rates. Key sectors impacted include aviation, textiles, finance, MSMEs and more. The paper analyzes the situation pre- and post-crisis and effects on GDP, unemployment and various sectors.
This document provides an overview of a course on the political economy of international trade. It discusses various policy instruments governments use to restrict imports and promote exports, and why governments intervene in international trade. The course will cover tariffs, subsidies, import quotas, export restraints, antidumping policies, and arguments for and against government intervention in trade. It will also discuss implications for businesses and provide examples.
The document provides an overview of the Brazilian economy and industry. It notes that Brazil is growing but still below potential, with decreasing inequality and poverty. The manufacturing sector faces stresses as the economy undergoes structural changes and increased trade. There are opportunities for investment in areas like infrastructure, agribusiness, aerospace, and energy. Challenges include improving competitiveness through addressing issues like taxation, labor laws, education, and innovation. The National Confederation of Industry's strategic map focuses on boosting competitiveness through macroeconomic stability, innovation, education, market access, and other factors.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) involves a foreign entity establishing a lasting interest in a company located in another country. The document discusses various aspects of FDI including types (horizontal, vertical), methods for foreign investors to acquire companies, benefits for both investors and host countries, and India's policies to attract FDI. India allows 100% FDI in most sectors either through an automatic route that does not require government approval or through the government route which requires approval.
The document provides details about Airblue, a Pakistani airline, including its history, leadership, routes, fleet, and achievements. It discusses the airline's founding in 2003 and expansion over the years to become one of the largest carriers in Pakistan, as well as its goals to further expand internationally. Key figures mentioned include CEO Tariq Chaudhary and COO Shahid Khaqan Abbasi, the routes it serves, its fleet of Airbus aircraft, and its introduction of technologies like e-ticketing.
This document provides information about Airblue airline's marketing strategies. It discusses the marketing mix of product, price, place and promotion. It also includes a PESTEL analysis, SWOT analysis and competitive analysis. The marketing mix section outlines Airblue's range of services, pricing strategies, distribution channels and promotional methods. The PESTEL analysis examines political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal factors. The SWOT analysis identifies strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The competitive analysis looks at rivals like PIA and the competitive environment.
Continental Airlines has been in operation since 1934. It currently serves over 133 domestic and 132 international destinations with over 40,000 employees. The company aimed to make its operations more efficient through its "Go Forward" plan which focused on improving market share, financial performance, reliability, and employee relations. While Continental struggled with losses after events like 9/11, it returned to profitability in 2006. However, it faced strong competition from larger airlines and had a relatively low market share. Various analyses found that Continental was in a position that required intensive strategies to improve its competitive positioning and market share.
The document discusses the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. It led to stock market declines, rising unemployment affecting tens of millions of people worldwide, and the risk of a global recession in 2020 according to the IMF. Various sectors were impacted, including automotive, energy, food and agriculture, and retail. Government responses included stimulus packages, tax relief, loan guarantees, and wage subsidies to support economies.
Understanding Cause and Effect of Geo Political Events - January 2019paul young cpa, cga
This document provides an overview and analysis of key geopolitical events and issues shaping the world in 2019. It discusses events including tensions with North Korea and Iran, the civil wars in Syria and Yemen, unrest in Latin America, and the role of major powers like the US, EU, China, and Saudi Arabia. It also analyzes issues like corruption at the UN and risks to global supply chains from political instability. The document aims to help readers understand international risks and their implications for business interests around the world.
The world can change on a dime depending on the party in power for each country along with government corruption. Not enough is being done by the UN as part of ensuring security and prosperity for its' member nations.
This analysis is done according to the Marketing concepts.First, It includes analysis of airline industry of Pakistan through BCG Matrix, PEST analysis, Porter Generic Strategies, SWOT Analysis. Secondly, it contains a marketing plan as well elaborating only its analysis.
OBJECTIVE
The Corona virus pandemic is posing a severe health and humanitarian crisis across the globe. It has also brought an unexpected economic shock to the global economy and initiated a crisis which would burden nations for years to come. In this Webinar, we shall look at various policy measures being taken in response to the crisis at the national and international levels. The webinar will also highlight possible fiscal measures that can be adopted to respond to the economic crisis caused by COVID-19.
The eclectic paradigm proposes that there are three main advantages that influence a firm's international production:
1) Ownership-specific advantages such as trademarks, production techniques, or entrepreneurial skills.
2) Location-specific advantages like raw materials, low wages, or taxes in a particular country.
3) Internalization advantages where firms choose to internally produce rather than through partnerships to exploit firm-specific advantages.
The paradigm also notes that the significance of these ownership, location, and internalization (OLI) advantages varies across industries, countries, and firms. It provides a framework to analyze what drives international production rather than making predictions.
Globalization and the interdependence of world economy Shreya Ghosh
Globalization refers to forces that increase interdependence between world economies and make countries more reliant on external forces. It involves expanding free trade, growing global capital markets, increased foreign direct investment, and the spread of information technology. While globalization can improve efficiency, it also makes countries vulnerable to global economic shocks and may exacerbate inequality and environmental issues. The UNDP advocates for an ethical, equitable, inclusive, and sustainable form of globalization that promotes human security and development.
The COVID-19 pandemic led many countries to impose lockdowns that halted economic activity. This caused a contraction in the global economy estimated at 3% by the IMF, worse than the 2009 financial crisis. As some countries lift restrictions, the effects on economies are emerging, including potential changes to supply chain organization and automation, as well as impacts from disrupted migration patterns.
These are slides from an economics revision webinar on aspects of the Indian economy.
Population: 1.3 billion; Urbanization: 33%
Life expectancy: 68 years (average)
HDI ranking 131st/188
Per capita GNI (PPP) $5,663
% living on less than $1.90 a day (PPP) 21%
% of population under-nourished: 15%
Remittance inflow (net) +3.3% of GDP
Gini coefficient: 0.35
Palma Ratio: 1.5
Successful diversification into manufacturing
Globally competitive in many service industries
Developed countries vs Developing countries EconomicsSazzad Hossain
This presentation discusses the key differences between developed and developing countries. Developed countries have very high industrial advancement, innovation-driven economies, and high human development index scores. Examples given are the United States, Japan, Germany, and France. Developing countries in contrast have less utilization of resources, lower per capita incomes and GDP, agriculture-dependent economies, and lower standards of living across education, healthcare, and life expectancy. Examples of developing countries provided are Mexico, Brazil, South Africa, and Thailand.
The document summarizes the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis. It began in Thailand due to a real estate bubble fueled by foreign capital inflows. When the US raised interest rates, capital fled Thailand, forcing the baht to float and devalue sharply. This triggered a financial crisis that spread to other Southeast Asian countries as currency devaluations made foreign debt more expensive. The IMF provided $40 billion in bailout loans to stabilize currencies in affected countries which included Thailand, Indonesia, South Korea, Hong Kong, Malaysia, and the Philippines.
Capital formation is a key determinant of economic development according to the document. Higher capital formation leads to greater productive capacity and higher national income. Capital formation depends on income, savings, and investment. Natural resources also play an important role if they are utilized fully. Other factors discussed include marketable agricultural surplus, conditions of foreign trade, economic systems, human capital formation, technical know-how, education, infrastructure, political stability, and reduction of corruption.
This document compares India and China across several categories including geography, history, demographics, government, economy, military, and energy resources. Some key points of comparison are:
- Geographically, China is larger than India and more mountainous while India has more coastline.
- Historically, both countries have ancient civilizations but China was impacted by foreign rule and civil unrest in the 19th-20th centuries while India gained independence from Britain in 1947.
- Demographically, China has an aging population while India's is younger with a higher birth rate. China also has a lower fertility rate and higher life expectancy.
- Economically, China has a larger GDP and faster growth rate than India though India's
Trade barriers in International BusinessCitibank N.A.
This document discusses governmental trade barriers and reasons for their use. It outlines both economic and non-economic reasons for governments to intervene in trade, such as protecting infant industries, maintaining employment, and preserving national identity. Common trade barriers include tariffs, quotas, subsidies, and embargoes. Tariffs directly affect prices through import or export taxes, while non-tariff barriers can influence prices or quantities through measures like import quotas or subsidies. In general, governments employ various trade restrictions and supports to influence their country's trade relationships and performance for both economic and strategic policy reasons.
Impact of corona virus on Indian economy ruchi saini
The document discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Indian economy. It summarizes that the Indian economy was already weak before the pandemic and lockdowns have further slowed growth significantly. The stock market initially crashed but has since rebounded somewhat on hopes of stimulus measures and peaking infection rates. Key sectors impacted include aviation, textiles, finance, MSMEs and more. The paper analyzes the situation pre- and post-crisis and effects on GDP, unemployment and various sectors.
This document provides an overview of a course on the political economy of international trade. It discusses various policy instruments governments use to restrict imports and promote exports, and why governments intervene in international trade. The course will cover tariffs, subsidies, import quotas, export restraints, antidumping policies, and arguments for and against government intervention in trade. It will also discuss implications for businesses and provide examples.
The document provides an overview of the Brazilian economy and industry. It notes that Brazil is growing but still below potential, with decreasing inequality and poverty. The manufacturing sector faces stresses as the economy undergoes structural changes and increased trade. There are opportunities for investment in areas like infrastructure, agribusiness, aerospace, and energy. Challenges include improving competitiveness through addressing issues like taxation, labor laws, education, and innovation. The National Confederation of Industry's strategic map focuses on boosting competitiveness through macroeconomic stability, innovation, education, market access, and other factors.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) involves a foreign entity establishing a lasting interest in a company located in another country. The document discusses various aspects of FDI including types (horizontal, vertical), methods for foreign investors to acquire companies, benefits for both investors and host countries, and India's policies to attract FDI. India allows 100% FDI in most sectors either through an automatic route that does not require government approval or through the government route which requires approval.
The document provides details about Airblue, a Pakistani airline, including its history, leadership, routes, fleet, and achievements. It discusses the airline's founding in 2003 and expansion over the years to become one of the largest carriers in Pakistan, as well as its goals to further expand internationally. Key figures mentioned include CEO Tariq Chaudhary and COO Shahid Khaqan Abbasi, the routes it serves, its fleet of Airbus aircraft, and its introduction of technologies like e-ticketing.
This document provides information about Airblue airline's marketing strategies. It discusses the marketing mix of product, price, place and promotion. It also includes a PESTEL analysis, SWOT analysis and competitive analysis. The marketing mix section outlines Airblue's range of services, pricing strategies, distribution channels and promotional methods. The PESTEL analysis examines political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal factors. The SWOT analysis identifies strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The competitive analysis looks at rivals like PIA and the competitive environment.
Continental Airlines has been in operation since 1934. It currently serves over 133 domestic and 132 international destinations with over 40,000 employees. The company aimed to make its operations more efficient through its "Go Forward" plan which focused on improving market share, financial performance, reliability, and employee relations. While Continental struggled with losses after events like 9/11, it returned to profitability in 2006. However, it faced strong competition from larger airlines and had a relatively low market share. Various analyses found that Continental was in a position that required intensive strategies to improve its competitive positioning and market share.
The document discusses the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. It led to stock market declines, rising unemployment affecting tens of millions of people worldwide, and the risk of a global recession in 2020 according to the IMF. Various sectors were impacted, including automotive, energy, food and agriculture, and retail. Government responses included stimulus packages, tax relief, loan guarantees, and wage subsidies to support economies.
Understanding Cause and Effect of Geo Political Events - January 2019paul young cpa, cga
This document provides an overview and analysis of key geopolitical events and issues shaping the world in 2019. It discusses events including tensions with North Korea and Iran, the civil wars in Syria and Yemen, unrest in Latin America, and the role of major powers like the US, EU, China, and Saudi Arabia. It also analyzes issues like corruption at the UN and risks to global supply chains from political instability. The document aims to help readers understand international risks and their implications for business interests around the world.
The world can change on a dime depending on the party in power for each country along with government corruption. Not enough is being done by the UN as part of ensuring security and prosperity for its' member nations.
This document provides a summary of geopolitical events and risks that could impact business in 2018-2019. It discusses key issues like US protectionism, Brexit, elections in various countries, and conflicts in the Middle East. Specific risks highlighted include US-China trade wars, instability in Italy and conflict escalation on the Korean peninsula. The document also examines how events in Iran, Qatar, Yemen, Syria and Saudi Arabia could spill over geopolitically. It emphasizes the need for supply chain integration and the role of governments and businesses in navigating these risks.
The world is heading into a period of the most instability since the cold war in the 1980s. Countries like Iran, China and India are growing in terms of size and power.
Understanding Risks as part of development risk management best practices paul young cpa, cga
All levels of government and private sector continue to review their risk models as part of ensuring they take all steps to help mitigate risk-related issues
Geo-Political Events and Business Impact - September 2018paul young cpa, cga
Business relies on government as part of setting policies that allow business to invest either domestically or internationally
Countries require FDI as part of supporting their economy as such geopolitics can drive risks to both government as well as business
United Nations needs to return to its’ mandate of world peace including accountability and transparency when it comes to aid
Too many countries still have autocratic rules, especially in Asia, Africa and the Middle East
Liberals around the world are to busy coddling extremism as way to deflect it from happening in their country. The problem is radical extremism will never be defeated through hugs and kisses. The root cause of extremism comes back to radical beliefs of what their religion is telling them in terms of their own Caliphate.
Global protectionism is on the rise as USA is looking for fair trade deals
- The document provides a biography of Paul Young, a CPA and expert on geopolitics and its impact on business.
- It then outlines Young's agenda for discussing various geopolitical issues happening around the world and how they impact business, including events related to the UN, supply chain management, government roles, and specific countries.
- Key geopolitical risks to businesses in 2018 are identified as escalation on the Korean peninsula, cyber attacks, US protectionism, and assertive leadership in various countries.
- The document discusses how geopolitical events impact business and provides examples of current geopolitical risks and issues. It summarizes the author's background and credentials. The bulk of the document covers specific geopolitical situations impacting business, including North Korea, Iran, Qatar, Yemen, Syria and the role of international organizations like the UN. It emphasizes that businesses must be aware of changing government policies and geopolitical risks in order to make informed investment and operational decisions.
Business relies on government as part of setting policies that allow business to invest either domestically or internationally
Countries require FDI as part of supporting their economy as such geopolitics can drive risks to both government as well as business
We live in an era of globalisation as such business needs to expand in order to grow their business beyond their domestic market.
The problem for business is dealing with various governments around the world as part of getting access to new markets.
The world bank have said that corruption cost the world economy well over 1.5 trillion dollars on annual basis.
Henley Passport Index and Global Mobility Report 2019MYO AUNG Myanmar
https://www.henleypassportindex.com/assets/2019/HPI%20Global%20Mobility%20Report_Final_190104.pdf
Henley & Partners is the global leader in residence and citizenship planning. We advise wealthy individuals and their families with gaining residence and/or citizenship by assisting them to complete investments in their country of choice. We also have a thriving government advisory practice, in which we advise countries on assignments ranging from strategic consulting to assistance in the design and implementation of investment-related immigration programs. Each year, hundreds of wealthy individuals, families and their advisors rely on our expertise and experience in this area. Our highly qualified professionals work together as one team in over 30 offices worldwide. The concept of residence and citizenship planning was created by Henley & Partners in the 1990s and as globalization has expanded, residence and citizenship have become topics of significant interest among an increasing number of internationally mobile entrepreneurs and investors. We believe every person should have the control to define their future and experience the freedom and peace of mind that dual citizenship has to offer.
Professor Raymond Atuguba addresses the Sierra Leone Bar Association.Amos Anyimadu
The document discusses the current state of law and development in West Africa. It notes that democracy and good governance are declining globally while dictatorships and populism are rising. Economically, extractivism by powerful countries is pillaging resources from poorer nations. In Africa specifically, every measure of democracy and economic governance declined from 2015-2017, and the continent is moving away from political stability. Many African countries have experienced coups or unrest in recent years. The document calls for action from the Sierra Leone Bar Association to address democratic and economic policy reversals in their country.
Corruption has devastating economic and political effects on countries. Economically, it undermines macroeconomic stability by reducing government revenue and increasing wasteful spending. It deters foreign investment and encourages tax evasion due to lack of trust in government. Politically, widespread corruption can increase calls for regime change and undermine conflict resolution mechanisms, weakening the rule of law. Two examples are given: in West Africa in the 1960s, corruption was rampant and fueled instability, while in the Philippines, a corrupt president demanded bribes for a failed nuclear power project that continues to burden the country financially. International initiatives aim to curb corruption, while Canada passed its own foreign anti-bribery law, though the fight against corruption remains ongoing
Foreign aid - Accountability and Transparency - July 2018paul young cpa, cga
Paul Young provides a summary of issues related to foreign aid transparency and accountability. He outlines his background and credentials. The document discusses definitions of foreign aid and examines Canada's foreign aid budget and contributions. It also looks at corruption issues and how some countries like North Korea, Iran, and organizations like Hamas have benefited from foreign aid. The bottom line is that more oversight is needed to ensure foreign aid is actually helping those in need rather than being lost to corruption.
The document summarizes key findings from the 2017 Edelman Trust Barometer, an annual survey of trust in institutions. Some key findings include:
- Trust in all four major institutions (business, government, media, and NGOs) declined globally in 2017, with two-thirds of countries now categorized as "distrusters" with less than 50% trust.
- There is a growing divide in trust levels between the general population and the more educated "informed public." The gap between these groups has grown to 15 points in 2017.
- Media saw the largest declines in trust, now distrusted in over 80% of countries surveyed. Government remains the least trusted institution globally.
International Financial Management Political RiskLesly Lising
Political risk refers to risks faced by multinational companies from political actions in foreign countries they invest in. Such risks include laws requiring a certain percentage of local hires, investment in social projects, currency restrictions, discriminatory practices like higher taxes/fees, and expropriation. Political risk must be assessed based on the stability of the host government, prevailing political views, likely views of future governments, efficiency of government processes, economic stability, and strength of legal system. Political risks are classified as firm-specific, country-specific like transfer risk of blocked funds, cultural/institutional risks, and global risks affecting companies globally like terrorism. Reducing political risk involves cooperating with host countries, making appropriate investments, acting responsibly
Foreign aid - Transparency and Accountability - United Nations - December 2017paul young cpa, cga
This document discusses foreign aid and issues around transparency and accountability. It provides background on foreign aid, including definitions and statistics. It examines Canada and other countries' foreign aid budgets and policies. It also looks at corruption indexes and issues with various aid programs and recipients like North Korea, Africa, Hamas, and Somalia. There is a lack of oversight and accountability for foreign aid, and much of it does not reach those most in need due to issues like corruption and waste.
Why Islamic Common Market if not an Islamic Union is necessarySUN&FZ Associates
It is challenging but not impossible!
Economic Power of any country is its real power in today’s world. Every other tangible and intangible element of national power without substantive economic power is worthless in international relations and global power politics.
Expertise in commercial diplomacy is an essential pre-requisite to configure a country’s tangible and intangible elements of national power. This is exactly what the rulers of the emerging economies have done to break the barriers of demographic constraints and to get out of the debt trap.
The world’s richest natural resource and human talent market with close to more than two billion potential consumers is a reasonably promising consumer community to start thinking of and working on!
America-Iran Tensions ( Best & Easy Presentation )SaadSaif6
The UN deputy secretary-general highlighted Iran's contributions and challenges in 2015 on the 70th anniversary of the UN. The Iranian general secretary said extremism threatened neighboring countries and must be addressed by combating poverty, injustice, and the strategic mistakes of Western countries in the region. While Iran faces challenges in employment, rights, and opportunities for youth, dialogue between Iran and the UN aims to contribute to regional peace. The secretary expressed hope for peaceful conditions following the Iran nuclear deal agreed upon with P5+1 countries.
- Global movement systems that move people, goods, money, and information around the world are essential to modern economies but also vulnerable to disruption. These systems include transportation infrastructure like airports, shipping ports, roads, and the internet.
- Small disruptions in one part of these complex, interconnected systems can rapidly spread and have widespread economic impacts that are difficult to predict. Globalization has increased interdependence between systems and countries.
- Malicious actors now recognize that exploiting vulnerabilities in global movement systems through relatively low-cost attacks can inflict massive economic damage, as was seen on 9/11. The 9/11 hijackers exploited weaknesses in immigration and information sharing to shut down U.S. aviation for a very low cost
Similar to GeoPolitical Events and Risk Issues facing Businesses (20)
Retail Sales and Consumer Spending Analysis and Commentary - July 2023.pptxpaul young cpa, cga
Canadian retail sales dropped 0.3% in August, the first decline since March, as higher interest rates start to impact household budgets. Seven of the nine retail subsectors saw sales increases in July, led by food and beverage retailers, while motor vehicle and parts dealers saw the largest decrease. Excluding autos, retail sales in July rose 1%, double expectations. The report suggests Canadians are tightening spending as more face higher mortgage payments and gas prices due to Bank of Canada rate hikes aimed at slowing inflation.
Addressing issues with the Public Sector Governance Model.pptxpaul young cpa, cga
The key challenges facing Australian business leaders in 2023 include:
1. Talent acquisition, retention and training staff for digital transformation.
2. Implementing successful digital transformation while managing cyber risks.
3. Adapting to changing regulations and reporting requirements.
Health risks from COVID-19, social reputation concerns, and disruptive emerging technologies are also significant social challenges impacting Australian businesses. Over the next 3-5 years, talent management for digitization, cybersecurity, digital transformation, regulatory changes, and identifying new growth opportunities will be the top challenges according to business leaders.
Global Housing Market Analysis and Commentary- September 2023.pptxpaul young cpa, cga
Summary:
Homebuilders are walking a fine line when it comes to new projects as high mortgage rates curb demand.
New residential construction, including single-family homes and multifamily, dropped 11.3% month over month in August to 1.283 million units on a seasonally adjusted basis, according to Census Bureau data released Tuesday. That's down 14.8% compared with a year ago and well below the 1.44 million units economists surveyed by Bloomberg projected.
But authorized residential permits — an indicator of potential future activity — rose 6.9% to 1.543 million permits in August from July. That was still down 2.7% from last August. Single-family permits, though, were up 2% from July to 949,000. Multifamily permits came in at 535,000.
The data reflects two opposing forces builders are trying to balance: the ongoing need for new construction to fill in limited inventory and elevated mortgage rates that are hurting their biggest customer right now, the first-time homebuyer.
"High mortgage rates are clearly taking a toll on builder confidence and consumer demand, as a growing number of buyers are electing to defer a home purchase until long-term rates move lower," Robert Dietz, chief economist of the National Association of Home Builders, said Monday in a press release after builder confidence dropped for the second straight month.
Source: https://ca.finance.yahoo.com/news/homebuilders-face-a-tough-balancing-act-on-new-construction-amid-high-mortgage-rates-130744368.html
Blog – What is next for the Mining Sector – September 2023
The mining sector provides critical material that support solar, wind, and lithium-ion batteries as part of the green transition. https://www.iea.org/news/critical-minerals-market-sees-unprecedented-growth-as-clean-energy-demand-drives-strong-increase-in-investment
The mining sector products play a key role with the global GDP - https://www.yicaiglobal.com/news/global-mining-industry-value-was-69-of-world-gdp-last-year-china-says
Mining practices need to be sustainable including following all ESG policies - https://www.linkedin.com/advice/1/how-can-you-monitor-sustainable-mining-practices
Other links and sources –
Lithium Supply and Price - https://zbr.com.mx/en/sin-categoria-es/lithium-prices-fall-44-in-china-due-to-lack-of-demand/138168/
Cobalt - https://www.linkedin.com/posts/mahmut-karada%C5%9F-a2b7a5151_china-exportrestrictions-gallium-activity-7082603182589157376-Zrty/?trk=public_profile_like_view
Nickel https://www.eureporter.co/business/2023/09/15/stanislav-kondrashov-from-telf-ag-nickel-prices-outlook-remains-positive/
Iron-ore - https://www.brecorder.com/news/40263584/sgx-iron-ore-set-for-best-week-in-3-months
TD Bank / Metals - https://www.tdsecurities.com/ca/en/setting-the-stage-for-gold-outlook
Biodiversity / Mining - https://worldcrunch.com/green/lithium-green-energy-argentina-indigenous
ESG - https://iriscarbon.com/the-added-value-of-integrated-esg-reporting-a-threefold-framework/
Blog – Manufacturing Shipments and Orders – The United States – August 2023
Summary:
New orders for manufacturing technology in the United States totaled $353.9 million in July 2023, as per the latest report by AMT – The Association For Manufacturing Technology. This figure marked a 12.4% decline from June 2023 but remained only 10.5% lower than July 2022. Year-to-date orders amounted to $2.83 billion, reflecting a 12.7% decrease compared to the same period the previous year.
Douglas K. Woods, President of AMT, noted that July is typically a slower month for manufacturing technology orders, so a slight drop was expected. However, he pointed out a notable trend: over the last two months, the year-to-date order gap has narrowed during historically slow periods. While job shops have seen decreased orders, other industries that benefited from reshoring or government investments have helped fill the gap.
Among specific sectors, job shops, the largest customer segment, placed their lowest total monthly orders since August 2020. In contrast, metal valve manufacturers recorded their third-highest monthly order value on record, last seen in September 2018, making up nearly 5% of the total manufacturing technology order value for July 2023. Manufacturers of motor vehicle transmissions continued to order machinery at an elevated pace. However, the aerospace industry continued to order below its early 2022 peaks, with hopes that recent projects like the federal government's $1.5 billion investment in communications satellites might reverse this trend.
Source: https://www.sme.org/technologies/articles/2023/september/u.s.-manufacturing-technology-orders-dip-in-july-but-show-resilience-amid-economic-uncertainty
Stock Market Analysis and Commentary for WE September 15 2023.pptxpaul young cpa, cga
Blog – Analysis and Commentary – Stock Market – WE September 15 2023
Summary:
Stocks fell Friday as investors wrap up a volatile week ahead of the Federal Reserve's policy meeting.
The Dow Jones Industrials tumbled 288.87 points to close out Friday and the week at 34,618.24. At its lows, it completely wiped out Thursday's 332-point rally.
The S&P 500 index sank 54.78 points, or 1.2%, to 4,450.32.
The NASDAQ index plunged 217.72 points, or 1.6%, to 13,708.33.
The Dow held onto a winning week. The S&P 500 and NASDAQ both closed out the week with losses.
Information technology was the worst-performing sector in the S&P 500, down nearly 2%. Adobe shares fell more than 4% even after the software firm posted better-than-expected quarterly results. Shares of Arm Holdings were lower one day after its successful public debut.
Auto stocks General Motors and Stellantis N.V. were higher Friday, while Ford Motor was about flat. Thousands of members of the United Auto Workers went on strike after failing to reach a deal with the automakers Thursday night.
Elsewhere, Lennar shares slid 3%. The home construction firm posted third-quarter results that beat on the top and bottom lines.
On the economic front, the University of Michigan's consumer sentiment survey showed one-year inflation expectations dropped to 3.1% in
September, tied for the lowest since January 2021. Also, the five-year outlook fell to 2.7%, matching its lowest since December 2020.
- Canadian manufacturing sales increased 1.6% in July, led by higher sales in food products, petroleum and coal products, and transportation equipment. Paper and plastics sales decreased the most.
- Inventory levels increased slightly while unfilled orders decreased, pointing to a potential slowdown.
- The manufacturing sector in Canada will continue to face challenges such as global economic uncertainty, rising costs, supply chain issues, climate change risks, and skills shortages.
Electricity Analysis - Canada and the OECD - June 2023.pptxpaul young cpa, cga
Summary:
Over three-quarters of the world’s total coal-generated electricity is consumed in just three countries. China is the top user of coal, making up 53.3% of global coal demand, followed by India at 13.6%, and the U.S. at 8.9%.
Burning coal—for electricity, as well as metallurgy and cement production—is the world’s single largest source of CO2 emissions. Nevertheless, its use in electricity generation has actually grown 91.2% since 1997, the year when the first global climate agreement was signed in Kyoto, Japan.
However, even as non-renewables enjoy their time in the sun, their days could be numbered.
In 2022, renewables, such as wind, solar, and geothermal, represented 14.4% of total electricity generation with an extraordinary annual growth rate of 14.7%, driven by big gains in solar and wind. Non-renewables, by contrast, only managed an anemic 0.4%.
The authors of the Statistical Review do not include hydroelectric in their renewable calculations, even though many others, including the International Energy Agency, consider it a “well-established renewable power technology.”
With hydroelectric moved into the renewable column, together they accounted for over 29.3% of all electricity generated in 2022, with an annual growth rate of 7.4%.
Source - https://energynow.ca/2023/09/infographic-what-electricity-sources-power-the-world-see-them-here-visual-capitalist/
Logistics Warehousing Transportation and Distrbution Analysis and Commentary ...paul young cpa, cga
The document provides an overview of key metrics and trends in the logistics, warehousing, distribution, and transportation sector. It includes data on consumer price index, diesel fuel costs, freight indexes, e-commerce sales, retail sales, class 8 truck sales, EPA emissions standards, trailer sales, and tonnage. It also discusses supply chain management solutions like planning analytics, blockchain, and AI assistants. Finally, it touches on topics like infrastructure spending, automation, and ESG reporting.
Retail Sales and Consumer Spending Analysis and Commentary - United States - ...paul young cpa, cga
United States retail sales rose 0.6% in August despite flat sales at internet retailers after Amazon Prime Day. Most of the increase was due to higher gasoline prices. While consumer spending has been strong, higher interest rates and a slowdown in hiring are expected to restrain purchases in the coming months. Forecasters predict the 2023 holiday shopping season could be the weakest in five years due to economic challenges facing consumers. The retail sector continues facing inventory management challenges and social governance issues.
How to improve the Governance Model for the Public Sector - United States - S...paul young cpa, cga
This document provides a summary of strategies to improve governance in government. It discusses factors that impact governance like transparency and accountability. It recommends using performance audits to assess key performance indicators and ensure recommendations are implemented. Other strategies include improving data ethics and literacy, mitigating geopolitical risks, adopting ESG reporting, and using technology like audit analytics and AI to enhance governance. The overall goal is for government to deliver programs and tax policies with value for money and transparency.
This document provides an analysis of the agriculture output and equipment sector for August 2023. It includes discussions of commodity prices, crop estimates, energy prices, food prices, farming incomes, top farming states, food processors, and the role of technology and government in farming. Key points covered include rising input costs challenging farmers, preliminary crop estimates for Canada, volatility in oil and diesel prices impacting farm expenses, and opportunities for data and automation to help address issues in the agriculture industry.
Biotech Pharmaceutical Medical Equipment and Supplies - Analysis - September ...paul young cpa, cga
This document provides an overview and agenda for a presentation on the biotech, pharmaceutical, and healthcare sector. It includes:
- An introduction and biography of presenter Paul Young CPA CGA
- An agenda covering topics like vaccine production, drug discovery, innovation in areas like storage and AI, and the life sciences strategy
- Links and summaries of information on these topics, including the top vaccine manufacturers, regulations in Canada, and growth in the pharmaceutical market
The presentation aims to discuss key areas of the biotech/pharmaceutical sector including vaccine development and production, drug discovery, innovation, and strategies for the life sciences industry. Links and outside sources are provided to support the topics in the agenda.
Better Public Safety Management using Analytics - September 2023.pptxpaul young cpa, cga
This document discusses using analytics to improve public safety management. It outlines rising public safety costs for governments and key issues facing policing like complex crimes and accountability. The document presents crime rate data for Canada and discusses building machine learning models in SPSS and dashboards in Cognos Analytics to analyze police data and forecast expenses. Finally, it lists potential next steps for crime in Canada like bail and corrections reforms, gun control, and increased police oversight.
Stock Market Analysis and Commentary for WE September 9 2023.pptxpaul young cpa, cga
What did the markets tell us this week?
1. Housing supply and costs continue to plague countries around the world.
2. Gasoline prices are on the rise that puts pressure on central banks ability to hit their core inflation targets.
3. ESG adoption by both the private and public sector is leading to both funding concerns and the overall cost of implementing ESG policies.
4. Adopting technology as part of increasing food production is facing both capital and operational funding concerns.
5. Strike at LNG facility in Australia is leading to concerns around a supply chain disruption of natural gas for EMEA and Asia.
6. The threat of China dumping batteries into markets - https://www.ft.com/content/b6038e51-7b5b-4f97-a5da-9202e71562fc
7. Adoption of generative AI has been facing many challenges related to security, privacy, and ethical issues.
8. Lack of biodiversity planning as part of the overall climate mitigation including sustainable mining, forestry, oil, gas, agriculture, and housing
9. Geopolitical issues continue to impact supply chain.
10. The concerns of recession continue to plague both the private and public sector.
11. Productivity issues continue to plague governments around the world.
Workforce Planning and Employment Analysis - August 2023.pptxpaul young cpa, cga
The document discusses workforce planning and employment analysis. It provides an overview of employment statistics in the United States, Canada, and Australia. It then discusses Sysco's workforce planning model and the role of the CFO in workforce planning. Finally, it defines autonomous finance as the automation of financial operations through software and algorithms, and provides some key statistics on its adoption.
Global Automotive - Analysis and Commentary - August 2023.pptxpaul young cpa, cga
This presentation provides an overview of key trends in the global automotive sector in August 2023. It discusses 1) sales trends in Canada, the US and globally, 2) the growth of electric vehicles and focus on reducing emissions, and 3) ongoing transformation in the industry through automation, connectivity and new technologies. Sources included discuss topics like electric vehicle production and adoption, public safety issues regarding EV fires, gasoline and car prices, supply chain challenges, and green transitions in transportation.
Global (Mining Oil and Gas Forestry and Agriculture) Analysis and Commentary ...paul young cpa, cga
The mining, oil, gas, agriculture, forestry, and mining continue to face environmental, social, and governance policy review including reporting of key metrics as part of ESG reporting cycle.
There is more focus on profitability and investment returns as part of the integrated planning and reporting cycle.
Summary:
The global economy faces what at least one forecaster is calling a mild trade recession as shipments from China slump and German factories downshift.
China’s export declines extended into August, though there were signs that the worst of a world trade slowdown may be over for the leading exporter.
Overseas shipments from China fell 8.8% in dollar terms from a year earlier while imports contracted 7.3%, both better than economists’ estimates and significantly less severe than July’s downturn.
Other data have suggested trade may be stabilizing after weakening for most of this year. Exports from South Korea also declined at a more moderate pace in August than the previous month.
Source: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2023-09-07/supply-chain-latest-world-trade-faces-a-shallow-recession?srnd=economics-v2
Additional sources and links:
Lithium - https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/falling-lithium-prices-challenge-potential-cost-advantages-of-sodium-batteries
Oil Production - https://www.cnn.com/2023/09/06/business/oil-price-goldman-sachs/index.html
Natural gas - https://www.fxstreet.com/news/natural-gas-holds-up-as-markets-in-limbo-over-strikes-202309070956
Lumber - https://www.fastmarkets.com/insights/sawmill-capacity-closures-reshape-us-lumber-supply
Critical metals - https://www.wasterecyclingmag.ca/feature/how-recycling-could-solve-the-shortage-of-minerals-essential-to-clean-energy/
Agriculture - https://www.morningagclips.com/economists-forecast-positive-end-of-year-crop-outlook-despite-warmer-midwestern-climate/
ESG - https://www.skadden.com/insights/publications/2023/09/the-informed-board/the-eus-new-esg-disclosure-rules
Ports - https://www.marketscreener.com/quote/stock/HAPAG-LLOYD-AG-24857717/news/Hapag-Lloyd-chief-warns-of-rougher-seas-ahead-for-container-shipping-44789017/
Top destination for reshoring - https://www.thenationalnews.com/business/economy/2023/08/29/uae-in-top-10-most-powerful-passports-for-investment-opportunity/
Global Trade - https://phys.org/news/2023-09-opinion-broke-global-climate-finish.html
What is next for the Forestry Sector and Lumber Production - September 2023.pptxpaul young cpa, cga
Lumber production in Canada continues to face many hurdles
Canada forest management practices are some of the bests in the world
Canada planted over 440M in seedlings back in 2018. It is now 2022 which means close 2M seedlings have been planted.
All levels need to put more focus on urban and rural planning solutions
More work including spending on wildfire and forest fire mitigation
Canada and USA need to find a path forward to resolve the softwood lumber dispute
There needs to a better balanced between climate change policies and growing the economy in a sustainable way
3D printing for housing needs to become mainstream
More protection needs to happen with key ecosystems like wetlands, forest, and peatlands.
There is a risk of debt default if interest rates are hike over the next few months
5 Tips for Creating Standard Financial ReportsEasyReports
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1. Elemental Economics - Introduction to mining.pdfNeal Brewster
After this first you should: Understand the nature of mining; have an awareness of the industry’s boundaries, corporate structure and size; appreciation the complex motivations and objectives of the industries’ various participants; know how mineral reserves are defined and estimated, and how they evolve over time.
In a tight labour market, job-seekers gain bargaining power and leverage it into greater job quality—at least, that’s the conventional wisdom.
Michael, LMIC Economist, presented findings that reveal a weakened relationship between labour market tightness and job quality indicators following the pandemic. Labour market tightness coincided with growth in real wages for only a portion of workers: those in low-wage jobs requiring little education. Several factors—including labour market composition, worker and employer behaviour, and labour market practices—have contributed to the absence of worker benefits. These will be investigated further in future work.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
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Understanding how timely GST payments influence a lender's decision to approve loans, this topic explores the correlation between GST compliance and creditworthiness. It highlights how consistent GST payments can enhance a business's financial credibility, potentially leading to higher chances of loan approval.
Lecture slide titled Fraud Risk Mitigation, Webinar Lecture Delivered at the Society for West African Internal Audit Practitioners (SWAIAP) on Wednesday, November 8, 2023.
2. PAUL YOUNG - BIO
• CPA, CGA
• Financial Solutions
• Academia
• SME – Risk Management
• SME – Close, Consolidate and Reporting
• SME – Public Policy
• SME – Financial Solutions
• SME – Supply Chain Management
Contact information:
Paul_Young_CGA@Hotmail.com
3. SUMMARY
Business relies on government as part of setting policies
that allow business to invest either domestically or
internationally
Countries require FDI as part of supporting their economy
as such geopolitics can drive risks to both government as
well as business
United Nations needs to return to its’ mandate of world
peace including accountability and transparency when it
comes to aid
Too many countries still have autocratic rules, especially in
Asia, Africa and the Middle East
Liberals around the world are to busy coddling extremism
as way to deflect it from happening in their country. The
problem is radical extremism will never be defeated
through hugs and kisses. The root cause of extremism
comes back to radical beliefs of what their religion is
telling them in terms of their own Caliphate.
Global protectionism is on the rise as USA is looking for
fair trade deals
4. AGENDA
What are Geopolitical
events?
2019 Key Issues
What is going with the
United Nations?
Supply Chain
Management
Integrated
Government Role EU and Hungary
Issues
•North Korea
•Qatar
•Iran
•Yemen
•Syria
•Saudi Arabia
Business Role
2018 Key Risk Areas -
Geopolitical
5. WHAT ARE GEOPOLITICAL EVENTS?
Geopolitics is a method of studying foreign policy to understand,
explain and predict international political behavior through
geographical variables. These include area studies, climate,
topography, demography, natural resources, and applied science of the
region being evaluated
Source - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geopolitics
6. KEY POLITICAL ISSUES FOR 2019
Source - https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-12-05/governments-behaving-badly-political-risks-to-growth-in-2019?cmpid=socialflow-twitter-
business&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=socialflow-organic&utm_source=twitter&utm_content=business
Issue Synopsis
Trade Wars Rise of Protectionism
Italy More and more countries are rising over UN led policies –
i.e. immigration pact
Brexit UK has not formalized their Brexit exit agreement with the
EU
USA Democrats Own the House of Representatives
Election Argentina, Indonesia, Australia, Canada, South Africa,
Nigeria, etc.
Oil Oil pricing and production
Asia Waterways South China Sea
Black Swan "My biggest risk is less to do with a particular country, it’s a
wild terrorist attack," Robin Niblett, the director of Chatham
House, said in an interview. An attack could take any form,
including cyber, with knock on consequences for the world
economy as a major incident could provoke a backlash from
governments
7. WHAT IS GOING WITH UNITED NATIONS?
UN does little to enforce oversight when it comes to foreign aid – Here are a few examples:
The United Nations is losing staggering sums to corruption, mismanagement and bad decision-making ”
http://nationalpost.com/opinion/geoffrey-clarfield-the-united-nations-is-losing-staggering-sums-to-corruption-mismanagement-
and-bad-decision-making “
Poland - All the funding to UN never got PM No Ethics a seat on the security council -
http://www.thenews.pl/1/10/Artykul/310011,Poland-chosen-to-join-UN-Security-Council
UN and corruption - https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/how-corrupt-is-the-united-nations/
“The cost of corruption to society is enormous. In its 2017 report, Global Financial Integrity estimates that illicit financia l
flows (IFFs) in 2014 alone ranged from US$1.4 trillion to $2.5 trillion. The World Economic Forum estimates that the cost
of corruption today equals more than 5 percent of global GDP ($2.6
trillion).”http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/blog/2017/fighting-corruption-for-global-peace--development-and-
security.html
Hamas/Foreign Aid - http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/21183/
Somalia - https://fee.org/articles/how-foreign-aid-hurts-famine-relief-in-somalia/
The bottom line is the UN has failed to ensure foreign aid is getting to the most needed people in the world and/or stopping of civil
wars like Yemen, Iraq and Syria.
Source - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/foreign-aid-transparency-and-accountability-october-2017
8. SUPPLY CHAIN INTEGRATION
• Globalization of Supply Chain
• Business exposure to areas
like climate change or
Governmental changes or
infrastructure or labor rates or
shipping rates or investment
rules or taxation or
environment regulations
10. BUSINESS ROLE
Business needs to expand to
new market
Business needs to follow
laws and regulation in the
countries they do business
11. 2018 – KEY GEOPOLITICAL RISKS
Source - https://www.canadianmanufacturing.com/risk-and-compliance/top-5-global-risks-exporting-
companies-face-2018-206385/
1. North Korea escalation: War on the Korean peninsula is unlikely, but while the paths of escalation are
clear, de-escalation is harder to plot. The search is on for the least bad option. The risks of miscalculation
and accidental escalation are the highest they’ve been since North Korean leader Kim Jong-un assumed
power.
2. Large-scale cyber attacks against infrastructure: 2017 was the year of major but random disruptive
attacks. 2018 could see the likes of WannaCry, NotPetya and BadRabbit recur, but in a more powerful,
targeted and disruptive manner. National infrastructure systems are particularly at risk.
3. US gets protectionist: Low likelihood, high impact, but the threat is there: in a year of mid-term elections,
NAFTA negotiations fail to make enough headway, Donald Trump pulls the US out of NAFTA and the WTO,
and goes after China on trade, causing profound disruption to international commerce.
4. Regional rivalries in the Middle East: Ambitious Saudi Arabia and assertive Iran will not go to war, but
across the region their rivalry will inform and inflame conflicts and enmities in Syria, Lebanon, Iraq and
Yemen and between Israel and the Palestinian Territories.
5. Personalised leadership: Astride the business risk landscape is a collection of assertive world leaders
who rely heavily on nationalism and, to varying degrees, populism. Prone to capricious decision-making,
they find foreign companies convenient targets. More than ever, knowing the mind of the person at the top
is essential.
12. HUNGARY VS EU
The move saw some members of the European People’s Party bloc — of which Orban’s Fidesz movement is a
member — vote against their ally in Budapest.
Orban has for years deflected much of the international condemnation of Hungary’s electoral system, media
freedoms, independence of the judiciary, mistreatment of asylum-seekers and refugees and limits on the
functioning of non-governmental organizations.
13. IRAN
Source - http://www.cnn.com/2017/12/30/world/iran-protests-
issues/index.html
"The government is viewed as highly
corrupt, increasing inequality is seen by
the population as really a form of
injustice," he said, adding "this was
supposed to be a system that delivered
justice to the people after the revolution
of 1979 and it has failed."
Karim Sadjadpour, a senior fellow at the
Carnegie Endowment for International
Peace, said there's also a push to
secure equal rights for women.
Nader said women in Iran have been
fighting for decades for equal rights, but
especially in the last few years, such
efforts have become stronger.
"Women in Iran are highly educated.
They are involved in the workforce,
arguably more so than any other country
in the Middle East, and they are
continually suppressed. This is part of
their fight to gain their freedom and their
rights," he said.
Washington has imposed unilateral sanctions on five Iranian companies linked to Tehran’s ballistic
missile program.
“The Iranian people are rising up in over 79 locations throughout the country,” Haley told the
council.
“It is a powerful exhibition of brave people who have become so fed up with their oppressive
government that they are willing to risk their lives in protest.”
In this Feb. 13, 2017 file photo, Gholamali Khoshroo, Iran’s Ambassador to the United Nations,
speaks at a UN Security Council meeting at UN headquarters. (AP Photo /Mark Lennihan)
Russia’s envoy shot back that if the US view holds, the council should have also discussed the
2014 unrest in Ferguson, Missouri over the police shooting of a black teenager or the US
crackdown on the Occupy Wall Street movement.
China also described the meeting as meddling in Iran’s affairs, while Ethiopia, Kuwait and Sweden
expressed reservations about the discussion.
Britain and France reiterated that Iran must respect the rights of protesters, but French
Ambassador Francois Delattre said the “events of the past days do not constitute a threat to
peace and international security.”
Iran’s Ambassador Gholamali Khoshroo slammed the meeting as a “farce” and a “waste of time”
and said the council should instead focus on addressing the Israeli-Palestinian conflict or the war
in Yemen.
Source - http://www.france24.com/en/20180106-un-security-council-divided-over-iran-protests
or https://www.timesofisrael.com/divided-un-security-council-meets-on-iran-protests/
UNITED NATIONS
14. NORTH KOREA AND THE WORLD
Source - http://www.cnn.com/2017/08/05/asia/north-korea-un-sanctions/index.html
15. QATAR AND MIDDLE EAST
Source - https://seekingalpha.com/news/3271472-arab-nations-sever-ties-qatar?ifp=0
http://www.cnn.com/2017/06/05/middleeast/saudi-bahrain-egypt-uae-qatar-
Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates have broken off relations with
Qatar, in the worst diplomatic crisis to hit Gulf Arab states in decades.
The three Gulf countries and Egypt have accused Qatar of supporting terrorism and
destabilizing the region. Qatar -- which shares its only land border with Saudi Arabia -- has
rejected the accusations calling them "unjustified" and "baseless".
16. YEMEN CIVIL WAR
Source - https://news.sky.com/story/the-yemen-civil-war-needs-to-end-for-global-security-but-
there-is-little-hope-11237355
Yemen is worse than a failed state; it is a country in complete chaos and it is impossible to see
a realistic end to the vicious civil war that has created the world's worst humanitarian crisis
and sliced the country four ways.
Sana'a, the capital, is controlled by Houthi rebels. This rebel group emerged from the northern
mountains in 2014 to govern a city of around two million people.
Iran has sent arms and fighters to back the Houthis; Saudi Arabia in turn has thrown its support
behind the internationally recognised government and carried out sustained bombing of Sana'a,
drawing worldwide criticism because of the high number of civilian deaths.
Airstrikes on Sana'a seem to have lessened, perhaps in recognition that Riyadh's reputation was
taking a battering too, but Saudi jets continue to target towns and villages in the north of the country,
which goes largely undocumented.
17. SYRIA CIVIL WAR
Why was there a civil war?
Syria civil war was also about natural gas which has never been discussed much with MSM - http://www.zerohedge.com/news/2015-09-10/competing-gas-
pipelines-are-fueling-syrian-war-migrant-crisis “
“Assad refused to sign a proposed agreement with Qatar and Turkey that would run a pipeline from the latter’s North field, contiguous with Iran’s South
Pars field, through Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Syria and on to Turkey, with a view to supply European markets – albeit crucially bypassing Russia. Assad’s
rationale was ‘to protect the interests of [his] Russian ally, which is Europe’s largest natural gas supplier”
What’s next for Syria?
• Rebuilding - http://www.middleeasteye.net/essays/after-war-who-is-going-pay-syria-reconstruction-russia-iran-assad-china-871238355 “Most
estimates range from $100bn to $350bn, with some as high as $1 trillion. Jihad Yazigi, editor of independent financial paper Syria Report, puts the sum
at the lower end of the range. “The World Bank and UN estimate it will need $100bn to repair what has been destroyed, with more needed to get Syria
back on track.”
• Who will help? Unless there are major policy U-turns by the EU, the US and Turkey towards the Assad government then Syria is not going to get the
tens of billions of dollars needed to get the country back on its feet. "The narrative that billions [of dollars] will come is wishful thinking," said Kattan.
Instead, Syria will have to rely on small-scale investments and infrastructure developments to push itself along. Reconstruction will only be a long-term
project – and that is only if Damascus eventually develops a strategy. Alam said: "It will be small investments and a gradual regeneration of businesses.
No game-changers, but it will keep the local economy going.“
• Syria is approaching countries like China, Iran and Russia for help in terms securing funding to re-build infrastructure -
http://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy-defence/article/2121552/syria-courts-china-rebuilding-push-after-fall-islamic
Issues with Assad:
• Chemical weapons used suppressed rebels - http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-42944033
• Assad needs to replaced with democratic elections - https://www.rappler.com/world/regions/middle-east/195186-
turkey-says-assad-must-go-some-point
• The problem with Syria are fractions, i.e. Kurds, Yazidis, Christians and Arabs - https://theconversation.com/stakes-
are-high-as-turkey-russia-and-the-us-tussle-over-the-future-of-syria-90454
18. SAUDI ARABIA
• “There will be "severe punishment" for Saudi Arabia if it turns out that missing journalist Jamal Khashoggi was
killed in the Saudi consulate in Istanbul, President Trump said in a 60 Minutes interview that will air on Sunday. But
he does not want to block military sales to kingdom. "I don't want to hurt jobs... I don't want to lose an order like
that,” he said, singling out Boeing (NYSE:BA), Lockheed (NYSE:LMT) and Raytheon (NYSE:RTN). "And you know what,
there are other ways of punishing.” - https://ca.news.yahoo.com/saudi-arabia-says-respond-economic-sanctions-
spa-112824051.html
• Saudi Arabia continues to suppressed freedom of speech - https://www.businessinsider.com/timeline-of-canada-
saudi-arabia-diplomatic-feud-over-human-rights-2018-8
• It might be time to remove countries like Saudi Arabia from the UN Human Rights Council -
https://www.ohchr.org/en/hrbodies/hrc/pages/currentmembers.aspx
19. LATIN AMERICA
• Rise of Central American Gangs - https://thewire.in/world/what-lies-behind-central-americas-gang-violence “El
Salvador, Honduras and Guatemala in Central America have the highest homicide rates in the world. Gangs,
popularly known as maras, are responsible for much of the violence and crime. Most of the killers and victims
are gang members themselves caught in turf battles.” – USA help contribute to the problem through their
foreign policy work “The US is responsible, to a large extent, for the civil wars in Central America. To protect and
promote the commercial interests of the American corporations in the region, the US administration had
converted the Central American countries into ‘banana republics’ by undermining democracies and encouraging
and installing right-wing military dictatorships.”
• Where is the UN on security and government corruption - https://www.ozy.com/politics-and-power/central-
american-activists-renew-efforts-to-fight-elite-corruption/90852
• GDP growth is a struggle for many countries in latin America - https://www.thedialogue.org/analysis/what-does-
2019-hold-for-economies-in-latin-america/
• Poverty problems - https://www.wsj.com/articles/central-america-migrants-flee-crime-and-poverty-despite-u-s-
crackdown-1529924401
Conclusion:
• UN needs to bring stabilization to Latin America through peacekeeping and economic development supports
• FDI into latin America needs to be encourage as part of economic development to help improve the quality of life
for Latin America
• More investments required in education - http://www.ipsnews.net/2018/07/half-young-people-poor-central-
american-neighbourhoods-want-migrate/
20. CANADA / ISIS It is amazing how you can search out for people that share your view when it comes to ISIL threat. Goodale did say
on TV that he did not think you re-habilitate ISIL soldiers, so what changed?
http://torontosun.com/opinion/columnists/malcolm-trudeaus-de-radicalization-approach-is-dangerous
http://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/rise-of-extremism-in-2017-should-be-a-wakeup-call-for-canada-1.3706645
It is amazing the government says they are concerned for the safety of Canadians and yet says little on how it will
handle the 60 so called ISIS fighters. Here is information on ISIS:
1. http://www.cnn.com/2017/10/01/americas/edmonton-vehicle-attacks-investigation/index.html - ISIS attack
on a police officer
2. LPC defeats motion on ISIS - https://pamelageller.com/2017/12/trudeua-liberals-support-isis.html/
3. Motion on LPC plans to de-radicalized ISIS -
https://www.facebook.com/GlobalNews/videos/1616460011735091/
4. ISIS - https://youtu.be/bGcyuY_pBLM
5. Gender https://www.facebook.com/michellerempelmp/videos/1629422210450425/
6. Trudeau and Terrorist - https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2016/09/29/canadian-suspect-in-terror-
probe-took-selfie-with-justin-trudeau.html
7. Trudeau and lack of respect for Canadians - https://www.spencerfernando.com/2017/11/30/trudeau-show-
emotion-defending-people-hate-canada/
8. Deletion of records -
https://www.therebel.media/trudeau_has_rcmp_delete_5_000_intelligence_records_on_muslim_migrants
9. Radicalization - https://www.facebook.com/CBCPolitics/videos/1875219699173523/
10. Goodale again is blaming Harper -
https://www.facebook.com/michellerempelmp/videos/1622101751182471/
11. Public Safety is not tracking when intervention is used for radicals -
http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/deradicalization-canada-isis-fighters-program-1.4414999?cmp=news-
digests-canada-and-world-morning
““Mr. Speaker, the Conservative Party learned
nothing from the last election and the lessons
Canadians taught them. They ran an election on
snitch lines against Muslims, they ran an election
on Islamophobia and division, and still they play
the same games, trying to scare Canadians. The
fact is we always focus on the security of
Canadians, and we always will. They play the
politics of fear, and Canadians reject that.”
http://torontosun.com/opinion/columnists/furey-
trudeau-labels-legit-terrorism-questions-as-
islamophobia
21. RISK MANAGEMENT
• More and more companies include risk management as part of the reporting
23. OPERATION RISK/ CATHERINE MCKENNA
Top Operational Risks issues by Business
1. Data Compromised
2. IT Disruption
3. IT Failure
4. Organizational Change
5. Theft and Fraud
6. Outsourcing and Third-Party Risk
7. Regulatory Risk
8. Data Management
9. Brexit
10. Mis-Selling
• Source - https://www.risk.net/risk-management/6470126/top-10-op-
risks-2019
No where does business have climate change as top operational risk issue for business!
24. RISK FACTORS – INSURANCE / CATHERINE MCKENNA
• Source - https://www.pwc.com/us/en/industries/insurance/library/top-issues.html or
https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/.../ca-emerging-risks-global-insurance.pdf
• Insurance does assess many factors as part of identifying
payouts
• It is not one factor that is considered but many factors
• Insurance companies are deploying many tools like machine
learning , AI and Risk Analytics - https://emerj.com/ai-sector-
overviews/machine-learning-at-insurance-companies/