Urban Renewal and conservation of Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu
Heritage background, places of importance, cultural background, land use and activities with respect to heritage conservation
Srirangam is an island town in Tamil Nadu, India with a population of over 2 million people. It is home to the Srirangam Temple complex which covers an area of 6.79 million square feet and has 21 towers, making it the largest functioning Hindu temple in the world. The town developed around the temple, with residential areas arranged in concentric circles based on caste. The temple remains the economic and cultural center of Srirangam, drawing over 7 million visitors annually.
The document proposes a business model for a sustainable hostel in Philadelphia called Hostel Shackamaxon. It discusses how tourism impacts the environment and economies. It also analyzes Philadelphia's growing tourism industry and the lack of sustainable and budget-friendly accommodations. The proposed hostel aims to fill this need while promoting environmental stewardship and community engagement in the neighborhood of Fishtown.
Chennai is the capital city of Tamil Nadu and the fourth largest city in India. It has a population of over 4 million people and covers around 1,189 square kilometers. Chennai receives its water from various sources, including local aquifers, desalination plants, and reservoirs, but demand is expected to exceed supply by 2031 if additional sources are not developed. The city faces issues with solid waste management, flooding during heavy rains, and inadequate water supply for both drinking and irrigation needs.
Chandigarh City is one of the most significant urban planning experiments of the 20th century, and the only one of Le Corbusier's planning schemes to be fully realized. It was designed to be the capital of Punjab after its division, with Le Corbusier's master plan dividing the city into sectors focused around circulation, living, working, leisure, and governance. Key features include the Capitol Complex administrative center, City Centre commercial hub, and a network of roads classified by function. Landscaping and architectural aesthetics were an important part of Le Corbusier's vision for the planned city.
The Tara Housing Group in New Delhi, India consists of 160 apartment units constructed between 1975-1978. It was designed by architect Charles Correa to provide social housing for middle-income residents. The complex consists of small apartment blocks arranged around a central garden to provide privacy while maximizing access to light and ventilation. Parking is located at the back of the buildings to isolate vehicles and preserve the pedestrian-focused design.
The document discusses the town planning of Delhi, including its geography, history of urbanization, population growth trends, and master plans implemented over time to accommodate increasing population. It provides details on the planning and development of Shahjahanabad during Mughal rule in the 17th century, including the layout of key areas like the Red Fort, Jama Masjid mosque, streets, neighborhoods, gardens and city walls. It also briefly outlines the subsequent development of Lutyens' Delhi after Delhi became the capital under British rule in the early 20th century.
Urban Renewal and conservation of Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu
Heritage background, places of importance, cultural background, land use and activities with respect to heritage conservation
Srirangam is an island town in Tamil Nadu, India with a population of over 2 million people. It is home to the Srirangam Temple complex which covers an area of 6.79 million square feet and has 21 towers, making it the largest functioning Hindu temple in the world. The town developed around the temple, with residential areas arranged in concentric circles based on caste. The temple remains the economic and cultural center of Srirangam, drawing over 7 million visitors annually.
The document proposes a business model for a sustainable hostel in Philadelphia called Hostel Shackamaxon. It discusses how tourism impacts the environment and economies. It also analyzes Philadelphia's growing tourism industry and the lack of sustainable and budget-friendly accommodations. The proposed hostel aims to fill this need while promoting environmental stewardship and community engagement in the neighborhood of Fishtown.
Chennai is the capital city of Tamil Nadu and the fourth largest city in India. It has a population of over 4 million people and covers around 1,189 square kilometers. Chennai receives its water from various sources, including local aquifers, desalination plants, and reservoirs, but demand is expected to exceed supply by 2031 if additional sources are not developed. The city faces issues with solid waste management, flooding during heavy rains, and inadequate water supply for both drinking and irrigation needs.
Chandigarh City is one of the most significant urban planning experiments of the 20th century, and the only one of Le Corbusier's planning schemes to be fully realized. It was designed to be the capital of Punjab after its division, with Le Corbusier's master plan dividing the city into sectors focused around circulation, living, working, leisure, and governance. Key features include the Capitol Complex administrative center, City Centre commercial hub, and a network of roads classified by function. Landscaping and architectural aesthetics were an important part of Le Corbusier's vision for the planned city.
The Tara Housing Group in New Delhi, India consists of 160 apartment units constructed between 1975-1978. It was designed by architect Charles Correa to provide social housing for middle-income residents. The complex consists of small apartment blocks arranged around a central garden to provide privacy while maximizing access to light and ventilation. Parking is located at the back of the buildings to isolate vehicles and preserve the pedestrian-focused design.
The document discusses the town planning of Delhi, including its geography, history of urbanization, population growth trends, and master plans implemented over time to accommodate increasing population. It provides details on the planning and development of Shahjahanabad during Mughal rule in the 17th century, including the layout of key areas like the Red Fort, Jama Masjid mosque, streets, neighborhoods, gardens and city walls. It also briefly outlines the subsequent development of Lutyens' Delhi after Delhi became the capital under British rule in the early 20th century.
IIT Roorkee is located in Roorkee, Uttarakhand near the foothills of the Himalayas. It was founded in 1847 to train engineers for construction projects. Over time it has expanded to include various engineering, science and management programs. It has two campuses in Roorkee and Saharanpur covering over 381 acres with various academic departments, hostels, facilities and centers. It has over 8,000 students and 1,400 faculty and staff. The document provides details on the location, history, programs, infrastructure and facilities of IIT Roorkee.
This document provides information on land use and zoning in District 12 of Mysore, India. It outlines that:
- District 12 lies in the core of Mysore city and is predominantly residential, with major commercial areas along roads like JBL road.
- As of the existing scenario, residential land makes up 43.45% of the total developed area on the district, while commercial is 2.45%, industrial is 13.22%, and other uses like parks, public/semi-public, and transportation make up the remaining portions.
- The proposed land use plan for 2031 forecasts changes like a decrease in residential area but increases in commercial, parks/open spaces, and public/semi-
Badami town is located in Bagalkot district of Karnataka between two rocky hills at the mouth of a ravine. It is situated on State Highway 14 and connected by rail. Badami was formerly known as Vatapi and is an important historical town, known for its rock cut caves and temples from the 6th century. The population grew from 9,168 in 1951 to 19,982 in 1991. Major occupations include agriculture and tertiary industries like hotels. The 2021 masterplan designates 48% of land for residential use, 24% for transportation and commercial, and 12% for public and semi-public use. Problems include poor drainage systems.
LIBRARY STUDY, 8TH SEM, COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE, BHADDAL,
concourse, hierarchy of bus terminals, i.s.b.t. design, introduction, layout, planning criteria, sizes, space requirements, types of vehicular movement
The project aims to serve underprivileged communities by providing services and seeing humanity in every individual. It focuses on Ramapir No Tekro, the largest slum in Ahmedabad with people from scheduled castes and Potter families. The multi-purpose activity center serves as an informal school, provides evening education for adults, and serves as a training center. The 1200 sqm site is located next to existing community centers. The architect designed the building using sustainable and locally sourced materials like fly ash bricks, glass and plastic bottles, recycled wood and more to provide vocational training and community services while empowering people economically.
The document describes the Tara Housing Group project in New Delhi, India. It was designed to provide affordable housing for middle-class families in a suburb of New Delhi. The design arranged single-family flats into united blocks around a central garden. This preserved privacy while providing access to shared open space. Each unit had an open terrace and maximized natural light and ventilation. While successful for its time, the design faces challenges today in accommodating increased living standards and development regulations around services, density, parking, and unit sizes. However, the social aspects of community space, interaction, and comfort remain relevant lessons for contemporary housing.
IIT Delhi is one of India's top engineering colleges located in New Delhi. It was established in 1961 and has developed into a 320-acre campus divided into residential, academic, and recreational zones. The academic area at the center of the campus contains the main building, eight departments, a central library, and other facilities. Surrounding the academic zone are housing for faculty and students, including nine boys' hostels and three girls' hostels. Throughout the campus, lush green landscaping and brick architecture create a quiet oasis amid the urban environment.
This document summarizes two case studies of urban parks - Taman Tasik Perdana in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Washington Park in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It provides background on the history and development of each park over time. Taman Tasik Perdana was initially created in 1888 and Washington Park was founded in 1891. Both parks now serve as large recreational spaces within their cities, offering amenities like playgrounds, sports facilities, picnic areas, and more. The document describes the landscape features and site context of each park through maps, photos and diagrams.
The document summarizes Charles Correa's incremental housing project in CBD Belapur, India. It describes the project's low-cost housing typologies designed around communal courtyards. Housing was organized into clusters of 7-12 pairs of freestanding homes arranged around shared spaces. This allowed residents to independently modify their own homes over time. While many original structures have been replaced, the hierarchy of community spaces remains intact decades later. The project demonstrated high-density affordable housing built at a human scale with simple materials. However, maintaining common spaces and adapting to changing aspirations have presented challenges over time.
This case study examines the City Centre Kolkata project, a commercial, cultural, and social hub in Kolkata, India designed by architect Charles Correa. The project aims to create a space that serves as a node for various activities. Located in Salt Lake City, it incorporates mixed uses on its 50,400 square meter site. Key aspects of the design include replicating conventional Indian shopping markets with an open, clustered layout, and connecting public spaces and diverse activities through built forms and linkages. Floor plans show the arrangement of functions across levels, while sections illustrate the integration of interior and exterior spaces.
1. The Mattanchery Palace area is impacted by multiple development regulations from various authorities due to its cultural heritage designation.
2. The AMSAR Act prohibits new construction within 100m of the palace and limits development within 300m.
3. This conflicts with plans to promote tourism and development in the area.
4. A unified development plan is needed to balance heritage conservation with equitable development rights.
Connaught Place is a large financial and commercial center in Delhi developed in the 1930s based on European architectural styles. It was designed with a circular central area surrounded by seven radial roads. Originally intended for commercial and residential use, it is now solely commercial and a major attraction in Delhi hosting many public buildings, shops, and offices.
Karunashraya is a hospice located in Bangalore that provides free palliative care to advanced stage cancer patients. It was established in 1999 by the Indian Cancer Society and Rotary Bangalore Indiranagar. The hospice accepts 55 inpatients and also provides home care. Services include inpatient care, home care, training programs, pain management, and educational workshops. The building is designed to provide natural light and ventilation to patients. It has rooms, recreational areas, a kitchen, and auditorium to care for patients in their final days with dignity and peace.
vernacular architecture of north east indiaHriday Das
The document provides information on the vernacular architecture of Northeast India, specifically focusing on the states of Arunachal Pradesh and Meghalaya. It describes the traditional building materials and construction techniques used by tribes in the region, which include bamboo, wood, thatch, and locally available plants. Houses are designed to be elevated on stilts for protection from floods and have sloped roofs to shed heavy monsoon rains. Interior spaces are organized based on family structure and social activities. The simple designs demonstrate an adaption to the cold, hilly environment with minimal insulation and openings.
JAIPUR CITY URBAN DESIGN, ANALYSIS.
REPORT BASED ON THE PAPER:-
Space Formation of Jaipur City, Rajastan, India An
Analysis on City Maps (1925-28) made by Survey of
India
Shuji Funo, Naohiko Yamamoto & Mohan Pant
Public Spaces form a major part of the society, temples and spaces around the temple have interesting spaces , the quality of these spaces are absent in todays urbanized buildings. The journey through these heritage buildings become an experience unlike malls in today‟s cities where the journey is restricted, where you know where you will get to, but spaces like streets and the life here has something to be discovered, A story to tell. In this paper I have studied mylapore as a area and the way it got transformed as we see it today.
The interesting spaces in and around the temple.
Kohinoor Square is a mixed-use skyscraper complex in Mumbai comprising a 203m main tower and 142m residential tower. The main tower has shopping malls on the lower floors and a five-star hotel on the upper floors. The residential tower has parking on the lower 15 floors and apartments on the upper 20 floors. The complex was designed to be environmentally sustainable and received a LEED Gold rating. It has large landscaped gardens and terraces to maximize natural light and minimize heat gain. The central core structure uses a post-tensioned concrete slab system. The complex provides parking for 2000 cars and is well-connected to various parts of Mumbai by major roads.
Study of city evolution- temple town Madurai Sulthan Ahamed
Madurai, located in Tamil Nadu, India, is an ancient city with a long history as the capital of the Pandyan Kingdom. Known as the "Athens of the East," the city evolved around the Meenakshi Amman Temple complex located at its center. Madurai was carefully planned according to traditional Indian principles with concentric streets radiating outward from the temple. Lower castes lived farther from the temple core. Today, Madurai remains an important economic, cultural, and transportation hub of Tamil Nadu renowned for its vibrant cultural life and traditions.
The document discusses the infrastructure, operations, and facilities required for efficient railport design and management. It covers maintenance of tracks, signals, electricity supply and rolling stock. It also describes coach washing, locomotive fueling, train operations including dispatching and shunting. Key passenger facilities like security, catering, ticketing, tourism and staff amenities are outlined. The case study of Chennai Central station provides specific examples of implementation.
Charles Correa: Seeking new Identity of Indian Architecture through " Criti...souvik das
This document discusses Charles Correa's approach to critical regionalism in architecture. It provides background on the origins of the term "critical regionalism" and its goals of addressing issues of placelessness while rejecting pure ornamentation. It examines Correa's focus on site context, climatic responsiveness, cultural values, and use of local materials blended with new technologies. The document analyzes two of Correa's projects - the Gandhi Smarak Sangrahalaya museum in Ahmedabad, which uses a modular design with a central pool, and the Jahar Kala Kendra center, whose plan draws from the nine-square city model of Jaipur. Both prioritize ventilation, light, and response to climate.
Trichy is so called, Thiruchi, Thiruchirapally. Fourth largest municipal corporation in Tamil Nadu state. This city plays an important role in Educational Institutions. Some of them are IIM, NIT,BHEL, OFT etc..
This document summarizes the community policing model implemented in Trichy, India. The model was developed by IPS officer J.K. Tripathy in 1999 in response to high crime rates and tensions between religious communities in Trichy. Tripathy selected reliable constables and had them gather community intelligence for a week without reporting to the office. This improved information quality and community relations. Tripathy then expanded this model across Trichy by selecting constables, creating awareness, building ownership, overcoming challenges like shirking and corruption, and motivating constables. This helped reduce crime and build trust between police and the community.
IIT Roorkee is located in Roorkee, Uttarakhand near the foothills of the Himalayas. It was founded in 1847 to train engineers for construction projects. Over time it has expanded to include various engineering, science and management programs. It has two campuses in Roorkee and Saharanpur covering over 381 acres with various academic departments, hostels, facilities and centers. It has over 8,000 students and 1,400 faculty and staff. The document provides details on the location, history, programs, infrastructure and facilities of IIT Roorkee.
This document provides information on land use and zoning in District 12 of Mysore, India. It outlines that:
- District 12 lies in the core of Mysore city and is predominantly residential, with major commercial areas along roads like JBL road.
- As of the existing scenario, residential land makes up 43.45% of the total developed area on the district, while commercial is 2.45%, industrial is 13.22%, and other uses like parks, public/semi-public, and transportation make up the remaining portions.
- The proposed land use plan for 2031 forecasts changes like a decrease in residential area but increases in commercial, parks/open spaces, and public/semi-
Badami town is located in Bagalkot district of Karnataka between two rocky hills at the mouth of a ravine. It is situated on State Highway 14 and connected by rail. Badami was formerly known as Vatapi and is an important historical town, known for its rock cut caves and temples from the 6th century. The population grew from 9,168 in 1951 to 19,982 in 1991. Major occupations include agriculture and tertiary industries like hotels. The 2021 masterplan designates 48% of land for residential use, 24% for transportation and commercial, and 12% for public and semi-public use. Problems include poor drainage systems.
LIBRARY STUDY, 8TH SEM, COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE, BHADDAL,
concourse, hierarchy of bus terminals, i.s.b.t. design, introduction, layout, planning criteria, sizes, space requirements, types of vehicular movement
The project aims to serve underprivileged communities by providing services and seeing humanity in every individual. It focuses on Ramapir No Tekro, the largest slum in Ahmedabad with people from scheduled castes and Potter families. The multi-purpose activity center serves as an informal school, provides evening education for adults, and serves as a training center. The 1200 sqm site is located next to existing community centers. The architect designed the building using sustainable and locally sourced materials like fly ash bricks, glass and plastic bottles, recycled wood and more to provide vocational training and community services while empowering people economically.
The document describes the Tara Housing Group project in New Delhi, India. It was designed to provide affordable housing for middle-class families in a suburb of New Delhi. The design arranged single-family flats into united blocks around a central garden. This preserved privacy while providing access to shared open space. Each unit had an open terrace and maximized natural light and ventilation. While successful for its time, the design faces challenges today in accommodating increased living standards and development regulations around services, density, parking, and unit sizes. However, the social aspects of community space, interaction, and comfort remain relevant lessons for contemporary housing.
IIT Delhi is one of India's top engineering colleges located in New Delhi. It was established in 1961 and has developed into a 320-acre campus divided into residential, academic, and recreational zones. The academic area at the center of the campus contains the main building, eight departments, a central library, and other facilities. Surrounding the academic zone are housing for faculty and students, including nine boys' hostels and three girls' hostels. Throughout the campus, lush green landscaping and brick architecture create a quiet oasis amid the urban environment.
This document summarizes two case studies of urban parks - Taman Tasik Perdana in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Washington Park in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It provides background on the history and development of each park over time. Taman Tasik Perdana was initially created in 1888 and Washington Park was founded in 1891. Both parks now serve as large recreational spaces within their cities, offering amenities like playgrounds, sports facilities, picnic areas, and more. The document describes the landscape features and site context of each park through maps, photos and diagrams.
The document summarizes Charles Correa's incremental housing project in CBD Belapur, India. It describes the project's low-cost housing typologies designed around communal courtyards. Housing was organized into clusters of 7-12 pairs of freestanding homes arranged around shared spaces. This allowed residents to independently modify their own homes over time. While many original structures have been replaced, the hierarchy of community spaces remains intact decades later. The project demonstrated high-density affordable housing built at a human scale with simple materials. However, maintaining common spaces and adapting to changing aspirations have presented challenges over time.
This case study examines the City Centre Kolkata project, a commercial, cultural, and social hub in Kolkata, India designed by architect Charles Correa. The project aims to create a space that serves as a node for various activities. Located in Salt Lake City, it incorporates mixed uses on its 50,400 square meter site. Key aspects of the design include replicating conventional Indian shopping markets with an open, clustered layout, and connecting public spaces and diverse activities through built forms and linkages. Floor plans show the arrangement of functions across levels, while sections illustrate the integration of interior and exterior spaces.
1. The Mattanchery Palace area is impacted by multiple development regulations from various authorities due to its cultural heritage designation.
2. The AMSAR Act prohibits new construction within 100m of the palace and limits development within 300m.
3. This conflicts with plans to promote tourism and development in the area.
4. A unified development plan is needed to balance heritage conservation with equitable development rights.
Connaught Place is a large financial and commercial center in Delhi developed in the 1930s based on European architectural styles. It was designed with a circular central area surrounded by seven radial roads. Originally intended for commercial and residential use, it is now solely commercial and a major attraction in Delhi hosting many public buildings, shops, and offices.
Karunashraya is a hospice located in Bangalore that provides free palliative care to advanced stage cancer patients. It was established in 1999 by the Indian Cancer Society and Rotary Bangalore Indiranagar. The hospice accepts 55 inpatients and also provides home care. Services include inpatient care, home care, training programs, pain management, and educational workshops. The building is designed to provide natural light and ventilation to patients. It has rooms, recreational areas, a kitchen, and auditorium to care for patients in their final days with dignity and peace.
vernacular architecture of north east indiaHriday Das
The document provides information on the vernacular architecture of Northeast India, specifically focusing on the states of Arunachal Pradesh and Meghalaya. It describes the traditional building materials and construction techniques used by tribes in the region, which include bamboo, wood, thatch, and locally available plants. Houses are designed to be elevated on stilts for protection from floods and have sloped roofs to shed heavy monsoon rains. Interior spaces are organized based on family structure and social activities. The simple designs demonstrate an adaption to the cold, hilly environment with minimal insulation and openings.
JAIPUR CITY URBAN DESIGN, ANALYSIS.
REPORT BASED ON THE PAPER:-
Space Formation of Jaipur City, Rajastan, India An
Analysis on City Maps (1925-28) made by Survey of
India
Shuji Funo, Naohiko Yamamoto & Mohan Pant
Public Spaces form a major part of the society, temples and spaces around the temple have interesting spaces , the quality of these spaces are absent in todays urbanized buildings. The journey through these heritage buildings become an experience unlike malls in today‟s cities where the journey is restricted, where you know where you will get to, but spaces like streets and the life here has something to be discovered, A story to tell. In this paper I have studied mylapore as a area and the way it got transformed as we see it today.
The interesting spaces in and around the temple.
Kohinoor Square is a mixed-use skyscraper complex in Mumbai comprising a 203m main tower and 142m residential tower. The main tower has shopping malls on the lower floors and a five-star hotel on the upper floors. The residential tower has parking on the lower 15 floors and apartments on the upper 20 floors. The complex was designed to be environmentally sustainable and received a LEED Gold rating. It has large landscaped gardens and terraces to maximize natural light and minimize heat gain. The central core structure uses a post-tensioned concrete slab system. The complex provides parking for 2000 cars and is well-connected to various parts of Mumbai by major roads.
Study of city evolution- temple town Madurai Sulthan Ahamed
Madurai, located in Tamil Nadu, India, is an ancient city with a long history as the capital of the Pandyan Kingdom. Known as the "Athens of the East," the city evolved around the Meenakshi Amman Temple complex located at its center. Madurai was carefully planned according to traditional Indian principles with concentric streets radiating outward from the temple. Lower castes lived farther from the temple core. Today, Madurai remains an important economic, cultural, and transportation hub of Tamil Nadu renowned for its vibrant cultural life and traditions.
The document discusses the infrastructure, operations, and facilities required for efficient railport design and management. It covers maintenance of tracks, signals, electricity supply and rolling stock. It also describes coach washing, locomotive fueling, train operations including dispatching and shunting. Key passenger facilities like security, catering, ticketing, tourism and staff amenities are outlined. The case study of Chennai Central station provides specific examples of implementation.
Charles Correa: Seeking new Identity of Indian Architecture through " Criti...souvik das
This document discusses Charles Correa's approach to critical regionalism in architecture. It provides background on the origins of the term "critical regionalism" and its goals of addressing issues of placelessness while rejecting pure ornamentation. It examines Correa's focus on site context, climatic responsiveness, cultural values, and use of local materials blended with new technologies. The document analyzes two of Correa's projects - the Gandhi Smarak Sangrahalaya museum in Ahmedabad, which uses a modular design with a central pool, and the Jahar Kala Kendra center, whose plan draws from the nine-square city model of Jaipur. Both prioritize ventilation, light, and response to climate.
Trichy is so called, Thiruchi, Thiruchirapally. Fourth largest municipal corporation in Tamil Nadu state. This city plays an important role in Educational Institutions. Some of them are IIM, NIT,BHEL, OFT etc..
This document summarizes the community policing model implemented in Trichy, India. The model was developed by IPS officer J.K. Tripathy in 1999 in response to high crime rates and tensions between religious communities in Trichy. Tripathy selected reliable constables and had them gather community intelligence for a week without reporting to the office. This improved information quality and community relations. Tripathy then expanded this model across Trichy by selecting constables, creating awareness, building ownership, overcoming challenges like shirking and corruption, and motivating constables. This helped reduce crime and build trust between police and the community.
Church History of Tiruchirappalli DCC in Trichy Tanjore Diocesedorairajtts
This document lists the names of various churches in chronological order, beginning with St. Thomas in the 1600s. It mentions Danish Fort, Tranquebar and key figures like Rev. Dr. J. Dorairaj, Roberto Di Nobili, and Rev. C.F. Schwartz who were involved in establishing early churches. The list of church names ranges from the 1700s to recent churches from the 1980s and 1990s, showing the growth and spread of Christianity in the region over three centuries.
The Srirangam temple complex in Srirangam, India is the largest functioning Hindu temple in the world, covering over 630,000 square meters. It is bounded by the Kaveri River and its distributary, the Kollidam River. The complex consists of 7 walled sections and 21 towers, including the 236 foot tall Rajagopuram tower that dominates the landscape for miles. The temple contains many structures like the Hall of 1000 Pillars and shrines to various forms of Vishnu. It follows Dravidian architecture and attracts over 1 million visitors annually for its 21 day festival.
Ensuring Access & Availability of Drinking Water Supply During Drought. Tiruc...NITI Aayog
The document summarizes the drought situation and drinking water crisis faced in Tiruchirappalli District, Tamil Nadu in 2012-2013. Due to very poor rainfall, water storage in reservoirs was low and groundwater levels dropped sharply. To address the potential drinking water shortage, the district administration implemented 3859 water supply projects worth Rs. 314 crores, utilizing various funding schemes. Measures included increasing water storage and harvesting through farm ponds, desilting tanks, check dams, and converting defunct wells into rainwater harvesting structures. A 24/7 helpline also helped resolve citizen issues promptly. The integrated measures helped avert a major crisis.
The Vijayanagar empire was established in South India in 1336 by two brothers, Harihara and Bukka, who rebelled against the Delhi Sultanate. They built the city of Vijayanagar, which lasted for over 230 years and was ruled by three main dynasties. The greatest ruler was Krishnadeva Raya, who defeated neighboring enemies and expanded the empire. However, the empire grew weak after his death and was defeated by a coalition of neighboring rulers in 1565 in the battle of Talikota, bringing an end to the Vijayanagar kingdom.
This document provides a history of the Vijayanagara Kingdom, which was one of the major Hindu kingdoms in South India between 1336 and 1646 AD. It summarizes the four dynasties that ruled Vijayanagara: the Sangama dynasty (1336-1486 AD), the Saluva dynasty (1486-1505 AD), the Tuluva dynasty (1505-1567 AD), and the Aravidu dynasty. It focuses on key rulers from each dynasty such as Bukka Raya I, Devaraya II, Krishnadevaraya, and Aliya Ramaraya. It describes their military conquests, administrative achievements, and patronage of arts and culture. The document
Sikh Architecture is an amalgamation of religious architecture of the buildings of the faith and traditional Indo-Sarsenic style. It includes all the buildings serving the devotional, ritualistic and religious functions of the Sikh Community. We can spot any Sikh temple from distance by seeing a flag mast (Nishan Sahib) which is draped in yellow or blue with triangular flag with the Sikh insignia fluttering in the breeze. Its dome is different from domes of mosques or Hindu temples, so are its arches, balconies, columns, interiors and general layout.
The document summarizes Awadh/Oudh architecture from the Awadh region in central Uttar Pradesh, India. It describes important architectural sites from the era, including the Bara Imambara, one of Asia's largest vaulted halls without external supports. Other notable structures mentioned are the Rumi Darwaza gateway, inspired by Istanbul and notable for its arched openings and domed kiosk, and the Asfi Mosque within the Imambara complex. The document outlines the features of Awadh architecture like use of vaulted ceilings and multiple entrances without beams or iron supports.
Vijayanagara was characterized by distinctive layout and fortifications. It was located in a natural basin formed by the Tungabhadra River, providing water resources through reservoirs and canals like the Hiriya canal. The city had seven lines of fortifications encircling not just the city but also agricultural and forested areas. Within these fortifications were three lines, with the innermost surrounding the royal center where each major building was also walled. Roads led through fortified gateways and paved streets connected areas within and outside the urban core, which contained numerous shrines and temples indicating diverse religious communities.
The document summarizes the Vijayanagar and Bahamani Kingdoms of South India. It discusses the establishment of the Vijayanagar Kingdom to protect Hindus during political instability. Key rulers like Harihar, Bukka, and Krishnadevaraya expanded the kingdom. Krishnadevaraya achieved military, administrative, literary, religious, and architectural successes before the kingdom declined due to weak later kings and attacks by sultans. It also summarizes the founding of the Bahamani Kingdom by Hasan Gangu and reforms under Mahmud Gawan before its disintegration into five sultanates.
The document provides details about the Vijayanagara architecture found at the historic city of Hampi in India. Some key points:
1) The ruins are divided into the Royal Centre, where the kings lived, and the Sacred Centre along the river, which contains intricately decorated temples like the Virupaksha Temple.
2) Architecture is modest in scale but spans large areas, using granite and chlorite stone. Pillars are decorated with horses, soldiers, and smaller pillars.
3) The Hazara Rama Temple in the Royal Centre was used by the royal family and features four massive black stone pillars and reliefs of court scenes and Krishna.
4) Other structures described
Madurai is an important city in Tamil Nadu known as the "Athens of the East" and "Temple City". It was originally the capital of the Pandyan Kingdom and has a long history dating back to the 3rd century BC. The city developed around the Meenakshi Temple complex located at its center, following the traditional Indian town planning system of concentric streets leading to the temple. Over time the city boundaries expanded through different periods of rule. The historic core still maintains the traditional street pattern and settlement hierarchy centered around the temple.
The document summarizes traditional South Indian architecture and culture. It describes the Mysore Palace, built in 1897, as the prime example. It combines elements of Hindu, Islamic, Rajput, and Gothic styles. The palace's three stories are made of stone and marble, surrounded by gardens. South Indian classical music, Carnatic music, and elaborate dance forms like Bharatanatyam are highlighted as integral parts of the region's culture. Sculptures at temples exemplify the expression and preservation of dance.
the presentation is about the city aspects and settlement details.
It includes history, geography,climate,demographic, economy, transportation system, physical and social infrastructure, settlement pattern.
The document provides an overview of the scope and history of town planning for Tirunelveli, India. It discusses the evolution of the settlement over time, the physical characteristics of the land including topography and geology. It also examines the people and demographics regarding age, sex and literacy. The major employment areas and historical sites of the region are outlined. New developments in the area including an IT park are also mentioned.
Sri Rangam |World's Largest Functioning Temple |Dravidian Architectural Style...NivethaJSaran
The Boologam Vaikuntam, Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple Srirangam, Trichy, describes the history of the place, its architectural significance, land use pattern, settlement pattern, socio-cultural behavior, and overall architectural view of the place.
Tripura is a northeastern state of India that is bordered by Bangladesh. It has a population of over 3.6 million people, with indigenous communities making up about 30% of residents. The state has a tropical climate and forested landscape. While Bengali culture is prominent, the state also has a diverse composite culture from its various ethnic groups. Healthcare in Tripura features a universal public health system, and health indices are better than national averages.
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This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
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Let’s talk about powerful conversations! We all know how to lead a constructive conversation, right? Then why is it so difficult to have those conversations with people at work, especially those in powerful positions that show resistance to change?
Learning to control and direct conversations takes understanding and practice.
We can combine our innate empathy with our analytical skills to gain a deeper understanding of complex situations at work. Join this session to learn how to prepare for difficult conversations and how to improve our agile conversations in order to be more influential without power. We will use Dave Gray’s Empathy Mapping, Argyris’ Ladder of Inference and The Four Rs from Agile Conversations (Squirrel and Fredrick).
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Come learn more on how to become a real influencer!
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This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the 77th meeting of the OECD Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
3. *INTRODUCTION:
*Tiruchirappalli (tiruchirāppaḷḷi) ( Trichinopoly in English),
also called Tiruchi or Trichy, is a city in the Indian state
of Tamil Nadu and the administrative headquarters
of Tiruchirappalli District.
* It is the fourth largest municipal corporation and the
fourth largest urban agglomeration in the state.
4. LOCATION:
*TIRUCHIRAPPALLI district is situated almost at the
geographic central point of the state Tamil Nadu.
*The district lies between 10° 48' 18’’of northern
latitude and 78° 41' 8.16’’eastern longitude.
*Tiruchirappalli is the fourth most populous city of
Tamil Nadu.
* It is situated in the center of the state, on the banks
of the cauvery River.
5.
6. *The name of the town, "Tiruchirappalli", originated
as a tribute to a Jain monk called "Chira".
(Thiru in Tamil means respected) .
*There is also a belief that Tiruchirappalli was
named after a three headed demon "Trishira" (the
son of Ravana) who performed penance at the
temple here and obtained boons here.
*"Chirapalli" is a compound of siram - head, palli -
to sleep.It is a reference to the deity
Sriranganathaswamy who is depicted at rest with
his head in a slightly elevated position in
the Srirangam Temple, Tiruchirappalli.
7. *AREA AND POPULATION:
i. Area (Sq. Km.) 4,403.83
ii. Population 2001 Census -
24,18,366
a. Male Population 12,08,534
b. Female Population 12,09,832
c. Rural Population 12,79,204
d. Urban Population 11,39,162
iii. Density (Sq. Km.) 549
iv. Literates 16,73,478
v. Main Workers
a. Total Workers 10,64,521
b. Male Workers 6,87,814
c. Female Workers 3,76,707
d. Rural Workers 6,71,320
e. Urban Workers 3,93,201
f. Cultivators 2,03,874
g. Agricultural Laborers 2,45,875
h. Household Industry 36,676
i. Other Workers 4,41,363
j. Marginal Workers 1,36,733
vi. Non-Workers 13,53,845
8. *BOUNDARIES OF TRICHY:
*Trichy is bordered on the-
north : Salem District,
northeast : Perambalur District,
east : Thanjavur District,
southeast : Pudukkottai District,
south : Sivaganga and Madurai districts,
southwest : Dindigul District,
west : Karur District and
northwest : Namakkal District.
9. *TOPOLOGY :
*The topology of Tiruchirappalli is almost flat with a few
isolated hillocks rising above the surface, the highest of which
is the Rockfort.
* The average elevation is 289 feet (88 m).
*Area: 4511 square kilometers.
* The city is situated at the head of the Cauvery Delta which
commences 16 kilometers west of Tiruchirappalli where the
Cauvery River branches into two streams forming the island
of Srirangam.
11. *A belt of cretaceous rock known as
the Trichinopoly Group lies to the north of the
city and it is joining to another belt of cretaceous
rock known as the Ariyalur Group.
*Both the northern and southern corners of the
Trichinopoly Group rests on a layer of gneiss
(metamorphic rock).
12. *The city gets its drinking water supply from
five headworks on the Cauvery River and
1,470 bore wells linked to 60
service reservoirs in and around the city.
* There are a total of 286 slums in
Tiruchirappalli with a population of about
162,000.
13. *CLIMATE:
*Tiruchirappalli experiences a tropical savanna climate—
designated under the Köppen climate classification—with
no major change in temperature between summer and
winter.
*The climate is generally characterised by high temperature
and low humidity.
* According to a popular saying, the climate of Trichirappalli is
"eight months hot and four hotter.“
*Fog and mist are very rare occurrences in the district.
* Average annual rainfall : 722.6 mm.
*The maximum temperature : 37.2 degree C .
*Minimum temperature : 20.6 degree C.
14. *DIVISIONS(ADMINISTRATIVE):
Trichy city is divided exclusively into four partitions primarily for
administrative purposes.
The administrative divisions are:
Srirangam
Ariyamangalam
Golden Rock and
Abhishekapuram.
*The city along with suburban areas such as :
Pappankurichi,Thiruverumbur, Krishnasamudram, Thuvakudi, Nav
alpattu, Manachanallur and Bikshandarkoil form the urban
agglomeration of Tiruchirappalli.
15. *DIVISIONS(LOCAL):
*The city is generally divided into three parts:
1.The Cantonment area to the south,
2. The temples to the north and
3. The bazaar in the center of the city.
*Most of Trichirapalli's hotels and government and post
offices are situated in the cantonment while most of
Trichirapalli's temples are located in the north.
*The Rockfort and its temple are situated in the center of
the city and surrounded by a bazaar.
16. REVENUE ADMIN.
DIVISIONS
*a. Revenue
Divisions 3
*b. Revenue Taluks 9
*c. Revenue Firkas
41
*d. Revenue Villages
507
a. Corporations 1
b. Municipalities 3
c. Panchayat Unions 14
d. Town Panchayats 17
e. Village Panchayats 408
LOCAL
BODIES
17. *HISTORY:
*Tiruchirapalli is home to many historic temples, monuments,
churches and mosques.
*Uraiyur (also pronounced as Oraiyur) which is the Old Tiruchy
has a long tradition.
* With over 2,500 years of known history, it was the capital of
the early Cholas.
* The oldest man made dam Kallanai
- was built by Karaikala Cholan across
the river CAUVERY about 10 miles from Uraiyur.
*It was an important town in the days of the later Cholas,
Nayaks as well as during the early days of the British East India
Company.
18.
19. *HISTORICAL AND IMPORTANT
PLACES:
*1. Rockfort Temple
*2. Jambukeswara Temple
*3. Hazrath Nathervali
*4. Samayapuram
*5. Vayalore
*6. Grand Anaicut or Kallanai Dam
*7. St. Lourdu’s Church
*8. Puliancholai
*9. Mukkombu dam.
20.
21. *PRESENT SCENARIO OF TRICHY:
*In recent times, the northern part of the Trichy experienced
the emergence of numerous industries and residential areas
as well.
* Trichy city is surrounded by agrarian lands on all side which
is always special for a place.
* The island of Srirangam in Trichy district showcases many
antique houses, which were built according to the shilpa
sastras, the basic texts of Hindu architecture.
* In the year 1974, a Local Planning Authority was established
for the district of Trichy based on the Tamil Nadu Town and
Country Planning Act of 1971.
22.
23. *EDUCATIONAL ORGANISATIONS
*Considered an educational town, Tiruchirapalli has schools
and colleges that are hundreds of years old.
* College Road in Chatram has three colleges and five schools.
*Prominent among the educational institutions in
Tiruchirapalli are:
Bharathidasan University,
Anna university,
The National Institute of Technology(NIT), Trichy.
The Government Law College, Tiruchirapalli was founded
in 1979.
25. *CONT..
Bharathidasan Institute of Management, a top-20 Indian B-
school is also located in Tiruchirapalli.
K.A.P.V. Medical College is located close to the Central
Bus Stand.
SASTRA-Shanmuga Arts and Science Technological
Academy is located in Trichy.
St Joseph's College :
Indian President Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, writer Sujatha
(Rengarajan) studied at St Joseph's College in Trichy.
National College:
R.Venkataraman (former Indian President) studied at in
Trichy.