Geography in Linked Ancient World Data

Geography
in linked ancient world data
{ Tom Elliott, Institute for the Study of the Ancient World
Linked Ancient World Data Institute, New York, May 2012

{ J. M. Reynolds and J. B. Ward-Perkins, Inscriptions of Roman Tripolitania,
British School at Rome, 1952, enhanced electronic reissue, 2009.

http://irt.kcl.ac.uk/irt2009/IRT264.html

{ J. M. Reynolds and J. B. Ward-Perkins, Inscriptions of Roman Tripolitania,
British School at Rome, 1952, enhanced electronic reissue, 2009.


ἀγαθῇ ηύτῃ [ηῶν κσ]ρίων | Ἀζζκληπιάδης θεῷ | Ἀζζκληπιῷ εὐταριζηήρ[ι]ον
For the good fortune of our lords; Asclepiades (set up) a thank-offering to the
god Asclepius.

Pro uic|toria | domi|norum | nostro|rum
For the victory of our lords.

Aretes cau|sa dio Aescu|lapio Ascle|piades Ascle|[piadis filiu]s marmorari[u]s |
Nicomed[ia]
Because of his excellence, to the god Asclepius; Asclepiades son of
Asclepiades, marble-merchant from Nicomedia.

{ RDF and Turtle

Resource Description Framework
http://www.w3.org/RDF/

“a standard model for data interchange on the Web [that]
extends the linking structure of the Web to use URIs to name the
relationship between things as well as the two ends of the link
(this is usually referred to as a “triple”). Using this simple model, it
allows structured and semi-structured data to be mixed,
exposed, and shared across different applications.”

Turtle: Terse RDF Triple Language
http://www.w3.org/TeamSubmission/turtle/

“a textual syntax for RDF that allows RDF graphs to be
completely written in a compact and natural text form, with
abbreviations for common usage patterns and datatypes.”

{ Modeling IRT 264 in RDF using Turtle (saying *what* it is)

http://irt.kcl.ac.uk/irt2009/IRT264.html a
http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/Webpage .

• The IRT 264 web page



• The IRT 264 web page is a



• The IRT 264 web page is a web page
• where “web page” is defined by the Bibliographic
Ontology



subject predicate object



• The IRT 264 web page is a web page
• where “web page” is defined by the Bibliographic Ontology

http://purl.org/dc/terms/format “text/html” .

• The IRT 264 web page has the format “text/html”
• where the notion of “format” is defined by the Dublin Core
Metadata Initiative Terms list.

{ Modeling IRT 264 in RDF using Turtle (reduce verbosity)

a http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/Webpage ;
http://purl.org/dc/terms/format “text/html” .

{ Modeling IRT 264 in RDF using Turtle (reduce verbosity even more)

@prefix bibo: <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .

a bibo:Webpage ;
dcterms:format “text/html” .

{ Modeling IRT 264 in RDF using Turtle (adding bibliographic description)


a bibo:Webpage ;
dcterms:format “text/html” ;
dcterms:creator “Joyce Reynolds” ;
dcterms:creator “J.B. Ward Perkins” ;
dcterms:title “IRT 264. Dedication to Asclepius” ;
dcterms:date “2009” ;
dcterms:license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/uk/ .

{ Modeling IRT 264 in RDF using Turtle (adding bibliographic description)


a bibo:Webpage ;
dcterms:license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/uk/ .

• We could also use terms from Bibo or other ontologies/vocabularies.

{ aside: GAWD = the Graph of Ancient World Data

http://gawd.atlantides.org/terms/

• a controlled vocabulary for expressing classes of relationships (or even
assertions) between web-based resources in the context of Linked Data
and Atom+GeoRSS feed applications. Its original version was a project
deliverable for the NEH- and JISC-funded Concordia Project (2008-2009)

where
findspot
origin
observedAt
attestsTo
depicts
isEditionOf
alternateEdition

{ Modeling IRT 264 in RDF using Turtle (geography using GAWD terms)

@prefix gawd: <http://gawd.atlantides.org/terms/> .

a bibo:Webpage ;
dcterms:license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/uk/ ;
gawd:findspot “Lepcis Magna” ;
gawd:attestsTo “Nicomedia” .

{ aside: Pleiades (http://pleiades.stoa.org)

{ Modeling IRT 264 in RDF using Turtle (geography using GAWD terms and
Pleiades URIs)

@prefix gawd: <http://gawd.atlantides.org/terms/> .

a bibo:Webpage ;
dcterms:license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/uk/ ;
gawd:findspot <http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/344448#this> ;
gawd:attestsTo <http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/511337#this> .

{ aside: Pelagios and OAC

Pelagios Project
http://pelagios-project.blogspot.com/

its aim is to help introduce Linked Open Data goodness into online
resources that refer to places in the Ancient World

Open Annotation Collaboration (OAC)
http://www.openannotation.org/

to facilitate the emergence of a Web and resource-centric
interoperable annotation environment

{ aside: Open Annotation Collaboration Data Model

An Annotation is a document identified by an HTTP URI that describes an
association created between a Body resource and a Target resource. The
Body must be somehow "about" the Target for it to be considered the body
of an Annotation.

Both the Body and the Target of the Annotation can be any resource on the
web, identified by a URI. As such, they can have representations in any
format or language (or no language), or have no representations at all, such
as for abstract resources that denote a concept.

{ Modeling IRT 264 in RDF using Turtle (Pelagios geography using OAC
annotations)

@prefix dc: <http://www.purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .
@prefix oac: <http://www.openannotation.org/ns/> .
@prefix ass: <http://isaw.nyu.edu/people/staff/tom_elliott/assertions#> .

ass:a1 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> oac:Annotation
;
dc:title ”IRT 264 mentions Nicomedia” ;
dcterms:creator <http://isaw.nyu.edu/people/staff/tom_elliott> ;
oac:hasBody <http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/511337> ;
oac:hasTarget <http://irt.kcl.ac.uk/irt2009/IRT264.html> .

{ Modeling IRT 264 in RDF using Turtle (Pelagios geography using OAC
annotations)

@prefix dc: <http://www.purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .
@prefix oac: <http://www.openannotation.org/ns/> .
@prefix ass: <http://isaw.nyu.edu/people/staff/tom_elliott/assertions#> .

ass:a1 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> oac:Annotation
;
dc:title ”IRT 264 mentions Nicomedia” ;

ass:a2 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> oac:Annotation;
dc:title ”IRT 264 was found at Lepcis Magna” ;

{ Thoughts for Discussion (from Leif)

1. HTTP URIs are more important than ontologies for connectivity
2. A Little Ontology Goes a Long Way
3. We should grow the Web of Data, not build it
4. The Web is designed for scale. Scale requires Openness.

Geography in Linked Ancient World Data

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