2. Group Members
• Waheed Ahmed
• Abdul Haseeb
• Rehana Baksh
• Tehmina Yasin

3. Overview of Cuba

4. REPUBLIC OF CUBA
Cuba is an archipelago of islands located in the Northern Caribbean Sea at the
confluence with the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. The United States
lies to the north-west, the Bahamas to the north, Haiti to the east, Jamaica and
the Cayman Islands to the south, and Mexico to the west. Cuba is the principal
island, surrounded by four smaller groups of islands. The main island is 766 km
(476 mi) long and is the 16th island in the world by land area. The name "Cuba"
comes from the Taíno language and though the exact meaning is unclear, it may
be translated either as "where fertile land is abundant" (cubao) or as "great
place" (coabana).

5. HISTORY

6. HISTORY
Island was discovered by CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS in 1492 followed
development as a Spanish colony during the next several centuries. Large
numbers of African slaves were imported to work the coffee and sugar plantations.
INDEPENDENCE FROM THE UNITED STATES:
May 20, 1902: Cuba gained formal Independence from the United States as the
republic of Cuba. After the Spanish-American War, Spain and the United States
signed the Treaty of Paris (1898), by which Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and
Guam were ceded to the U.S. for the sum of $20 million. Under the same treaty
Spain relinquished all claim of sovereignty over the title to Cuba.
Under the new constitution, however, the U.S. retained the right to intervene in
Cuban affairs and to supervise its finances and foreign relations. Under the Platt
Amendment, the U.S. leased the Guantánamo Bay naval base from Cuba.

7. Geography
• Area: 110,860 sq km
• Division of Area: land: 109,820 sq km and water: 1,040 sq
km
• Climate: dry season (November to April); rainy season (May
to October)
• Natural Resources: cobalt, nickel, iron
ore, chromium, copper, salt, timber, silica, petroleum, arable
land
• Land Use: arable land: 27.63%, permanent crops: 6.54%
and other: 65.83%
• Irrigated Land: 8,700 sq km

8. Demography
• Population: 11,075,244 (July 2012 est.)
• Population Growth Rate: -0.115% (2012 est.) country
comparison to the world: 202
• Birth Rate: 9.96 births/1,000 population (2012 est.) country
comparison to the world: 197
• Death Rate: 7.52 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 114
• Urban Population: 75% of total population (2010)
• Rate of urbanization: 0% annual rate of change (2010-15
est.)
• Major city-population: HAVANA (capital) 2.14 million
(2009)

9. Population:
The density of population is 100,3 habitants / km2
Cuban Population
Live out
cities
25%
Live in cities
75%
Cuban Population Distribution
Havana City
20%
Santiago de
Cuba
9%
Other
Provinces
62% Holguin
9%

10. Demography
• Ethnic Group: white 65.1%, mulatto and mestizo
24.8%, black 10.1% (2002 census)
• Language: Spanish (official)
• Religion: nominally Roman Catholic
85%, Protestant, Jehovah's Witnesses, Jewish, Santeria
• Life Expectancy: total population: 77.87 years ; male: 75.61
years ; female: 80.27 years (2012 est.)
• Health Expenditure: 11.8% of GDP (2009)
• Education Expenditure: 13.6% of GDP (2008)
• Literacy Rate: 99.8% ; age 15 and over can read and write

11. Economy
• Real GDP Growth rate: 1.5% (2010 est.)
• Per Capita GDP: $9,900 (2010 est.)
• Agriculture-products:
sugar, tobacco, citrus, coffee, rice, potatoes, beans;
livestock
• Industrial-products:
sugar, petroleum, tobacco, construction, nickel, steel,
cement, agricultural machinery, pharmaceuticals
• Currency: Cuban peso (The basic unit of money in
Cuba; equal to 100 centavos)

12. Economy
• Exports: $6.041 billion (2011 est.)
• Exports-commodities: sugar, nickel, tobacco, fish, medical
products, citrus, coffee
• Major Partners: China 24.8%, Canada 21.5%, Venezuela
7.1%, Netherlands 7.1%, Spain 6.5% (2011)
• Imports: $13.96 billion (2011 est.)
• Imports-commodities: petroleum, food, machinery and
equipment, chemicals
• Major Partners: Venezuela 37.4%, China 9.8%, Spain 8.4%, Brazil
5.2%, Canada 4.4% (2011)
• Labor force-by occupation: agriculture: 20% ; industry: 19.4% ;
services: 60.6% (2005)

13. Military
• Military Branches: Revolutionary Armed Forces like
Revolutionary Army; Revolutionary Navy; Revolutionary Air
and Air Defense Forces; Youth Labor Army
• Military service age and obligation: 17-28 years of age for
compulsory military service; 2-year service obligation; both
sexes subject to military service (2006)
• Manpower for military service: males age 16-49: 2,998,201
females age 16-49: 2,919,107 (2010 est.)
• Military expenditure: 3.8% of GDP (2006 est.) country
comparison to the world: 29

14. POLITICAL DIVISION OF CUBA
The Republic of Cuba has 15 provinces, 169 municipalities and
one Special Municipality

15. Government
• Country name: Republic of Cuba
• Government type: Communist state
• Capital name: Havana
• Political Division: 15 provinces (provincias, singular -
provincia) and 1 special municipality* (municipio especial);
Artemisa, Camaguey, Ciego de
Avila, Cienfuegos, Granma, Guantanamo, Holguin, Isla de la
Juventud*, La Habana, Las
Tunas, Matanzas, Mayabeque, Pinar del Rio, Sancti
Spiritus, Santiago de Cuba, Villa Clara
• Independence: 20 May 1902 (from Spain 10 December 1898;
administered by the US from 1898 to 1902); not
acknowledged by the Cuban Government as a day of
independence

16. Government (Executive Branch)
• Executive: The president is both the chief of state and head of
government ( Gen. Raul CASTRO Ruz is president of Cuba
since 24 February 2008) ; First Vice President of the Council
of State and First Vice President of the Council of Ministers
Jose Ramon MACHADO Ventura (since 24 February 2008)
• Elections: president and vice presidents elected by the
National Assembly for a five-year term; election last held on
24 February 2008 (next to be held in 2013)
• Cabinet: Council of Ministers proposed by the president of
the Council of State

17. Government
• Legislative Branch: unicameral National Assembly of
People's Power or Asemblea Nacional del Poder Popular
(number of seats in the National Assembly is based on
population; 614 seats; members elected directly from slates
approved by special candidacy commissions to serve five-year
terms)
• Judicial Branch: People's Supreme Court or Tribunal
Supremo Popular (judges are also elected by the National
Assembly)
• Political Parties: Cuban Communist Party or PCC [Raul
CASTRO Ruz, first secretary]

18. Everyone on earth has a
right to be educated and,
in return, the duty to
contribute to the
education of others.
-José Martí
www.reicuba.org

19. Before the Revolution
• Very under developed
• Poor system
• <50% attendance
• High drop out
Rmm.cl

20. there were 15 000 new
In 1961 classrooms
With 1000 000 students.
there were 2 386 000 students from
In 2003
Pre-scholar to pre-university
Students from Pre- school to Pre- university level (Course
2003-2004)
Lived at
school
16%
Lived at
home
84%

21. Cuban Iliterate in 1953
Iliterate
30%
Literate
70%

22. Cuban Iliterate in 1953
Iliterate
30%
Literate
70%

23. Half of the children of school age (800 000) didn’t go to the schools.
More than 9 000 teachers were unemployed.
Classrooms in 1953
Classrooms
49%
It were not
in existence
51%

24. The educational model
Flexibl
e
Structured
Student centred
With systematic face
to face activities.

25. The National Cuban
System of Education
It Is designed in
order to learn and The education is
to form values a right of all citizens
All citizens have the
responsibility to educate
others

26. The subsystems of the national Cuban education system
.  PRE-SCHOOL
 PRIMARY
 SECONDARY
 SPECIAL SCHOOLS
 EDUCATIONAL FORMATION
 TECHNICAL AND PROFESSIONAL
 PRE-UNIVERSITY
 HIGHER EDUCATION

27. SPECIAL LEARNING
100% of mental and physical disability boys and girls
are attending schools .
428 schools
26 Classrooms in hospitals or in houses
There are 40 schools for difficult children.
99% who have graduated have a job.

28. PRIMARY SCHOOL
To develop the intelligence
Course duration : 44 weeks
(3 weeks free)
CURRICULUM: (extra—classes activities)
ART Efficiency Indicators
SPORT Attending school (2004): 849 000
Attending school retention: 100%
RECREATIONAL Presence: 98.7%
HISTORICAL Double session: 99.9%
Individualized Attention: 1 professor/20 students
VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE
PROFESSIONAL GUIDANCE
NATIONAL KNOWLEDGE BASED COMPETITION
NATIONAL SKILLS BASED COMPETITION
USE OF CLASSROOM MENTORS

29. SECONDARY
Register: 474 392 students in 1 005 schools
One assistant professor and one professor in Computing/15 students
 individual attention
 meeting with the parents
 parents’ school
 social workers
 Student snacks are provided by the government: 65%
 100% double session
 33 000 retired professors came back to work in the new educational
programmes
 Attendance: 98% (ill, mental disability, severe incapacity)
 144 left their courses, all of them returned to complete the course.
 Courses repeated 6943 (0,1%)
 daily evaluation
 Work and learning are integrated.

30. PRE-UNIVERSITY
374 schools in the country
Attending school: 610 000
(including assistant students)
 Work and learning are integrated
 30 students in each group
 Using videoconferences

31. CUBAN HIGHER EDUCATION

32. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Central University
University of Havana
of Las Villas
UH (1728)
UCLV (1952)
University of Oriente
(1947)

33. 64 state universities
938 campuses
2004

34. UNIVERSITIES AND INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION
IN CUBA
64
28
3
1959 1976 2003
Total enrolment: 15 609 83 957 300 000
Graduating women: 3% 37% 62%

35. General information about Cuban Higher
Education
64 Universities
938 campuses, in all the Municipalities
Professors
Staff
19%
Distribution of Students
Part Tim e
Professors Distance
Learning
81% 5%
At University
34%
In Campuses
61%

36. POLYTECHNICS
Distribution of stude nts by specialities
Computing
Art and 9%
Technician
Other in Medicine
Specialities 16%
44%
Education
25%
Politechnic Institutes
Sports
6%
400 329
300
Quantity
200 1979
100 2004
3
0
Year
Now articulated with High Level the use of TV, video, PC etc. is included

37. Principal ideas of the educational model
 Unity between Education and Instruction
 Link between Study and Work

38. UNIVERSITIES AND INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION
IN CUBA
64
28
3
1959 1976 2003
Total enrolment: 15 609 83 957 300 000
Graduating women: 3% 37% 62%

39. General information about Cuban Higher
Education
64 Universities
938 campuses, in all the Municipalities
Professors
Staff
19% Distribution of Students
Distance
Learning
5%
Part Tim e At
Professors University
81% 34%
In
Cam puses
61%

40. POLYTECHNICS
Distribution of stude nts by specialities
Computing
Art and 9%
Technician
Other in Medicine
Specialities 16%
44%
Education
25%
Politechnic Institutes
Sports
6%
400 329
300
Quantity
200 1979
100 2004
3
0
Year
Now articulated with High Level the use of TV, video, PC etc. is included

41. Principal ideas of the educational model
 Unity between Education and Instruction
 Link between Study and Work

42. Technology
• Recent Revolution
• All Schools rmm.cl
– 1 TV
– 1 Computer
• Community Internet

43. Unique to Cuba
• Monopoly
– Control books prices
– No competition
– Reuse of materials
– Free education material
• Same Government
– No drastic changes
– Evaluation for 40 years

44. Some Characteristics Of Cuban
Education System
• Cuba devotes about 10 percent to 11 percent
of its GDP to education.
• Cuba has invested substantial resources in
non-salary items. Until March 1999, 60
percent of the Educa-tion budget was
devoted to teachers' salaries with the
remaining 40 percent for non-salary items
used to support instruction.

45. Characteristics Of Cuban Education
System
• These objectives were set, of course, by the
same party that has run the country for almost
40 years.
• Education is a long-term investment requiring
consistent policies and political stability to grow.
This stability, however, was achieved at the cost
of one-party rule.
• approximately 50 percent of students who
complete grade 9 enterTechnical and Vocational
Education (TVE).

46. Characteristics Of Cuban Education
System
• The Cuban state has a monopoly on all aspects of
production of educational materials-
design, publishing,and distribution. As a
consequence, the state is able to keep costs
low, address the learning needs of the poor, and
distribute all educational materials free.
• Cuban schools give children responsibility for a variety
of tasks appropriate to their ages. In primary school,for
example, children clean the school, fix broken
facilities, help fellow students with
difficulties, discuss class and school problems, and
work in the school garden.