The document provides a timeline and overview of important developments in genomics from 1871 to present day. It begins with Friedrich Miescher identifying nuclein in cell nuclei in 1871 and continues through modern developments like CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Key events include discoveries of DNA structure, the genetic code, DNA sequencing techniques, sequencing the first plant and animal genomes, and launching of major genome projects. The document also outlines types and branches of genomics as well as some applications and limitations of genomics research in crops like rice, chili, wheat, barley, chickpea and maize.
Role of molecular marker play a significant supplementary role in enhancing yield along with conventional plant breeding methods. the result obtain through molecular method are more accurate and at genotypic level. It had wider applications in field of plant breeding, biotechnology, physiology, pathology, entamology, etc. The mapping information obtained from these markers had created a revolution in the sequencing sector and open many pathways for developments, innovations and research.
Molecular marker analysis of A few Capsicum annum varietiesAnkitha Hirematha
The hybrid variety and parental varieties among the 3 chilly varieties were identified by finding out the genetic polymorphism between them. It helps to identify different plant varieties, disputed plant varieties, genetic polymorphism between intraspecific crosses of plants and also to protect Plant Breeder’s Rights (PBR). Based on banding pattern on gel, identification of KA, KS and HK chilly varieties using SSR & ISSR markers was successfully carried out.
Role of molecular marker play a significant supplementary role in enhancing yield along with conventional plant breeding methods. the result obtain through molecular method are more accurate and at genotypic level. It had wider applications in field of plant breeding, biotechnology, physiology, pathology, entamology, etc. The mapping information obtained from these markers had created a revolution in the sequencing sector and open many pathways for developments, innovations and research.
Molecular marker analysis of A few Capsicum annum varietiesAnkitha Hirematha
The hybrid variety and parental varieties among the 3 chilly varieties were identified by finding out the genetic polymorphism between them. It helps to identify different plant varieties, disputed plant varieties, genetic polymorphism between intraspecific crosses of plants and also to protect Plant Breeder’s Rights (PBR). Based on banding pattern on gel, identification of KA, KS and HK chilly varieties using SSR & ISSR markers was successfully carried out.
Molecular Marker and It's ApplicationsSuresh Antre
Molecular (DNA) markers are segments of DNA that can be detected through specific laboratory techniques. With the advent of marker-assisted selection (MAS), a new breeding tool is now available to make more accurate and useful selections in breeding populations.
GENOMIC MAPPING:FISH(Fluorescent in situ hybridization )UTTARAN MODHUKALYA
Genomic mapping is a graphic representation of the arrangement of genes or DNA sequences on chromosome & used to identify and record the location of gene & distances between genes on chromosome.
There are mainly two kinds of genome maps are known : 1.Genetic or linkage maps & 2. Physical maps
Where Physical map provides detail of the actual physical distance between genetic markers, as well as the exact location of genes.
An example of Physical mapping is FISH. FISH is a powerful technique for detecting RNA or DNA sequences in cells, tissues & tumors
An insight into the reverse genetics in fisheries research. it includes a brief history about the reverse genetics, background, techniques applied, recovery of virus and zebrafish research
TYPES OF MOLECULAR MARKERS,ITS ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGESANFAS KT
Types of molecular markers (genetics)
ITS ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
What is a genetic marker?
RFLP: Restriction fragment length polymorphism
AFLP: Amplified fragment length polymorphism
RAPD: Random amplification of polymorphic DNA
ISSR: Inter simple sequence repeat
STR: Short tandem repeats
SCAR: Sequence characterized amplified region
SNP: Single nucleotide polymorphism
SSR: Simple sequence repeat
SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphic), SNP mapping, SNP profile, SNP types, SNP analysis by gel electropherosis and by mass spectrometry, SNP effects, single strand conformation polymorphism, SNP advantages and disadvantages and application of SNP profile in drug choice
Molecular Biology research evolves through the development of the technologies used for carrying them out. It is not possible to research on a large number of genes using traditional methods
Molecular Marker and It's ApplicationsSuresh Antre
Molecular (DNA) markers are segments of DNA that can be detected through specific laboratory techniques. With the advent of marker-assisted selection (MAS), a new breeding tool is now available to make more accurate and useful selections in breeding populations.
GENOMIC MAPPING:FISH(Fluorescent in situ hybridization )UTTARAN MODHUKALYA
Genomic mapping is a graphic representation of the arrangement of genes or DNA sequences on chromosome & used to identify and record the location of gene & distances between genes on chromosome.
There are mainly two kinds of genome maps are known : 1.Genetic or linkage maps & 2. Physical maps
Where Physical map provides detail of the actual physical distance between genetic markers, as well as the exact location of genes.
An example of Physical mapping is FISH. FISH is a powerful technique for detecting RNA or DNA sequences in cells, tissues & tumors
An insight into the reverse genetics in fisheries research. it includes a brief history about the reverse genetics, background, techniques applied, recovery of virus and zebrafish research
TYPES OF MOLECULAR MARKERS,ITS ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGESANFAS KT
Types of molecular markers (genetics)
ITS ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
What is a genetic marker?
RFLP: Restriction fragment length polymorphism
AFLP: Amplified fragment length polymorphism
RAPD: Random amplification of polymorphic DNA
ISSR: Inter simple sequence repeat
STR: Short tandem repeats
SCAR: Sequence characterized amplified region
SNP: Single nucleotide polymorphism
SSR: Simple sequence repeat
SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphic), SNP mapping, SNP profile, SNP types, SNP analysis by gel electropherosis and by mass spectrometry, SNP effects, single strand conformation polymorphism, SNP advantages and disadvantages and application of SNP profile in drug choice
Molecular Biology research evolves through the development of the technologies used for carrying them out. It is not possible to research on a large number of genes using traditional methods
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
genetic material in organization, Central dogma,transcription in prokaryotes ...Patelrushi11
Historical background of molecular genetics, genetics material in organisams- Experiments, Nucleic acid as genetic material, central dogma, transcription in prokaryotes eukaryotes, genetic codegenetic code and its characteristics, silent feature of genetic codon,wobbal hypothesis
Genetics and malocclusion /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
this is done by me and my team mates of Wayamba University Sri Lanka for our project.From now we decided to allow download this file.I would be greatful if you could send your comments..
And I'm willing to help you in similar works.I'm in final year of my degree(.BSc Biotechnology)..
pubudu_gokarella@yahoo.com
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
1. D E P A R T M E N T O F P L A N T B R E E D I N G A N D G E N E T I C S
J A W A H A R L A L N E H R U K R I S H I V I S H W A V I D Y A L A Y A
2 2 / 0 7 / 2 0 2 0
J A B A L P U R
2. A SPECIFIC SEQUENCE OF NUCLEOTIDE IN DNA OR
RNA THAT IS LOCATED ON CHROMOSOME AND IS A
FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF INHERITANCE CONTROLLING
THE EXPRESSION OF TRAIT
HAPLOID SET OF CHROMOSOME INCLUDE BOTH
CODING AND NON CODING DNA AS WELL AS
MITOCHONDRIAL DNA AND CHLOROPLAST
STUDY OF THE WHOLE GENOME OF ORGANISM AND
INCORPORATED ELEMENTS FROM GENETICS
3. 1871
FRIEDRICH MIESCHER PUBLISHES HIS
PAPER IDENTIFYING THE PRESENCE
OF ‘NUCLEIN’AND ASSOCIATED
PROTEINS, IN THE CELL NUCLEUS.
1904
WALTER SUTTON AND THEODOR
BOVERI PROPOSE THE
CHROMOSOME THEORY OF
HEREDITY AFTER
1910
ALBRECHT KOSSEL IS AWARDED
THE FIRST NOBEL PRIZE IN
PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE FOR
DISCOVERY OF THE FIVE
NUCLEOTIDE BASES.
1950
ERWIN CHARGAFF FINDS THAT
CONCENTRATIONS OF THYMINE AND
ADENINE, AND CYTOSINE AND GUANINE,
ARE ALWAYS FOUND IN EQUAL
AMOUNTS IN SAMPLES OF DNA.
1952
THE HERSHEY-CHASE
EXPERIMENTS ARE CARRIED OUT
TO DEMONSTRATE THAT DNA,
RATHER THAN PROTEIN, CARRIES
OUR GENETIC INFORMATION.
TIMELINE: HISTORY OF GENOMICS
4. 1953
JAMES WATSON AND FRANCIS
CRICK, WITH CONTRIBUTIONS FROM
ROSALIND FRANKLIN
AND MAURICE WILKINS, DISCOVER
THE DOUBLE HELIX STRUCTURE OF
DNA.
1961
MARSHALL NIRENBERG, HAR GOBIND KHORANA
AND COLLEAGUES, CRACK THE ‘CODE FOR
LIFE’. THEY IDENTIFY HOW THE LETTERS IN DNA
ARE READ IN BLOCKS OF THREE CALLED A
“CODON”. EACH CODON SPECIFIES AN AMINO
ACID WHICH IS ADDED TO THE PROTEIN DURING
SYNTHESIS.
1968
MARSHALL NIRENBERG, HAR GOBIND
KHORANA AND ROBERT HOLLEY SHARE THE
1968 NOBEL PRIZE FOR PHYSIOLOGY AND
MEDICINE FORMER FOR CRACKING THE
GENETIC CODE, AND HOLLEY’S WORK
SEQUENCING THE FIRST tRNA MOLECULE.
1977
FREDERICK SANGER DEVELOPS A DNA
SEQUENCING TECHNIQUE WHICH HE
AND HIS TEAM USE TO SEQUENCE THE
FIRST FULL GENOME – THAT OF A VIRUS
CALLED PHIX174.
1980
FRED SANGER SHARES THE NOBEL
PRIZE FOR CHEMISTRY WITH WALLY
GILBERT AND PAUL BERG, FOR
PIONEERING DNA
SEQUENCING METHODS.
TIMELINE: HISTORY OF GENOMICS
5. 1983
THE POLYMERASE CHAIN
REACTION (PCR) IS DEVELOPED – A
TECHNIQUE USED FOR AMPLIFYING
DNA – BY DR KARY MULLIS AT THE
CETUS CORPORATION IN
CALIFORNIA, USA.
1985
ALEC JEFFREYS DEVELOPS A METHOD FOR
DNA PROFILING. A DNA PROFILE IS
PRODUCED BY COUNTING THE NUMBER OF
SHORT REPEATING SEQUENCES OF DNA
SEQUENCE FOUND AT TEN SPECIFIC
REGIONS OF THE GENOME.
1990
HUMAN GENOME PROJECT IS
LAUNCHED. THE PROJECT AIMS TO
SEQUENCE ALL 3
BILLION LETTERS OF A HUMAN GENOME
IN 15 YEARS.
1995
THE FIRST BACTERIUM GENOME
SEQUENCE IS COMPLETED
(HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA).
1996
AN INTERNATIONAL TEAM
COMPLETE SEQUENCING THE
GENOME OF YEAST,
SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE.
TIMELINE: HISTORY OF GENOMICS
6. 1998
JOHN SULSTON AND BOB
WATERSTON PUBLISH THE GENOME
OF THE NEMATODE WORM, C.
ELEGANS.
1999
CHROMOSOME 22 IS THE FIRST HUMAN
CHROMOSOME TO BE SEQUENCED AS
PART OF THE HUMAN GENOME PROJECT.
ENSEMBL GENOME BROWSER
LAUNCHED.
2001
FIRST DRAFT OF THE HUMAN GENOME
SEQUENCE RELEASED.
2002
THE MOUSE IS THE FIRST MAMMAL TO HAVE ITS
FULL GENOME SEQUENCE COMPLETED.
THE MOUSE GENOME IS 14 PER CENT SMALLER
THAN THE HUMAN GENOME, BUT OVER 95 PER
CENT OF THE MOUSE GENOME IS SIMILAR TO
OURS.
2002
THE INTERNATIONAL HAPMAP PROJECT IS
LAUNCHED, WHICH AIMS TO PRODUCE A
‘CATALOGUE’ OF COMMON HUMAN
GENETIC VARIATIONS AND WHERE THEY
ARE FOUND IN THE GENOME.
TIMELINE: HISTORY OF GENOMICS
7. 2003
HUMAN GENOME PROJECT IS
COMPLETED AND CONFIRMS HUMANS
HAVE APPROXIMATELY 20,000–25,000
GENES. THE HUMAN GENOME IS
SEQUENCED TO 99.99 PER CENT
ACCURACY.
2003
THE ENCODE PROJECT IS LAUNCHED BY
THE NATIONAL HUMAN GENOME
RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND AIMS TO
IDENTIFY AND
CHARACTERISE ALL THE GENES IN THE
HUMAN GENOME.
2008
NEXT-GENERATION SEQUENCING
PLATFORMS RESULT IN DRAMATIC DROP
IN SEQUENCING COSTS.
2013
THE U.S. SUPREME COURT RULES
THAT NATURALLY OCCURRING DNA
CANNOT BE PATENTED.
2014
CRISPR/CAS9 GENOME
EDITING IN PLANT
TIMELINE: HISTORY OF GENOMICS
9. about
Types
Branches
Application
Tools
Crop
Improvement
GENOMICS
T. Roderick, 1986
•The study of structure and function of whole of the hereditary
material contains in a genome of a living organism.
•Genomics involves the study of all genes at the DNA mRNA
and proteome level as well as cellular or tissue level.
•The ultimate objective is to obtain DNA sequences of complete
genome and to understand the function of each of
those genes.
11. about
Types
Branches
Application
Tools
Crop
Improvement
RNA SEQUENCING
TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION
G E N O M I C S
•DNA SEQUENCING
•GENETIC MAPPING
•GENETIC PROFILING
•DNA RECOMBINANT
TECHNOLOGY
TRANSCRIPTOMICS
.
PROTEOMICS
.
PHENOMICS
.
INOMICS
METABOLOMICS
.
PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION ,QUANTIFICATION
POST TRANSLATION MODIFICATION
METABOLITE PROFILES, INTERMEDIATE,
HORMONES AND SIGNALING MOLECULE
ELEMENT PROFILING, BIOCHEMICAL
REGULATION, ELEMENT INTERACTION
HORMONES AND SIGNALING MOLECULE
EVALUATION OF TRAITS
LINK BETWEEN GENETIC, EPIGENETIC AND
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
13. about
Types
Branches
Application
Tools
Crop
Improvement
MICROARRAY
A microscopic DNA chip attached
to solid surface used to measure
the expression of 1000 sub-gene
simultaneously.
MASS SPECTROMETRY
Analysis of oligonucleotides
PCR
In-vitro Amplification of specific
DNA or RNA sequence
SEQUENCER
Sequence and analyze whole
genomes.
ELECTROPHORESIS SYSTEM
Isolate DNA templates
ONLINE SOFTWARE'S
Data storage and analysis
Ex-
BLAST
FASTA
MUMmer
DIALIGN
14. about
history
timeline
teamsTools
Crop
Improvement
HERBICIDE TOLERANCE
Glyphosate tolerance in
tomato, tobacco, soybean,
cotton etc.
PATHOGEN RESISTANCE PEST RESISTANCE
CHILLING RESISTANCEFERTILITY RESTORATIONQUALITY IMPROVEMENT
Coat protein gene from TMV
has been transferred to
tobacco.
Insecticidal BT gene has been
isolated from Bacillus
thuringiensis bacteria and
transferred to plant like cotton,
tomato, tobacco
Delayed ripening through
decreasing ethylene
production
Hybrid seed production of
Brassica napus
Gene Glycerol-1-phosphateacyl-
tranceferace enzyme from
arabidopsis into tobacco
23. 0 1
0 2
0 3
•HIGH TECHNICAL SKILL
•EXPANSIVE AND LABORIOUS TECHNIQUE
•LIMITED GENE AVAILABILITY
•LACK OF PROPER MARKERS
•SOME ANNOTATED OPEN READING FRAMES ARE
SUBSEQUENTLY FOUND NOT TO ENCODED PROTEIN
LIMITATIONS
•POST TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS THAT INFLUENCE
THE PROTEIN FUNCTION AND CELLULAR LOCALIZATION
OFTEN CANNOT BE PREDICTED FROM THE SEQUENCE
24. 01
02
TISSUE CULTURE FREE
TRANSFORMATION
IMPROVED VARIETIES FOR WORLD
AGRICULTURE
TISSUE CULTURE FREE
TRANSFORMATION03
04
F U T U R E
A S P E C T
NON GMO GENOMICS BREEDING
3-D MODELLING OF PLANT USING
GENOTYPES
