The document discusses functions, including: 1. A function relates an input to an output, and the product of two functions f and g is defined as f(x) * g(x) with domain Df intersect Dg. 2. The quotient of two functions f and g, excluding values where g(x) is zero, is defined as f(x) / g(x). 3. The composite function of f and g is defined as f(g(x)).