This document discusses genetic inheritance and inherited traits. It explains that humans have 46 chromosomes, including 22 pairs of autosomes and two sex chromosomes. Genetic traits can be inherited in autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked, or mitochondrial patterns. The document lists several eye diseases that can be inherited, such as glaucoma, cataracts, and retinitis pigmentosa.

1. BY:-ADITI JOBALIYA
SEM:-6th

2.  Inherited
 Heredity
 Inherited traits
 Gene
 Genome
 Chromosomes
 DNA

3.  At each locus (except for sex chromosomes) there
are 2 genes. These constitute the individual’s
genotype at the locus.
 The expression of a genotype is termed a
phenotype. For example, hair color, weight, or the
presence or absence of a disease.

4. Most human cells contain 46 chromosomes:
2 sex chromosomes (X,Y):
XY – in males.
XX – in females.
22 pairs of chromosomes named
autosomes
Chromosomal structure
• Locus
• Allele

6.  Autosomal
◦ Autosomal dominant
◦ Autosomal recessive
 X- linked
◦ X- linked dominant
◦ X- linked recessive
 Mitochondrial

8.  Mitochondrial inheritance is different from the
others as it has nothing to do with the
chromosomes of the father or the mother.
 a small amount of DNA is inside the mitochondria.
if the mutation is in the mitochondrial DNA, it will
be inherited only from the mother.

10.  Corneal dystrophies
 Keratoconus
 Glaucoma
 Cataract
 Age Related Macular Degenaration
 Retinitis Pigementosa
 Retinoblastoma
 Colour Blindness
 Optic nerve head anomalies