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Genetic - basic knowledge for dummies about Genetic
The document provides an overview of genetics, focusing on cells, chromosomes, DNA, and genes, including their functions and roles in inheritance. It discusses the law of inheritance and identifies types of genetic diseases categorized by their causes, such as single-gene, chromosomal, and multifactorial diseases. Additionally, the document highlights genetic variants, specifically single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and their relevance to individual differences and disease susceptibility.
Genetic - basic knowledge for dummies about Genetic
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- 2. Main Content 1. Cell,Chromosome, DNA/Gene and Its Function 2. Law of Inheritance 3. Genetic Variants and Type of Diseases
- 3. PART 1 Cell andits Function Chromosome and its Function DNA and its Function Gene and its Function
- 4. Units CELL Human are madeof a lot of cells. Inside the cell, there is the nucleus. Inside nucleus, there is chromosome. Inside chromosome, there is the DNA. DNA is made of genes and genes control the traits expression. DNA NUCLEUS CHROMOSOME GENES TRAITS
- 5. 1.1CELL AND ITSFUNCTION Cell contains nucleus (99.9% genes) and mitochondria (few genes)
- 6. 1.1 CELL ANDITS FUNCTION Human made of 50 trillion cells Fundamental and structural units Carried Hereditary materials
- 7. 1.2 CHROMOSOME ANDITS FUNCTION • Human cells contain 2 sets of chromosomes. One set inherited from each parents. • Each cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. 22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome.
- 8. 1.3 DNA ANDITS FUNCTION DNA made of Chromosome DNA carried genetic materials DNA made up of 4 different bases as A,T,G,C DNA is double stranded
- 9. These bases spelledout the language, known as Genetic code.
- 10. 1.4 GENE ITSFUNCTION • Human genomes contain 20,000 to 25,000 genes. • Each chromosomes contain many genes, basic physical and functional units of hereditary. • Each gene has unique DNA sequence. • Genes are specific sequences of bases that encode instructions for how to make proteins. • Genes tell the cell how to function and what traits to be expressed.
- 11. 1.4 GENEOTYPES DETERMINED PHENOTYPES Genotype:complete heritable genetic identity. Phenotypes: 1. Your observable traits. 2. Interaction between genes and environment. 3. Different phenotypes are determined by genotypes.
- 12. PART 2 Law ofInheritance
- 13. 2.1.WHERE DO YOURGENES COME FROM? Homologous Chromosome Parents Children
- 14. Female: XX vsMale: XY Differentiate the GENDER 2.1.WHERE DO YOUR GENES COME FROM?
- 15. Human Cell Sperm/Egg Cell 2.1.WHEREDO YOUR GENES COME FROM?
- 16. 2.2 LAW OFINHERITANCE Auto Dominant 4 common patterns of inheritance X-linked Auto Recessive Mitochondrial
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- 22. 3.1 GENETIC VARIANTS RhesusMonkey 93% Chimpanzee 98.5% Human 99.9% What the percentage of DNA in chromosome that we share:
- 23. 3.1 GENETIC VARIANTS Whatmade us different from each other? The differences came from only one nucleotide in the body. SNPs or Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
- 24. 3.1 GENETIC VARIANTS- SNPs SNPs, a single base pair substitute. 10 million SNPs in human genome that made us “unique” • Account for the appearance differences. • Account for how we develop diseases or respond to drugs. SNPs passed down one generation to the next.
- 25. 3.2 TYPES OFGENETIC DISEASE Genetic diseases can be categorized into three major groups: single-gene, chromosomal, and multifactorial. • Changes in the DNA sequence of single genes, also known as mutations, cause thousands of diseases. • Genetic diseases can be caused by larger mutations in chromosomes. • Multifactorial diseases are caused by a complex combination of genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors.
- 26. VIDEO LEARNING &REFERENCES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubq4eu_TDFc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJjXpiWKMyA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Yg89GY61DE Part 3: Where do your genes come from? Part 2: What are SNPs? Part 1: Basic about genes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kLpr6t4-eLI Part 4: What are phenotypes? https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK115568/ Part 5: Why no Y?
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