The document discusses several autosomal aberrations including deletions, duplications, and trisomies of different chromosomes that result in genetic disorders. It describes the signs and symptoms of several conditions including Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome caused by a deletion on chromosome 4, Cri du Chat caused by a deletion on chromosome 5, and Down Syndrome caused by trisomy of chromosome 21. It also provides details on the characteristic physical features of each condition.

1. AUTOSOMAL
Aberrations
CRISTOBAL, Erica Joyce B.
JARABE, Renee Beatriz P.
AAPD2B

2. UNIT V. Human Chromosomes and
Chromosome Behavior
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the unit, the students should be able to:
1. Understand the importance of human karyotyping
2. Characterize individuals with sex chromosome
aberrations
3. Differentiate the types of autosomal
aberrations, and
4. Illustrate and explain the different structural
abnormalities

3. CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS /
ABNORMALITIES
***
*It is the disruptions in the normal
chromosomal content of a cell.
*Originates as a result of an error
during meiosis (Non-
Disjunction), specifically in
ANAPHASE stage.
***

4. Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome

5. Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome (WHS) , also
known as Pitt-Rogers-Danks Syndrome or Pitt
Syndrome ----- was first described in 1961 by
Americans Herbert L. Cooper and Kurt Hirschhorn
and thereafter, gained worldwide attetion by
publications by the German Ulrich Wolf and
Hirschhorn, Humangenetik a German scientific
magazine.
DELETION of the short arm of chromosome 4.

6. Physical Characteristics
*Short Philtrum
*Immunodeficient
*Microcephaly (Small Head Size)
*Seizures
*Muscle Hypotonia
*Renal Anomalies
*Deafness

7. Cri Du Chat

8. CRI DU CHAT also known as chromosome 5p
deletion syndrome, 5p minus syndrome or Lejeune’s
syndrome.
*Is a rare genetic disorder due to a missing part
of chromosome 5. Its name is a French term (cat-cry
or call of the cat) referring to the characteristic cat-
like cry of affected children.
*It was first described by Jerome Lejeune in
1963. The condition affects an 1 in 50,000 live
births, strikes all ethnicities, and is more common in
females by a 4:3 ratio.
DELETION on the short arm of chromosome 5.
Cries like a CAT

9. Physical Characteristics
*Excessive Drooling
*Behavioral Problems
*Often Mental Retarded
*Exhibits Gastorintestinal and
Cardiac Complications
*Abnormal Development of
Larynx and Glottis

10. Jacobsen’s Syndrome

11. Jacobsen’s Syndrome also known as 11q deletion
disorder, is a rare congenital disorder resulting from
deletion of a terminal region of chromosome 11 that
includes band 11q24.1.
*It can cause intellectual disabilities, a distinctive
facial appearance, and a variety of physical problems
including heart defects and a bleeding disorder.
*The syndrome was first identified by Danish
physician Petra Jacobsen, and is believed to occur in
approximately 1 out of every 100,000 births.
is a condition caused by the DELETION of a terminal
region of chromosome 11.

12. Physical Characteristics
*Bleeding Disorder
*Heart Defects
*Wide Set Eyes
*Low Set Misshapen Ears
*Large Toes

13. Pallister-Killian Syndrome

14. Pallister-Killian Syndrome also known as
Tetrasomy 12p Mosaicism or Pallister Mosaic
Aneuplody Syndrome.
Is an extremely rare genetic disorder occurring in
humans. Pallister-Killian occurs due to the presence of
the anomalous extra isochromosome 12p, the short arm
of the twelfth chromosome.
This leads to the development of Tetrasomy 12p.
Because not all cells have the extra
isochromosome, Pallister-Killian is a mosaic condition.
TETRASOMY in the smaller arm of
chromosome 12.
2n+2 or 48 chromosomes

15. Physical Characteristics
*Hypo/Hyper Pigmentation
*Epilepsy
*High Foreheads
*Flat nose
*Supernumerary Nipples
*Psychomotor Retardation

16. Patau Syndrome

17. Patau Sundrome, also known as Trisomy 13 and
Trisomy D.
*Is a chromosomal abnormality, a syndrome in
which a patient had an additional chromosome 13 due to
non-disjunction of chromosomes during meiosis. Some
are caused by Robertsonian Translocations. The extra
chromosome 13 disrupts the normal course of
development, causing heart and kidney defects, amongst
other features characteristic of Patau syndrome.
*Patau syndrome affects somewhere between 1 in
10,000 and 1 in 21,700 live births.
TRISOMIC in the chromosome 13.
47 chromosomes

18. Physical Characteristics
*Polydactyl
*Cleft Palate
*Cutis Aplasia
*Kidney Failures

19. IDIC 15
(Isodi Centic 15)

20. Isodicentric chromosome 15 is the scientific
name for a specific type of chromosome abnormality.
Individuals with isodicentric chromosome 15, or
"idic(15)", have 47 chromosomes instead of the typical
46 chromosomes.
With extra genetic material in chromosome 15.
47 chromosomes

21. Physical Characteristics
*Epicanthal Folds in the Eye
*Short Stature
*Delayed Language Development
*Seizures
*Some are Mentally Retarded

22. Edward’s Syndrome

23. Edward’s Syndrome also kwnon as Trisomy 18
(T18) or Trisome E.
*It is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of
all of an extra 18th chromosome (Trisomy 18).
*It is named after John H. Edwards, who first
described the syndrome in 1960. It is the second most
common autosomal trisomy, after Down Syndrome, that
carries to term.
*Edward’s Syndrome occurs in around one in
6,000 live births and around 80 % of those affected are
female.

24. Physical Characteristics
*Upturned Nose
*Kidney Malformations
*Omphalocele
*Arthrogryposis
*Microcephaly
*Underdeveloped Phalanges

25. Down Syndrome

26. Down Syndrome also known as Trisomy 21, is a
chromosomal condition caused by the presence of all or
part of an extra 21st chromosome. It is named after John
Langdon Down, the British physician who described
the syndrome in 1866. The condition was clinically
described earlier in the 19th century by Jean Etienne
Dominique Esquirol in 1838 and Edouard Seguin in
1844. Down syndrome was identified as a chromosome
21Trisomy by Dr. Jerome Lejeune in 1959.
*The average IQ of children with Down syndrome
is around 50, compared to normal children with an IQ of
100.
With extra genetic material in chromosome 15.
47 chromosomes

27. Physical Characteristics
*Epicanthal Folds in the Eye
*Short Stature
*Delayed Language Development
*Seizures
*Some are Mentally Retarded

28. Cat Eye Syndrome

29. Cat Eye Syndrome is a rare condition caused
by the short arm (p) and a small section of the long
arm (q) of human Chromosome 22 being present three
(trisomic) or four times (tetrasomic) instead of the
usual two times.
*The term "Cat Eye" syndrome was coined
because of the particular appearance of the
vertical colobomas in the eyes of some patients.
However, over half of the CES patients in the
literature do not present with this trait.
*There is no significant reduction in life
expectancy in patients who are not afflicted with one
of CES' life threatening abnormalities.

30. Physical Characteristics
*Iris Coloboma
*Slant Opening of the Eyelids
*Abnormal Obstruction of the Anus
*Scoliosis
*Hernias