Generic Imodium is generic medicine used to treat diarrhea. Know the great information how and when one should take generic Imodium. Mentioned are the usage and direction of the diarrhea pill.
Medicines are chemical substances that treat diseases and reduce suffering from pain. They include analgesics like aspirin and narcotics like morphine for pain relief, tranquilizers for stress reduction, antiseptics for wounds, disinfectants, and antimicrobials like antibiotics and sulfa drugs. Antibiotics can be bactericidal, killing microbes, or bacteriostatic, stopping their growth. They come in broad-spectrum varieties effective against many bacteria or specific varieties. Other drug classes include antifertility drugs, antihistamines for allergies, and antacids for excess stomach acid. Food additives are added for preservation, flavor and color enhancement, and nutrition. These include artificial sweeten
This document provides an overview of the Pharmacology course for II Year Pharm D students at P.E.S. College of Pharmacy in Bangalore, India. The course covers general pharmacology topics including definitions, history, sources of drugs, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic uses of drugs. Drugs are obtained from synthetic, natural, and microbiological sources. Natural sources include plants (alkaloids, glycosides, oils, gums, resins, tannins), animals (insulin, thyroid extracts), and microbes (penicillin, chloramphenicol). The course will help students understand the basic principles of how drugs act in the body.
Loperamide hydrochloride capsules are used to control and relieve acute nonspecific diarrhea, chronic diarrhea associated with inflammatory bowel disease, and reducing output from ileostomies. It is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity, abdominal pain without diarrhea, infants under 24 months, and should not be used as primary therapy for other diseases. Common side effects include severe allergic reactions, constipation, bloating, dizziness, drowsiness, and vomiting.
This document discusses the management of diarrhea through rehydration and drug therapy. It defines diarrhea and describes oral rehydration solutions for acute diarrhea treatment. Loperamide is recommended for acute diarrhea while opioids like codeine, diphenoxylate, and tincture of opium can be used for chronic diarrhea. Antimicrobial agents may be given if an infectious cause is known. Other drugs discussed for chronic diarrhea include clonidine, octreotide, cholestyramine, bulk forming agents, and certain plant alkaloids, calcium channel blockers, and chloride channel blockers.
Drugs Used for treatment of Constipation & Diarrhoeaanujrims
This document discusses various types of laxatives and purgatives, their classification, mechanisms of action, and uses. It covers bulk forming laxatives, stool softeners, stimulant purgatives, and osmotic purgatives. Stimulant purgatives like bisacodyl and anthraquinones are described in more detail. The document also discusses the treatment of diarrhea, including fluid replacement, antimicrobial therapy, drugs for inflammatory bowel disease, and nonspecific antidiarrheal drugs like loperamide and racecadotril.
This document discusses various classes of opioid and nonopioid analgesics, including strong opioids like morphine and fentanyl, moderate opioids like codeine, and mixed agonist-antagonists like buprenorphine. It also covers nonopioid classes such as NSAIDs, TCAs, and antiepileptics used for pain treatment. Key points include the three opioid receptor families, uses of naloxone and naltrexone, signs of opioid overdose and withdrawal, and treatment of acute and chronic pain with different classes of analgesics.
This document provides information on antidiarrheal and laxative drugs. It begins by defining diarrhea and constipation. It then discusses the classification, causes, and treatment of both conditions. For diarrhea, it covers specific antimicrobial and nonspecific antidiarrheal drugs. For constipation, it discusses various laxative classifications including bulk forming, stool softeners, stimulant, and osmotic laxatives. The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of nutrition, hygiene, fluid intake, and exercise for preventing and managing bowel conditions.
This document discusses antidiarrheals and laxatives that affect the gastrointestinal system. It describes the mechanisms of action, therapeutic uses, and side effects of different classes of antidiarrheal and laxative medications. It also provides nursing implications for the administration and monitoring of these drugs.
Medicines are chemical substances that treat diseases and reduce suffering from pain. They include analgesics like aspirin and narcotics like morphine for pain relief, tranquilizers for stress reduction, antiseptics for wounds, disinfectants, and antimicrobials like antibiotics and sulfa drugs. Antibiotics can be bactericidal, killing microbes, or bacteriostatic, stopping their growth. They come in broad-spectrum varieties effective against many bacteria or specific varieties. Other drug classes include antifertility drugs, antihistamines for allergies, and antacids for excess stomach acid. Food additives are added for preservation, flavor and color enhancement, and nutrition. These include artificial sweeten
This document provides an overview of the Pharmacology course for II Year Pharm D students at P.E.S. College of Pharmacy in Bangalore, India. The course covers general pharmacology topics including definitions, history, sources of drugs, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic uses of drugs. Drugs are obtained from synthetic, natural, and microbiological sources. Natural sources include plants (alkaloids, glycosides, oils, gums, resins, tannins), animals (insulin, thyroid extracts), and microbes (penicillin, chloramphenicol). The course will help students understand the basic principles of how drugs act in the body.
Loperamide hydrochloride capsules are used to control and relieve acute nonspecific diarrhea, chronic diarrhea associated with inflammatory bowel disease, and reducing output from ileostomies. It is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity, abdominal pain without diarrhea, infants under 24 months, and should not be used as primary therapy for other diseases. Common side effects include severe allergic reactions, constipation, bloating, dizziness, drowsiness, and vomiting.
This document discusses the management of diarrhea through rehydration and drug therapy. It defines diarrhea and describes oral rehydration solutions for acute diarrhea treatment. Loperamide is recommended for acute diarrhea while opioids like codeine, diphenoxylate, and tincture of opium can be used for chronic diarrhea. Antimicrobial agents may be given if an infectious cause is known. Other drugs discussed for chronic diarrhea include clonidine, octreotide, cholestyramine, bulk forming agents, and certain plant alkaloids, calcium channel blockers, and chloride channel blockers.
Drugs Used for treatment of Constipation & Diarrhoeaanujrims
This document discusses various types of laxatives and purgatives, their classification, mechanisms of action, and uses. It covers bulk forming laxatives, stool softeners, stimulant purgatives, and osmotic purgatives. Stimulant purgatives like bisacodyl and anthraquinones are described in more detail. The document also discusses the treatment of diarrhea, including fluid replacement, antimicrobial therapy, drugs for inflammatory bowel disease, and nonspecific antidiarrheal drugs like loperamide and racecadotril.
This document discusses various classes of opioid and nonopioid analgesics, including strong opioids like morphine and fentanyl, moderate opioids like codeine, and mixed agonist-antagonists like buprenorphine. It also covers nonopioid classes such as NSAIDs, TCAs, and antiepileptics used for pain treatment. Key points include the three opioid receptor families, uses of naloxone and naltrexone, signs of opioid overdose and withdrawal, and treatment of acute and chronic pain with different classes of analgesics.
This document provides information on antidiarrheal and laxative drugs. It begins by defining diarrhea and constipation. It then discusses the classification, causes, and treatment of both conditions. For diarrhea, it covers specific antimicrobial and nonspecific antidiarrheal drugs. For constipation, it discusses various laxative classifications including bulk forming, stool softeners, stimulant, and osmotic laxatives. The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of nutrition, hygiene, fluid intake, and exercise for preventing and managing bowel conditions.
This document discusses antidiarrheals and laxatives that affect the gastrointestinal system. It describes the mechanisms of action, therapeutic uses, and side effects of different classes of antidiarrheal and laxative medications. It also provides nursing implications for the administration and monitoring of these drugs.
The document advertises a new product called Loperamide ATABS that is claimed to prevent diarrhea. It uses exaggerated and alarming language to urge people to take the product for diarrhea relief. However, the listing of its ingredients and nutritional facts suggests it may cause harm, as it includes substances like sulfuric acid, chlorine, and muriatic acid. The document also absurdly claims the product is available worldwide, including in implausible locations.
This document provides information about Swapnroop Drugs and Pharmaceuticals, an ISO 9001:2008 certified company based in India that specializes in sales and marketing of pharmaceutical products. It lists their vision as providing affordable, high quality pharmaceutical products to benefit customers. Their mission is to increase their product portfolio and deliver more products to customers under one roof to increase company revenue. It notes they provide a variety of pharmaceutical products supported by regulatory documents and can deliver worldwide via courier services within 4-5 days. The document concludes by listing over 200 active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in their product catalog.
This document summarizes information about anti-diarrheal drugs. It defines diarrhea and describes its causes such as diet, infection, drugs, and stress. It classifies diarrhea as acute or chronic and discusses causes of infectious diarrhea. Treatment principles focus on rehydration therapy with oral or intravenous fluids. Specific anti-diarrheal drugs are discussed like opioids, anticholinergics, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, and octreotide. Management of inflammatory bowel diseases with drugs targeting TNF-alpha and immunosuppressants is also covered. The role of probiotics and specific antimicrobial drugs for different infections is summarized.
This document discusses the classification, causes, diagnosis, and treatment of diarrhea. It begins by defining diarrhea and listing common causes such as bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections, food intolerance, medications, and intestinal diseases. The pathophysiology of diarrhea involves increased luminal osmolality, chloride secretion, intestinal motility, or inflammation. Treatment focuses on fluid/electrolyte maintenance and use of anti-infective, anti-motility, or adsorbent agents. Anti-motility drugs like loperamide work by decreasing intestinal motility while adsorbents absorb intestinal toxins.
This document summarizes a clinical trial that evaluated the efficacy and safety of racecadotril for treating acute watery diarrhea in children. The randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial found that racecadotril significantly reduced stool output in children over 48 hours compared to the placebo group receiving only oral rehydration therapy. Racecadotril was well-tolerated with few adverse effects reported. The study provides evidence that racecadotril is an effective adjunct treatment to oral rehydration for managing acute watery diarrhea in children.
10. ac. diarrhoea, vomiting & rec abd painWhiteraven68
Diarrhea is defined as 3 or more loose stools per day. It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children in developing countries. There are different types of diarrhea including acute and chronic. Common causes of acute diarrhea include gastroenteritis, food poisoning, and antibiotics. Chronic diarrhea has causes such as lactose intolerance and inflammatory bowel disease. Assessment of diarrhea involves history, physical exam, and testing to identify dehydration and the underlying cause. Management depends on the degree of dehydration and may include oral rehydration, IV fluids, and antibiotics for severe cases.
This document discusses diarrhea, its disease burden, and strategies for control and treatment. It notes that diarrhea is the second leading cause of death in children under 5 globally and kills over 750,000 young children each year. The national program for control of diarrheal diseases aims to reduce mortality, morbidity, hospital admissions, and outbreaks through standardized case management, training, social mobilization, surveillance, and improved sanitation. Proper use of oral rehydration salts is emphasized as a major breakthrough in combating diarrhea by replacing fluids and electrolytes lost.
This document discusses the causes, treatment, and management of diarrhea. It begins by defining diarrhea as three or more loose stools in a 24 hour period. The causes of diarrhea include osmotic, secretory, motility issues, altered morphology, allergies, drugs, and certain cancers. Treatment involves rehydration either orally or intravenously. Oral rehydration solutions contain sodium, potassium, citrate, and glucose. Antimicrobial therapy may be used for certain infectious causes. Probiotics can help with antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Management of inflammatory bowel disease is also discussed.
1. Diarrhoea can be acute (<2 weeks), persistent (2-4 weeks), or chronic (>4 weeks). Acute diarrhoea is usually infectious and caused by toxins or intestinal inflammation.
2. Chronic diarrhoea is usually non-infectious and can be secretory, osmotic, inflammatory, due to dysmotility, or factitious. Common causes include infections, medications, lactose intolerance, IBD, thyroid disorders, and laxative abuse.
3. Evaluation involves stool tests to identify infectious causes or evaluate for malabsorption, and blood tests to check for hormonal or metabolic abnormalities underlying chronic diarrhoea.
Abacavir is an antiretroviral used to treat HIV infection. It is administered orally in combination with other antiretrovirals. The dosage is 16 mg/kg/day divided into two doses for children under 25 kg and 600 mg/day divided into two doses for children over 25 kg and adults. Abacavir can cause severe hypersensitivity reactions and lactic acidosis, so should be permanently discontinued if any related symptoms occur. It is also generally avoided during pregnancy except if no alternative treatment is available.
The document discusses antidiarrheal agents and laxatives. It defines diarrhea and constipation and lists various causes. It describes the mechanisms of action and side effects of different classes of antidiarrheal medications including adsorbents, anticholinergics, intestinal flora modifiers, and opiates. It also covers the mechanisms of various laxative classes including bulk-forming, emollient, hyperosmotic, saline, and stimulant laxatives. Nursing considerations are provided around the use of these agents.
This document discusses diarrhea, including definitions of acute and chronic diarrhea. It describes common causes of acute and chronic diarrhea such as bacterial, viral, parasitic, and drug-induced etiologies. It also outlines treatments for diarrhea including oral rehydration solutions, zinc supplementation, anti-motility agents, adsorbents, and antibiotics in specific cases. Diagnostic testing and management of dehydration are also discussed.
This document summarizes various drugs acting on the gastrointestinal tract. It discusses emetics and their mechanisms of action including apomorphine and cephaeline. It also discusses various classes of antiemetics like anticholinergics, H1 antihistamines, neuroleptics, prokinetic drugs, and 5HT3 antagonists. Specific antiemetics discussed include hyoscine, promethazine, ondansetron, and granisetron. It also summarizes causes and treatment of diarrhea, including specific antimicrobial drugs and nonspecific antidiarrheal drugs like adsorbents, anti-secretory drugs, and antimotility drugs.
This document provides an overview of diarrhoea and constipation. It begins with an introduction defining the two conditions and their prevalence. It then discusses the causes, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and various treatment approaches for both diarrhoea and constipation. For diarrhoea, it covers infectious and non-infectious causes. It describes approaches for oral rehydration and antimicrobial therapy. For constipation it discusses dietary and lifestyle causes and provides options for both non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic management. The role of the pharmacist in educating patients on prevention and self-management is also highlighted.
1. Diarrhea is a major public health concern, being the second leading cause of mortality in children under five globally, with nearly 1.5 million child deaths attributed to diarrhea each year.
2. Diarrhea is caused by a variety of bacterial, viral and parasitic infections transmitted through contaminated food or water or contact with infected individuals.
3. Treatment involves oral rehydration and zinc supplementation to prevent dehydration, while prevention focuses on vaccination, breastfeeding, handwashing, water treatment and sanitation improvements.
Diarrhea is characterized by loose or watery stool more than 3 times per day. It is a major cause of death in developing countries and infants worldwide. Diarrhea can be acute lasting 1-2 weeks, chronic lasting more than 3 weeks, or persistent lasting 2 weeks or more. Causes include viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi transmitted through the fecal-oral route. Management involves oral rehydration therapy with continued feeding. For severe dehydration intravenous fluids are given along with monitoring until rehydration is complete. Diet emphasizes continued breastfeeding and eating small, frequent meals high in nutrients.
This document provides an overview of infertility, including its definition, classification, factors, investigations, and management. It defines infertility as one year of unprotected intercourse without conception (or six months for women over 35). The causes are classified as female factors (30%), male factors (30%), both (30%), or unknown (10%). Common female factors include problems with the cervix, uterus, tubes, ovaries, or peritoneum. Male factors can be pre-testicular, testicular, or post-testicular. Initial investigations include medical history, examination, and basic tests/hormone levels, with referral recommended for advanced testing or treatment. Lifestyle changes and counseling are the primary management approaches in primary care.
The document discusses diarrheal diseases, including definitions, causes, and approaches. It covers acute diarrhea, which is usually infectious and self-limited, as well as chronic diarrhea, which is often non-infectious. For acute diarrhea, fluid and electrolyte replacement is important. Evaluation involves stool analysis. Antibiotics may reduce severity and duration. Chronic diarrhea has many potential causes including secretory, osmotic, steatorrheal, inflammatory, dysmotile, and iatrogenic factors.
Phenytoin is in a class of medications called anticonvulsants
It works by decreasing abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
Phenytoin is used to control certain type of seizures, and to treat and prevent seizures that may begin during or after surgery
Peptic ulcers develop in the lining of the stomach, duodenum, or esophagus when acidic digestive juices damage the protective mucus layer. Common symptoms include stomach pain relieved by food or antacids. While acid contributes to ulcer formation, infection with H. pylori bacteria is now the leading cause. Treatment focuses on reducing acid with H2 blockers or proton pump inhibitors, eliminating H. pylori, and counseling lifestyle changes.
This document discusses drugs used to treat diarrhea and constipation. It describes various causes of diarrhea and different types of laxatives. Oral rehydration solutions and antimotility drugs like loperamide, clonidine and octreotide are used to treat diarrhea. Bulk-forming, stool softening, and stimulant laxatives are described for treating constipation. Drugs used for inflammatory bowel disease like 5-aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, antibiotics, and biologics are also summarized.
The document advertises a new product called Loperamide ATABS that is claimed to prevent diarrhea. It uses exaggerated and alarming language to urge people to take the product for diarrhea relief. However, the listing of its ingredients and nutritional facts suggests it may cause harm, as it includes substances like sulfuric acid, chlorine, and muriatic acid. The document also absurdly claims the product is available worldwide, including in implausible locations.
This document provides information about Swapnroop Drugs and Pharmaceuticals, an ISO 9001:2008 certified company based in India that specializes in sales and marketing of pharmaceutical products. It lists their vision as providing affordable, high quality pharmaceutical products to benefit customers. Their mission is to increase their product portfolio and deliver more products to customers under one roof to increase company revenue. It notes they provide a variety of pharmaceutical products supported by regulatory documents and can deliver worldwide via courier services within 4-5 days. The document concludes by listing over 200 active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in their product catalog.
This document summarizes information about anti-diarrheal drugs. It defines diarrhea and describes its causes such as diet, infection, drugs, and stress. It classifies diarrhea as acute or chronic and discusses causes of infectious diarrhea. Treatment principles focus on rehydration therapy with oral or intravenous fluids. Specific anti-diarrheal drugs are discussed like opioids, anticholinergics, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, and octreotide. Management of inflammatory bowel diseases with drugs targeting TNF-alpha and immunosuppressants is also covered. The role of probiotics and specific antimicrobial drugs for different infections is summarized.
This document discusses the classification, causes, diagnosis, and treatment of diarrhea. It begins by defining diarrhea and listing common causes such as bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections, food intolerance, medications, and intestinal diseases. The pathophysiology of diarrhea involves increased luminal osmolality, chloride secretion, intestinal motility, or inflammation. Treatment focuses on fluid/electrolyte maintenance and use of anti-infective, anti-motility, or adsorbent agents. Anti-motility drugs like loperamide work by decreasing intestinal motility while adsorbents absorb intestinal toxins.
This document summarizes a clinical trial that evaluated the efficacy and safety of racecadotril for treating acute watery diarrhea in children. The randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial found that racecadotril significantly reduced stool output in children over 48 hours compared to the placebo group receiving only oral rehydration therapy. Racecadotril was well-tolerated with few adverse effects reported. The study provides evidence that racecadotril is an effective adjunct treatment to oral rehydration for managing acute watery diarrhea in children.
10. ac. diarrhoea, vomiting & rec abd painWhiteraven68
Diarrhea is defined as 3 or more loose stools per day. It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children in developing countries. There are different types of diarrhea including acute and chronic. Common causes of acute diarrhea include gastroenteritis, food poisoning, and antibiotics. Chronic diarrhea has causes such as lactose intolerance and inflammatory bowel disease. Assessment of diarrhea involves history, physical exam, and testing to identify dehydration and the underlying cause. Management depends on the degree of dehydration and may include oral rehydration, IV fluids, and antibiotics for severe cases.
This document discusses diarrhea, its disease burden, and strategies for control and treatment. It notes that diarrhea is the second leading cause of death in children under 5 globally and kills over 750,000 young children each year. The national program for control of diarrheal diseases aims to reduce mortality, morbidity, hospital admissions, and outbreaks through standardized case management, training, social mobilization, surveillance, and improved sanitation. Proper use of oral rehydration salts is emphasized as a major breakthrough in combating diarrhea by replacing fluids and electrolytes lost.
This document discusses the causes, treatment, and management of diarrhea. It begins by defining diarrhea as three or more loose stools in a 24 hour period. The causes of diarrhea include osmotic, secretory, motility issues, altered morphology, allergies, drugs, and certain cancers. Treatment involves rehydration either orally or intravenously. Oral rehydration solutions contain sodium, potassium, citrate, and glucose. Antimicrobial therapy may be used for certain infectious causes. Probiotics can help with antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Management of inflammatory bowel disease is also discussed.
1. Diarrhoea can be acute (<2 weeks), persistent (2-4 weeks), or chronic (>4 weeks). Acute diarrhoea is usually infectious and caused by toxins or intestinal inflammation.
2. Chronic diarrhoea is usually non-infectious and can be secretory, osmotic, inflammatory, due to dysmotility, or factitious. Common causes include infections, medications, lactose intolerance, IBD, thyroid disorders, and laxative abuse.
3. Evaluation involves stool tests to identify infectious causes or evaluate for malabsorption, and blood tests to check for hormonal or metabolic abnormalities underlying chronic diarrhoea.
Abacavir is an antiretroviral used to treat HIV infection. It is administered orally in combination with other antiretrovirals. The dosage is 16 mg/kg/day divided into two doses for children under 25 kg and 600 mg/day divided into two doses for children over 25 kg and adults. Abacavir can cause severe hypersensitivity reactions and lactic acidosis, so should be permanently discontinued if any related symptoms occur. It is also generally avoided during pregnancy except if no alternative treatment is available.
The document discusses antidiarrheal agents and laxatives. It defines diarrhea and constipation and lists various causes. It describes the mechanisms of action and side effects of different classes of antidiarrheal medications including adsorbents, anticholinergics, intestinal flora modifiers, and opiates. It also covers the mechanisms of various laxative classes including bulk-forming, emollient, hyperosmotic, saline, and stimulant laxatives. Nursing considerations are provided around the use of these agents.
This document discusses diarrhea, including definitions of acute and chronic diarrhea. It describes common causes of acute and chronic diarrhea such as bacterial, viral, parasitic, and drug-induced etiologies. It also outlines treatments for diarrhea including oral rehydration solutions, zinc supplementation, anti-motility agents, adsorbents, and antibiotics in specific cases. Diagnostic testing and management of dehydration are also discussed.
This document summarizes various drugs acting on the gastrointestinal tract. It discusses emetics and their mechanisms of action including apomorphine and cephaeline. It also discusses various classes of antiemetics like anticholinergics, H1 antihistamines, neuroleptics, prokinetic drugs, and 5HT3 antagonists. Specific antiemetics discussed include hyoscine, promethazine, ondansetron, and granisetron. It also summarizes causes and treatment of diarrhea, including specific antimicrobial drugs and nonspecific antidiarrheal drugs like adsorbents, anti-secretory drugs, and antimotility drugs.
This document provides an overview of diarrhoea and constipation. It begins with an introduction defining the two conditions and their prevalence. It then discusses the causes, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and various treatment approaches for both diarrhoea and constipation. For diarrhoea, it covers infectious and non-infectious causes. It describes approaches for oral rehydration and antimicrobial therapy. For constipation it discusses dietary and lifestyle causes and provides options for both non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic management. The role of the pharmacist in educating patients on prevention and self-management is also highlighted.
1. Diarrhea is a major public health concern, being the second leading cause of mortality in children under five globally, with nearly 1.5 million child deaths attributed to diarrhea each year.
2. Diarrhea is caused by a variety of bacterial, viral and parasitic infections transmitted through contaminated food or water or contact with infected individuals.
3. Treatment involves oral rehydration and zinc supplementation to prevent dehydration, while prevention focuses on vaccination, breastfeeding, handwashing, water treatment and sanitation improvements.
Diarrhea is characterized by loose or watery stool more than 3 times per day. It is a major cause of death in developing countries and infants worldwide. Diarrhea can be acute lasting 1-2 weeks, chronic lasting more than 3 weeks, or persistent lasting 2 weeks or more. Causes include viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi transmitted through the fecal-oral route. Management involves oral rehydration therapy with continued feeding. For severe dehydration intravenous fluids are given along with monitoring until rehydration is complete. Diet emphasizes continued breastfeeding and eating small, frequent meals high in nutrients.
This document provides an overview of infertility, including its definition, classification, factors, investigations, and management. It defines infertility as one year of unprotected intercourse without conception (or six months for women over 35). The causes are classified as female factors (30%), male factors (30%), both (30%), or unknown (10%). Common female factors include problems with the cervix, uterus, tubes, ovaries, or peritoneum. Male factors can be pre-testicular, testicular, or post-testicular. Initial investigations include medical history, examination, and basic tests/hormone levels, with referral recommended for advanced testing or treatment. Lifestyle changes and counseling are the primary management approaches in primary care.
The document discusses diarrheal diseases, including definitions, causes, and approaches. It covers acute diarrhea, which is usually infectious and self-limited, as well as chronic diarrhea, which is often non-infectious. For acute diarrhea, fluid and electrolyte replacement is important. Evaluation involves stool analysis. Antibiotics may reduce severity and duration. Chronic diarrhea has many potential causes including secretory, osmotic, steatorrheal, inflammatory, dysmotile, and iatrogenic factors.
Phenytoin is in a class of medications called anticonvulsants
It works by decreasing abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
Phenytoin is used to control certain type of seizures, and to treat and prevent seizures that may begin during or after surgery
Peptic ulcers develop in the lining of the stomach, duodenum, or esophagus when acidic digestive juices damage the protective mucus layer. Common symptoms include stomach pain relieved by food or antacids. While acid contributes to ulcer formation, infection with H. pylori bacteria is now the leading cause. Treatment focuses on reducing acid with H2 blockers or proton pump inhibitors, eliminating H. pylori, and counseling lifestyle changes.
This document discusses drugs used to treat diarrhea and constipation. It describes various causes of diarrhea and different types of laxatives. Oral rehydration solutions and antimotility drugs like loperamide, clonidine and octreotide are used to treat diarrhea. Bulk-forming, stool softening, and stimulant laxatives are described for treating constipation. Drugs used for inflammatory bowel disease like 5-aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, antibiotics, and biologics are also summarized.
Group 4 presentation (drug used to treat and prevent).pptxSunitaArslan
The document discusses drugs used to treat and prevent infections. It covers several categories of antiparasitic drugs including antinematodal, anticestodal, antilungworm, antitrematodal, and antiprotozoal. Specific drugs discussed include piperazine, amodiaquine, furazolidone, and mebendazole. Their mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, and common side effects are summarized. The document also discusses pyrimethamine, its uses for malaria treatment, mechanism of action by inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase, and potential side effects of antiparasitic agents.
This document discusses the etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, and diarrhea. It begins by describing nausea and vomiting as common symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders. It then discusses the etiology, pathophysiology involving the vomiting center and various neurotransmitter systems, and pharmacological management including antacids, H2 receptor antagonists, and serotonin antagonists. Next, it covers dyspepsia including definition, causes, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management with antacids, H2 receptor antagonists, and proton pump inhibitors. Finally, it addresses diarrhea by defining it, discussing pathophysiological mechanisms, and outlining non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment
Chlorpheniramine maleate is an antihistamine used to treat allergy symptoms. It works by blocking the effects of histamine in the body. Common brand names include ChlorTrimeton. Kreative Organics manufactures chlorpheniramine maleate and other active pharmaceutical ingredients. The company aims to introduce new products, expand its network of partners, and lower costs for customers.
This document summarizes several medicines used to treat gastrointestinal issues. Entox P contains attapulgite and is used to treat diarrhea by collapsing water content in the large intestine. Lomotin contains atropine sulfate but should not be given to heart patients due to potential side effects like increased heart rate. Buscopan Plus contains hyosine butylbromide and paracetamol but can cause allergic reactions with symptoms like shortness of breath, wheezing, and rash. Imodium contains loperamide hydrochloride and common side effects include dizziness, dry mouth, gas, and nausea. Motillium contains domperidone 10mg and is used to treat
This document summarizes drugs used to treat gastrointestinal disorders. It discusses antiemetics for vomiting, antidiarrheals for diarrhea, laxatives for constipation, and anti-ulcer drugs. It describes the causes and types of each condition and classifies the drugs by their mechanisms of action, including opiates, anticholinergics, antacids, H2 blockers, PPIs, pepsin inhibitors, and prostaglandin analogues. Common side effects are also outlined for each drug class.
Pharmaceutical Chemistry for first year diploma in pharmacy
Prepared by Ms. Gunjegaonkar Manjushree
Lecturer SJVPM's Rasiklal M. Dhariwal College of Pharmacy, Chinchwad, Pune
This presentation discusses the causes, symptoms, classification and treatment of peptic ulcers. It begins with an introduction defining ulcers and their locations in the stomach and duodenum. The main causes of ulcers are identified as alcohol, NSAIDs, smoking, stress and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Common symptoms include epigastric pain relieved by food or antacids. The presentation then classifies treatments for ulcers including anti-secretory agents like H2 receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors, anticholinergic drugs, prostaglandin analogues, antacids, and anti-H. pylori treatments. Sucralfate is also discussed as an ulcer protective agent.
This document discusses mood stabilizers, which are medications used to treat mood disorders like bipolar disorder. It describes bipolar disorder and its symptoms. The main types of mood stabilizers are lithium, anticonvulsants like valproate and carbamazepine, and antipsychotics. Lithium was one of the first mood stabilizers and works by interfering with cell signaling pathways. Anticonvulsants also have mood stabilizing effects through mechanisms like enhancing GABA. Antipsychotics are used to treat mania and can have side effects like extrapyramidal symptoms. The goals of treatment are to reduce symptoms, prevent relapse, and improve functioning while reducing risks.
Supportive care involves preventing and managing the adverse effects of cancer and its treatment across the entire cancer experience. This includes managing physical and psychological symptoms. Palliative care focuses on pain management and addressing other distressing symptoms while incorporating psychosocial and spiritual support. Supportive care includes symptom control and psychosocial support, while palliative care becomes the main focus when curative treatment is no longer effective or desired. The document discusses various symptoms experienced by cancer patients and their management, including pain, xerostomia, oral mucositis, nausea, diarrhea, dermatitis, and nutritional issues.
GERD is caused by reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus. It can be due to transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations, reduced LES tone, hiatal hernia, or impaired esophageal clearance. Risk factors include obesity, smoking, pregnancy, and connective tissue disorders. Symptoms include heartburn, regurgitation, and chest pain. Diagnosis involves endoscopy or 24-hour pH monitoring. Treatment begins with lifestyle changes and antacids. Proton pump inhibitors are prescribed for moderate to severe cases or those not responding to other treatments. Surgery or endoscopic procedures may be used for cases not controlled by medication.
Appetite stimulants and suppressants-Anorexiants,PharmacologyNishanth Arunodayam
This document summarizes appetite stimulants and suppressants. It was prepared by Nishanth K P, a 6th semester B.Pharm student. Appetite stimulants like megestrol and dronabinol are used to increase appetite in conditions causing weight loss like cancer. Appetite suppressants or anorexiants include amphetamine, fenfluramine, sibutramine, and rimonabant which act centrally or on the GI tract to reduce appetite and treat obesity. Common side effects of these drugs include nausea, dry mouth, insomnia, and increased heart rate.
Therapeutic and diagnostic applications of enzymes isozymes and coenzymesShubhrat Maheshwari
This document discusses therapeutic and diagnostic applications of enzymes, isoenzymes, and coenzymes. It provides examples of how enzymes are used therapeutically to aid digestion, act as anti-clotting agents, and treat various conditions. It also discusses how enzymes are used diagnostically to detect levels of substances like glucose, liver enzymes, and more. The document then explains isoenzymes and provides an example of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes. Finally, it discusses several important coenzymes like NAD, FAD, biotin, vitamin B12 and their roles in biochemical reactions and maintaining health.
The document discusses the basic concepts and applications of prodrug design. It defines a prodrug as an inactive derivative of an active drug that undergoes biotransformation in the body to release the pharmacologically active drug. The objectives of prodrug design include improving pharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic properties like solubility, stability, absorption and reducing toxicity. Prodrugs are classified based on their structure and site of bioactivation. Applications of prodrugs include masking taste/odor, reducing irritation, enhancing solubility/bioavailability, prolonging duration of action, reducing toxicity and enabling site-specific drug delivery.
1. Diuretics are drugs that increase urine output by inhibiting tubular reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidneys. They are used to treat various types of edema and hypertension.
2. Diuretics can be classified based on their chemical structure and include xanthine, thiazide, loop, and potassium-sparing diuretics. Common loop diuretics are furosemide and bumetanide which have a rapid onset but short duration. Thiazide diuretics like hydrochlorothiazide have a longer duration.
3. Specific diuretics discussed include acetazolamide, furosemide, bumetanide, chlorthalidone
Peptic ulcers form in the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum due to excessive acid secretions, breakdown of mucosal protection, or H. pylori infection. Acid is secreted via vagus nerve stimulation or gastric distention stimulating gastrin and histamine release. Drugs to treat ulcers include antacids to reduce acidity, H2 blockers to inhibit histamine, and PPIs to further reduce acid secretion. Ulcer protection drugs form a protective lining, while combinations of omeprazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin, or metronidazole are used to treat H. pylori infections.
This document discusses peptic and duodenal ulcers. It begins by defining ulcers as sores that do not heal or keep returning inside or outside the body. Peptic ulcers form in the stomach or duodenum due to excess stomach acid eroding the mucosal layer. Risk factors include H. pylori infection, smoking, stress, alcohol, and NSAIDs. Symptoms include abdominal pain and burning. Treatment involves antibiotics to eliminate H. pylori, antacids to neutralize acid, mucosal protectants, prostaglandins to inhibit acid secretion, antispasmodics to reduce spasms, and H2 receptor antagonists or proton pump inhibitors to suppress acid production
Similar to Generic Imodium - To Treat Diarrhea (20)
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Brain tumor is one of the serious health issue, know here the different types of brain tumor and how it is treated according to stages and type. http://www.myhealthpharma.com/blog/things-to-known-about-brain-tumor.aspx
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Respiratory system issues may lead to asthma attack, so one should not ignore respiratory illness. Check out here more on asthma attack causes, prevention and asthma medication http://www.myhealthpharma.com/generic-flovent.aspx
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Doing yoga during pregnancy, is it safe ? Prenatal yoga has its own benefits, pregnant women perform it under the guidance of instructor.
Note:- Pregnancy Yoga & Postures must be performed under the guidance of Yoga Instructor.
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Suffering from dirt allergies ?? Specially infections because of climate change. Allergy medication like Generic Zyrtec will help you to get quick relief.
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Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
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Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
2. • Generic Imodium (loperamide
hydrochloride) is a medicine used to control
chronic diarrhea.
• The drug contains an antidiarrheal agent,
Loperamide, which functions by slowing
down the movement of the contents in the
bowel.
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What is Generic Imodium?
3. • The main ingredient in Generic
Imodium is Loperamide hydrochloride.
• Chemical name is 4-(p-chlorophenyl)-4-
hydroxy-N, N-dimethyl-a, a-diphenyl-
piperidinebutyramide
monohydrochloride.
• The inactive ingredients are
magnesium stearate, talc, cornstarch
and lactose.
Formula
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4. Diarrhea
• Generally, a virus that infects the
stomach causes diarrhea.
• It is called as “intestinal flu" or "stomach
flu."
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5. What is the causes of Diarrhea?
Diabetes Alcohol abuseRadiation therapy
Food Allergy Medications www.myhealthpharma.com
6. Symptoms Of Diarrhea…..
• To feel for bowel movement
• Thin Stools
• Nausea and vomiting
• Pains
• Fever
• Weight Loss
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8. How to take Generic Imodium ?
• Use Generic Imodium as directed by the physician.
• Don’t take small or large quantities of this medicine
• Take medicine with a glass of full water.
• Take medicine twice in a day ( as directed)
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9. • Don’t take who are allergic to Loperamide
• Before taking Medicine inform health
issues to Doctor
• Don’t Drive or ride after taking medicine
What Should Avoid in treatment?
10. • Don’t take two doses at a time, can affect on
overall health
• Keep Tablets away from sunlight and
moisture.
• If you are pregnant , Please Consult with your
doctor.
What Should Avoid in treatment?
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