The document summarizes the five generations of computers from 1946 to present. The first generation used vacuum tubes and was very large, slow, and expensive. The second generation used transistors and was smaller and faster than the first. The third generation used integrated circuits and could perform millions of instructions per second. The fourth generation used microprocessors and introduced personal computers. The fifth generation uses artificial intelligence and can understand natural languages. Each generation brought improvements in speed, size, cost, programming languages, and input/output devices.

1. GENERATIONS OF
COMPUTERS
Computer Skills for Social Sciences
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2. A sneak peek into
the Computer
Computer is an electronic device which processes data, accept
and stores the input, and generates the output in desired
formats.

3. 02
03
01
Why Computers are so important?
High Accuracy
High Productivity
Keeps you connected
(INTERNET)
Computers Save Time
Helps automate and monitor
A source of Income
05
06
04

4. FIVE GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS
It appeared between
1946-1959. It was
vaccum based.
Its period was 1959-
1965. It was transistor
based.
Its period was 1965-
1971. It was
integrated circuit
based.
It appeared between
1971-1980. It was VLSI
microprocessor based.
Its period is 1980-
onwards. It is USLI
microprocessor based.
First Fourth
Second Third Fifth
Generation in computer phrasing could be a change in innovation that in a computer
is/was being utilized. At first, the generation term
was utilized to recognize between shifting equipment innovations. These
days, generation incorporates both hardware and computer program, which together
make up a complete computer framework. There are five computer generations known till
date.

5. First Generation of the Computer (1946-1959)
Vaccum Tube Based
It had Batch Processing OS
Main memory is magnetic drums/tapes
It used Machine Language for programming
Input/Output devices were punched cards and paper
tape.
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6. 02
03
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Pros And Cons
Consumed a lot of electricity
Generated a lot of heat
Very Large
Too Slow
Highly Expensive
Used Machine Language Only
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06
04

7. Examples
-ENIAC
-UNIVAC1
-IBM 650
-IBM 701
Etc.

8. Second Generation of the Computer (1959-1965)
Transistors Based
Magnetic Tape as secondary storage media
Assembly language was used for programming
Used magnetic random access memory as main memory
Input/Output devices were punched cards and paper
tape.
02

9. 02
03
01
Pros And Cons
Consumed less power
as compared to 1st
Gen
Had Better and Large
Storage
Smaller as compared
to 1st Gen
Better speed than 1st Gen
Improvement of
Speed and Reliability
It was easier to program
05
06
04
Generated less heat
but AC was required
for cooling
07

10. Examples
-IBM 7094
-UNIVAC 1107
-IBM 1401
-IBM 7090
Etc.

11. Third Generation of the Computer (1965-1971)
Integrated Circuit Based
Large Magnetic Tape/Disk and core were used as memory
Could perform 1 Million instructions per second
Used high level programming languages like Fortran,
COBOL etc
Input/Output devices were magnetic tape, keyboard,
monitor, printer etc
03

12. 02
03
01
Pros And Cons
Consumed less power and
generated less heat still AC
required for cooling
Didn’t need much maintenance
still less expensive than
previous generations
Smaller as compared
to first 2 Generations
Input/Output devices
were better
Better speed and
reliability as compared to
first 2 Generations
Used high end languages
05
06
04
They were called
mini-computers for
their size
07

13. Examples
-IBM 360
-UNIVAC 1108
-IBM 370
-PDP-11
Etc.

14. Fourth Generation of the Computer (1971-1980)
LSI and VLSI based
Large Scale Integration was introduced
Used semi-conductor memory (RAM, ROM etc.)
High End Languages (Python, C#, Java, Rust, Kotlin
etc)
Input/Output devices were keyboard, pointing
devices, optical scanning, monitor, printer etc.
04

15. 02
03
01
Pros And Cons
Consumed less power and
generated less heat and no
AC was required
INTERNET was introduced
Networks were improved
Input/Output devices
were better
Better speed and reliability
and portability yet very cost
effective
Used high end languages
like Java, Python etc
05
06
04
Pipeline Processing
07 PCs were introduced
08

16. Examples
-IBM PC
-STAR 1000
-Apple II
-Apple Macintosh
Etc.

17. Fifth Generation of the Computer (1971-1980)
It is ULSI (millions of transistors on a single micro-chip) based
Artificial Intelligence Revolution
Interface (UI) and experience (UX) is very user friendly
Portable computers/Laptops
These can understand Human (Natural) Language too.
Input/Output devices were keyboard, monitor, mouse,
trackpad, touchscreen, pen, speech input, light scanner,
printer etc.
05

18. 02
03
01
Pros And Cons
Storage, Networks and
Communications took a
new turn
INTERNET exploded and online
markets hit the jackpot
Development of Natural
Language
Input/Output devices
are better
Very Powerful and Compact
yet Cheap
Super-conductors
revolutionized the computer
technology
05
06
04
Remarkable Speed,
Accuracy and
Reliability
07 PCs were introduced
08

19. Examples
-Apple’s MacBook Series
-HP Omen Series
-Haier Notebook
-Customized PCs
-SUN Work-Staions
-Predator Laptops
Etc.

20. A BRIEF
COMPARISON

21. CREDITS
JIZZA BABAR
RAHEELA K. RAJA
AYESHA ARSHAD
MUHAMMAD JAFFAR JIBRAN
MUHAMMAD SAAD

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