The five generations of computers
1940 – 1956: First Generation – Vacuum Tubes. These early computers used vacuum tubes as circuitry and magnetic drums for memory. ...
1956 – 1963: Second Generation – Transistors. ...
1964 – 1971: Third Generation – Integrated Circuits. ...
1972 – 2010: Fourth Generation – Microprocessors.
Computer has become a part of our life. Today along with calculations, their work area is very wide-supermarket scanners scan and calculate our grocery bill and also keep store inventory, automatic teller machines(ATM) helps us in banking transaction how the technology has developed and what its future course is To understand this first we should know about the different generations of computers.
The First electronic computer was designed and built at the university of pennsylvania based on vaccum tube technology. Vaccum tubes were used to perform logic operations and to store data. Generations of computers has been divided into five according to the development of technologies used to fabricate the processors, memories and I/O units.
The History of computer development is often referred to in reference to the different generations of computing devices. Each generation of computer is characterized by a major technological development that fundamentally changed the way computers operates, resulting in increasingly smaller, cheaper, more powerful and more efficient and reliable devices.
A presentation I made. If you think its good do hit the like button.
also tell me if I should make more. It is about generation of computers and how the computers have evolved over a period of time.
Computer has become a part of our life. Today along with calculations, their work area is very wide-supermarket scanners scan and calculate our grocery bill and also keep store inventory, automatic teller machines(ATM) helps us in banking transaction how the technology has developed and what its future course is To understand this first we should know about the different generations of computers.
The First electronic computer was designed and built at the university of pennsylvania based on vaccum tube technology. Vaccum tubes were used to perform logic operations and to store data. Generations of computers has been divided into five according to the development of technologies used to fabricate the processors, memories and I/O units.
The History of computer development is often referred to in reference to the different generations of computing devices. Each generation of computer is characterized by a major technological development that fundamentally changed the way computers operates, resulting in increasingly smaller, cheaper, more powerful and more efficient and reliable devices.
A presentation I made. If you think its good do hit the like button.
also tell me if I should make more. It is about generation of computers and how the computers have evolved over a period of time.
S.No Generation & Description
1 First Generation The period of the first generation: 1946-1959. Vacuum tube based.
2 Second Generation The period of the second generation: 1959-1965. Transistor-based.
3 Third Generation The period of the third generation: 1965-1971. Integrated Circuit based.
Generation in computer terminology is a change in technology a computer is/was being used.
Initially, the generation term was used to distinguish between varying hardware technologies.
Nowadays, generation includes both hardware and software, which together make up an entire
computer system
The modern computer took its shape with the arrival of your time. It had been around 16th century when the evolution of the computer started. The initial computer faced many changes, obviously for the betterment. It continuously improved itself in terms of speed, accuracy, size, and price to urge the form of the fashionable day computer. This long period is often conveniently divided into the subsequent phases called computer generations:
First Generation Computers (1940-1956)
Second Generation Computers (1956-1963)
Third Generation Computers (1964-1971)
Fourth Generation Computers (1971-Present)
Fifth Generation Computers (Present and Beyond)
Before there are graphing calculators, spreadsheets, and computer algebra systems, mathematicians and inventors searched for solutions to ease the burden of calculation.
Below are the 8 mechanical calculators before modern computers were invented.
1. Abacus (ca. 2700 BC)
2. Pascal’s Calculator (1652)
3. Stepped Reckoner (1694)
4. Arithmometer (1820)
5. Comptometer (1887) and Comptograph (1889)
6. The Difference Engine (1822)
7. Analytical Engine (1834)
8. The Millionaire (1893)
First Generation Computers: Vacuum Tubes (1940-1956)
The technology behind the primary generation computers was a fragile glass device, which was called vacuum tubes. These computers were very heavy and really large in size. These weren’t very reliable and programming on them was a really tedious task as they used low-level programming language and used no OS. First-generation computers were used for calculation, storage, and control purpose. They were too bulky and large that they needed a full room and consume rot of electricity.
Main first generation computers are:
ENIAC: Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, built by J. Presper Eckert and John V. Mauchly was a general-purpose computer. It had been very heavy, large, and contained 18,000 vacuum tubes.
EDVAC: Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer was designed by von Neumann. It could store data also as instruction and thus the speed was enhanced.
UNIVAC: Universal Automatic Computer was developed in 1952 by Eckert and Mauchly.
Main characteristics of first generation computers are:
Main electronic component Vacuum tube.
Programming language Machine language.
Main memory Magnetic tapes and magnetic drums.
Input/output devices Paper tape and punched cards.
Speed and size Very slow and very large in size (often taking up entire room).
Examples of the first generation IBM 650, IBM 701, ENIAC, UNIVAC1, etc.
Second Generation Computers: Transistors (1956-1963)
Second-generation computers used the technology of transistors rather than bulky vacuum tubes. Another feature was the core storage. A transistor may be a device composed of semiconductor material that amplifies a sign or opens or closes a circuit.
Transistors were invented in Bell Labs. The use of transistors made it possible to perform powerfully and with due speed.
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2. Generations of Computer
The history of computer development is
often referred to in reference to the
different generations of
computing devices. Each of the five
generations of computers is characterized
by a major technological development that
fundamentally changed the way
computers operate, resulting in
increasingly smaller, cheaper, more
powerful and more efficient and reliable
computing devices.
3. As early as the seventeenth century,
mathematicians were trying to create a
machine
that could perform basic mathematical
functions
such as, addition, subtraction, division and
multiplication.
4. 1804 British inventor, Charles
Babbage, designed an all-purpose
problem-solving machine, the
difference engine, which had a
mechanical memory to store the
results of calculations.
5. Generations of Computer
• First Generation
• Second Generation
• Third Generation
• Fourth Generation
• Fifth Generation
6. First Generation 1946-1959
• First generation of computers started with using vacuum
tubes as the basic components for memory and circuitry
for CPU (Central Processing Unit).
• These tubes like electric bulbs produced a lot of heat and
were prone to frequent fusing of the installations,
therefore, were very expensive and could be afforded
only by very large organizations.
7. The main features and drawbacks of First Generation are
Unreliable
Supported Machine
language only
Very costly
Generate lot of heat
Slow Input/output device
Huge size
Need of A.C.
Non-portable
8. Second Generation (1956-1963)
Transistors replace vacuum tubes and ushered
in the second generation of computers. The
transistor was invented in 1947 but did not see
widespread use in computers until the late
1950s.Though the transistor still generated a great
deal of heat that subjected the computer to
damage
9. The main features of Second Generation are:
• Use of transistors
• Reliable, Smaller, Generate
less heat ,Consumed less
electricity as compared to
First generation computers
• Faster than first generation
computers
• Still very costly
• A.C. needed
• Support machine and
assembly languages
10. Third Generation (1964-1971)
• The third generation of computer is marked by the use of
Integrated Circuits (IC's) in place of transistors.
• A single IC has many transistors, resistors and capacitors
along with the associated circuitry.
• This development made computers smaller in size, reliable
and efficient.
• High-level language is used during this generation.
11. The main features of Third Generation are:
• IC used
• More reliable and Faster
• Smaller size
• Generate less heat
• Lesser maintenance
• Still costly
• A.C. needed
• Consumed lesser electricity
• Support high-level language
12. Fourth Generation 1971-1980
• The fourth generation of computers is marked by the use
of Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits.
• All the higher level languages like C and C++, DBASE,
etc., were used in this generation.
13. The main features of Fourth Generation are:
• VLSI technology used
• Very cheap ,portable and
reliable
• No A.C. needed
• Concept of networking and
internet was introduced
14. Fifth Generation (1918-tilldate)
• The period of Fifth Generation is In the fifth
generation, the VLSI technology became ULSI
(Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology,
resulting in the production of microprocessor
chips having ten million electronic components.
• This generation is based on parallel processing
hardware and AI (Artificial Intelligence)
software.
15. AI includes:
• Robotics
• Neural networks
• Gaming
• Development of expert systems to make
decisions in real life situations.
• Natural language understanding and
generation.
16. The main features of Fifth Generation are:
• ULSI technology
• Development of true artificial
intelligence
• Development of Natural language
processing
• More user friendly interfaces with
multimedia features
• Availability of very powerful and
compact computers at cheaper rates
17.
18. Desktop Computer
• A desktop computer is a personal
computer that fits on or under a desk. They
usually consist of a monitor, keyboard, mouse
and either a horizontal or vertical(tower) form
factor. Unlike a laptop, which is portable, a
desktop computer is meant to stay at one
location.
19. Laptop Computer
• A laptop, often called a notebook or "notebook
computer", is a small, portable personal
computer
• Laptops are folded shut for transportation, and
thus are suitable for mobile use.
20. Tablet Computer
• A tablet is a wireless, portable personal
computer with a touchscreen interface. The
tablet form factor is typically smaller than a
notebook computer, but larger than
a smartphone.
21. Smart Phone
• A smartphone is a cellular telephone with an
integrated computer and other features not
originally associated with telephones, such as
an operating system, Web browsing and the
ability to run software applications.
• The first smartphone was IBM's Simon,
22. Mainframe
• Large expensive
computer capable of
simultaneously
processing data for
hundreds or thousands
of users.
• Used to store, manage,
and process large
amounts of data that
need to be reliable,
secure, and centralized.
• Usually housed in a
closet sized cabinet.
23. Workstation
• Powerful desktop computer designed for
specialized tasks.
• Can tackle tasks that require a lot of processing
speed.
24. Handheld
• Also called a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant).
• A computer that fits into a pocket, runs on batteries, and is
used while holding the unit in your hand.
• Typically used as an appointment book, address book,
calculator, and notepad.
• Can be synchronized with a personal microcomputer as a
backup.
25. Supercomputer
• A computer that was the fastest in the world at
the time it was constructed.
• Can tackle tasks that would not be practical for
other computers.
Typical uses
• Breaking codes
• Modeling weather systems