The document outlines the evolution of computers through five generations, each marked by significant technological advancements. Beginning with vacuum tubes in the first generation, the progression includes transistors, integrated circuits, very large scale integration, and up to ultra large scale integration in the current fifth generation, which emphasizes artificial intelligence and powerful microprocessors. It also categorizes various types of computers such as desktops, laptops, tablets, smartphones, mainframes, and supercomputers.

1. Generations of
Computer
Presented By :
S1-BCA

2. Generations of Computer
The history of computer development is
often referred to in reference to the
different generations of
computing devices. Each of the five
generations of computers is characterized
by a major technological development that
fundamentally changed the way
computers operate, resulting in
increasingly smaller, cheaper, more
powerful and more efficient and reliable
computing devices.

3. As early as the seventeenth century,
mathematicians were trying to create a
machine
that could perform basic mathematical
functions
such as, addition, subtraction, division and
multiplication.

4. 1804 British inventor, Charles
Babbage, designed an all-purpose
problem-solving machine, the
difference engine, which had a
mechanical memory to store the
results of calculations.

5. Generations of Computer
• First Generation
• Second Generation
• Third Generation
• Fourth Generation
• Fifth Generation

6. First Generation 1946-1959
• First generation of computers started with using vacuum
tubes as the basic components for memory and circuitry
for CPU (Central Processing Unit).
• These tubes like electric bulbs produced a lot of heat and
were prone to frequent fusing of the installations,
therefore, were very expensive and could be afforded
only by very large organizations.

7. The main features and drawbacks of First Generation are
 Unreliable
 Supported Machine
language only
 Very costly
 Generate lot of heat
 Slow Input/output device
 Huge size
 Need of A.C.
 Non-portable

8. Second Generation (1956-1963)
Transistors replace vacuum tubes and ushered
in the second generation of computers. The
transistor was invented in 1947 but did not see
widespread use in computers until the late
1950s.Though the transistor still generated a great
deal of heat that subjected the computer to
damage

9. The main features of Second Generation are:
• Use of transistors
• Reliable, Smaller, Generate
less heat ,Consumed less
electricity as compared to
First generation computers
• Faster than first generation
computers
• Still very costly
• A.C. needed
• Support machine and
assembly languages

10. Third Generation (1964-1971)
• The third generation of computer is marked by the use of
Integrated Circuits (IC's) in place of transistors.
• A single IC has many transistors, resistors and capacitors
along with the associated circuitry.
• This development made computers smaller in size, reliable
and efficient.
• High-level language is used during this generation.

11. The main features of Third Generation are:
• IC used
• More reliable and Faster
• Smaller size
• Generate less heat
• Lesser maintenance
• Still costly
• A.C. needed
• Consumed lesser electricity
• Support high-level language

12. Fourth Generation 1971-1980
• The fourth generation of computers is marked by the use
of Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits.
• All the higher level languages like C and C++, DBASE,
etc., were used in this generation.

13. The main features of Fourth Generation are:
• VLSI technology used
• Very cheap ,portable and
reliable
• No A.C. needed
• Concept of networking and
internet was introduced

14. Fifth Generation (1918-tilldate)
• The period of Fifth Generation is In the fifth
generation, the VLSI technology became ULSI
(Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology,
resulting in the production of microprocessor
chips having ten million electronic components.
• This generation is based on parallel processing
hardware and AI (Artificial Intelligence)
software.

15. AI includes:
• Robotics
• Neural networks
• Gaming
• Development of expert systems to make
decisions in real life situations.
• Natural language understanding and
generation.

16. The main features of Fifth Generation are:
• ULSI technology
• Development of true artificial
intelligence
• Development of Natural language
processing
• More user friendly interfaces with
multimedia features
• Availability of very powerful and
compact computers at cheaper rates

18. Desktop Computer
• A desktop computer is a personal
computer that fits on or under a desk. They
usually consist of a monitor, keyboard, mouse
and either a horizontal or vertical(tower) form
factor. Unlike a laptop, which is portable, a
desktop computer is meant to stay at one
location.

19. Laptop Computer
• A laptop, often called a notebook or "notebook
computer", is a small, portable personal
computer
• Laptops are folded shut for transportation, and
thus are suitable for mobile use.

20. Tablet Computer
• A tablet is a wireless, portable personal
computer with a touchscreen interface. The
tablet form factor is typically smaller than a
notebook computer, but larger than
a smartphone.

21. Smart Phone
• A smartphone is a cellular telephone with an
integrated computer and other features not
originally associated with telephones, such as
an operating system, Web browsing and the
ability to run software applications.
• The first smartphone was IBM's Simon,

22. Mainframe
• Large expensive
computer capable of
simultaneously
processing data for
hundreds or thousands
of users.
• Used to store, manage,
and process large
amounts of data that
need to be reliable,
secure, and centralized.
• Usually housed in a
closet sized cabinet.

23. Workstation
• Powerful desktop computer designed for
specialized tasks.
• Can tackle tasks that require a lot of processing
speed.

24. Handheld
• Also called a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant).
• A computer that fits into a pocket, runs on batteries, and is
used while holding the unit in your hand.
• Typically used as an appointment book, address book,
calculator, and notepad.
• Can be synchronized with a personal microcomputer as a
backup.

25. Supercomputer
• A computer that was the fastest in the world at
the time it was constructed.
• Can tackle tasks that would not be practical for
other computers.
 Typical uses
• Breaking codes
• Modeling weather systems

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