Chronic diseases are a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Developing countries are experiencing a rapid rise in chronic diseases due to successful control of infectious diseases, the spread of smoking, and urbanization leading to less exercise and less healthy diets. Over the next 10 years in India, over 60 million people will die from chronic diseases such as heart disease and diabetes. This rise in chronic diseases will have a significant economic impact and burden on healthcare systems. Lifestyle changes such as avoiding tobacco, maintaining a healthy weight and diet, and regular exercise can prevent the majority of chronic diseases.

1. BY: - AYUSH KESHAV SINGHAL
IPGMER &SSKM HOSPITAL

2. Chronic diseases are the major cause of
death and disability worldwide

3. Chronic diseases in Developing
countries
In India, chronic diseases
are accountable for 53% of
all deaths as compared to
36% for communicable
diseases.
In Bangladesh, the time
period 1986-2006 shows a
350% increase in deaths
from cardiovascular and
cerebrovascular disease, and
495% increase in cancer.

4. WHO Projection over the next 10
years in India
Over 60 million people
will die from a chronic
disease.
Deaths from
infectious
diseases, maternal
and perinatal
conditions will
decrease by 15%.
Deaths from
chronic diseases
will increase by
18%.. Most
markedly, deaths
from diabetes
mellitus will
increase by 35%.

5. Why such a Rapid rise?
Successful control
of infectious
diseases
Spread of smoking
(increases 1.5%
every year, almost
exclusively in
developing
countries)
Urbanization: Less
exercise, less
healthy diets and
junk food,
increased exposure
to toxic agents like
pollution,
industrial wastes.

6. Economic Impact
More than ¾ of chronic disease
disability in low and middle-income
countries affect those in
the age group 15-69, the prime age
for economic productivity.
Premature deaths due to heart
disease, stroke and diabetes have
caused a loss of 9 billion dollars in
national income in 2005, and a net
237 billion over the next 10 years.

7. The Effect
The changes in conditions
can affect a family in as
little as a generation.
Research indicates that fetuses and
infants whose bodies are
malnourished develop bodies that are
adjusted to the nutritional shortfall.
Result: More susceptibility of
developing obesity if over nutrition
occurs.

8. Predisposing Factors for Chronic
diseases
Raised body mass index (Overweight and Obesity)

9. Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a group of common
metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of
hyperglycemia.
In the United States, DM is the leading cause of end-stage
renal disease (ESRD), nontraumatic lower extremity
amputations, and adult blindness.
It also predisposes to cardiovascular diseases.
With an increasing incidence worldwide, DM will be a
leading cause of morbidity and mortality for the foreseeable
future.

11. Hypertension is one of the leading causes of
the global burden of disease.

12. Approximately 7.6 million deaths (13–15% of the total)
and 92 million disability-adjusted life years worldwide
were attributable to high blood pressure in 2001.
Hypertension doubles the risk of cardiovascular diseases,
including coronary heart disease (CHD), congestive heart
failure (CHF), ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, renal
failure, and peripheral arterial disease.

13. Asthma is a syndrome characterized by airflow
obstruction that varies markedly, both
spontaneously and with treatment.
The prevalence of atopy and other allergic
diseases has also increased over the same
time, suggesting that the reasons for the
increase are likely to be systemic rather than
confined to the lungs.

14. Asthma is one of the most common chronic
diseases globally and currently affects
approximately 300 million people worldwide.
The prevalence of asthma has risen in
affluent countries over the last 30 years but
now appears to have stabilized, with
approximately 10–12% of adults and 15% of
children affected by the disease.
In developing countries where the
prevalence of asthma had been much lower,
there is a rising prevalence, which is
associated with increased urbanization.

15. Coronary heart
disease (CHD) is a
narrowing of the
small blood vessels
that supply blood and
oxygen to the heart.
CHD is also called
coronary artery
disease
Coronary heart
disease is caused by
the buildup of plaque
in the arteries to your
heart. This may also
be called hardening
of the arteries .
Fatty material and
other substances
form a plaque build-up
on the walls of
your coronary
arteries. The coronary
arteries bring blood
and oxygen to your
heart.
This buildup causes
the arteries to get
narrow.
As a result, blood
flow to the heart can
slow down or stop.

16. Diabetes is
a strong
risk factor
for heart
disease.
High blood
pressure
increases
your risks
of heart
disease and
heart
failure.
Extra
cholesterol
in your
blood
builds up
inside the
walls of
your heart's
arteries
(blood
vessels).
Smokers
have a
much
higher risk
of heart
disease.
Chronic
kidney
disease can
increase
your risk.
People
with
narrowed
arteries in
another
part of the
body
(examples
are stroke
and poor
blood flow
to the legs)
are more
likely to
have heart
disease.
Substance
abuse
(such as
cocaine)
Being
overweight
Not getting
enough
exercise,
and feeling
depressed
or having
excess
stress are
other risk
factors.

17. Metabolic syndrome is a name for a group of
risk factors that occur together and increase
the risk for coronary artery disease , stroke ,
and type 2 diabetes .
Metabolic syndrome is
becoming more and more
common in the United States.
Researchers are not sure
whether the syndrome is due
to one single cause, but all of
the risks for the syndrome are
related to obesity.

18. The two most
important risk
factors for
metabolic
syndrome are:
Extra weight
around the middle
and upper parts of
the body (central
obesity ). The body
may be described
as "apple-shaped."
Insulin resistance,
in which the body
cannot use insulin
effectively. Insulin
is needed to help
control the
amount of sugar in
the body. As a
result, blood sugar
and fat levels rise.

19. Other risk
factors include:
Aging
Lack of exercise
Peole who have metabolic syndrome often
have two other problems that can either
cause the condition or make it worse:
Excess blood clotting
Low levels of inflammation throughout the body

20. Emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD) involving
damage to the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs.

21. The most
common
cause is
smoking .
# Germany
:2,211 deaths
Projected
deaths
worldwide
are as follows
# 1 United
States: 16,700
deaths
# 2 Japan:
7,491 deaths
# 3 Brazil:
4,747 deaths
# India : 1,211
deaths
#Mexico
:2,238 deaths
#South Africa
:2,301 deaths

22. Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of
abnormal cells in the body. Cancerous cells
are also called malignant cells
Benzene and other chemicals
Drinking excess alcohol
Environmental toxins, such as certain
poisonous mushrooms and a type of poison
that can grow on peanut plants (aflatoxins)
Obesity

23. Lifestyle changes in chronic disease
prevention
Avoid tobacco use.
Maintain a healthy weight.
Maintain daily physical activity.
Limit television watching.
Eat a healthy diet.
Proper standard of living
80% of premature heart disease, stroke and Type II
DM, and 40% of cancers can be prevented such!
The present condition demands an urgency.People
need to take a step ahead themselves and prevent
the disease to encroach upon them..

25. Smoking has
effects on a
healthy
person that
are
devastating.
Smoking
increases your
cholesterol
levels, and
constricts
blood vessels
Smoking will
increase your
number of colds
and respiratory
infections, and
diabetics will
experience an
increased
frequency of
nerve and kidney
disease, as well as
an increased risk
for limited joint
mobility.
Smoking
increases your
blood sugar level
and blood
pressure, and can
lead to
impotence.
Smoking can
directly increase
your risk of heart
attack or stroke.

27. The increase in consumption of alcohol in all ages
requires immediate attention !!!!!!

29. Mc Donalds ,
Dominos , Pizza
Hut have lured the
youth…..The future
of tomorrow has to
boycott it !!!!

30. We need to switch to Smart
eating!
Replace saturated and trans fats with unsaturated fats and omega-3 fat
sources.
More fruits, vegetables and adequate folic acid intake.
Consume cereal products in their whole-grain, high-fiber form.
Limit sugar and sugar-based beverages.
Limit sodium intake.
Limit excessive caloric intake from any source.

32. In latest is the hookah !!!!!
The increasing craze among the common people to
go in for Hookah smoking has become a cause of
worry.
It is considered to be voguish to smoke Hukkah,
despite the fact that there are tremendous health
risks associated with its use.