The document discusses several GEF policies that were approved or updated during the GEF-6 period, including the GEF Programmatic Approach, Project Cancellation Policy, Co-financing Policy, Non-Grant Instrument Policy, Gender Mainstreaming Policy, and Public Involvement Policy. It provides details on the objectives and key aspects of each policy, such as establishing a program framework document and commitment deadline for the programmatic approach, the phased cancellation of projects that are delayed, and defining co-financing for GEF projects. It also describes the GEF-6 Non-Grant Instrument Pilot that aims to leverage private capital and test non-grant instruments for public sectors.
This document provides an overview of project implementation, financial management, and supervision. It discusses guiding principles, objectives, outcomes, roles and responsibilities of different parties. Key points include increasing understanding of implementation roles, maximizing project impact for rural poor, providing resources and guidance to support roles, and ensuring excellent fiduciary standards correlate with implementation progress and results. IFAD's supervision policies aim to strengthen dialogue, address priorities, create a learning loop between design and implementation, and enhance development effectiveness and impact.
This document discusses strengthening public investment management. It notes there are varying definitions of public investment across countries. There is renewed global attention on ensuring efficiency of public spending in light of fiscal stimulus plans and uncertain growth. However, increased government investment does not always translate to productive assets due to issues like project delays. Proper public investment management is complex due to factors such as localized benefits, multi-year timelines, and involvement of both public and private sectors. Reform requires a tailored strategy that strengthens key steps in the project cycle in a carefully sequenced manner, while balancing improved appraisal and implementation. The World Bank's agenda aims to provide analytics, tools, policy dialogue and operational assistance to support better public investment management.
The document discusses public-private partnerships (PPPs), including:
1) PPPs involve long-term contracts between private and public entities, where the private entity provides an asset/service and bears risk, while payment is linked to performance.
2) PPPs can improve efficiency, innovation, and access to financing, but involve high transaction costs, require steady income streams, and balancing risk/control is challenging.
3) Risks should be allocated to the party best able to control, impact, and absorb each risk at lowest cost. Typical PPP structures involve a special purpose vehicle contracting with the government.
Public investment management (PIM) is needed to ensure projects are selected based on public benefit and implemented efficiently and effectively. PIM provides oversight of projects to make sure they align with national strategies and goals. It also requires thorough economic and financial studies of projects before selection to reduce risks and biases. The project implementation stage must be flexible to changes in plans while controlling costs and delays. A full project cycle includes idea development, pre-evaluation, evaluation, pre-execution, execution, and post-implementation evaluation to assess outcomes versus expectations and learn lessons to apply to future projects.
This document discusses using a commodity lens to inform investment cases for the Global Financing Facility (GFF). It summarizes efforts to increase access to reproductive health commodities and identifies bottlenecks. Global initiatives like the UN Commission on Life Saving Commodities and the Implant Access Program have increased availability but country data shows gaps remain. Dashboards are presented to rate countries on commodity indicators and identify weak areas like guidelines, stockouts, training and data collection. Analyzing commodity pathways can help strengthen health systems and inform priority actions in national plans to further expand access and coverage of maternal, newborn and child health commodities.
Presentation titled, 'Improving Public Investment Management in the Caribbean,' delivered by Dr. Wendell Samuel, CARTAC Center Coordinator at the Conference, 'Project Cycle Management Conference - A Cornerstone of Implementation and Delivery,' September 2019 in St. George's Grenada.
This document provides an overview of project implementation, financial management, and supervision. It discusses guiding principles, objectives, outcomes, roles and responsibilities of different parties. Key points include increasing understanding of implementation roles, maximizing project impact for rural poor, providing resources and guidance to support roles, and ensuring excellent fiduciary standards correlate with implementation progress and results. IFAD's supervision policies aim to strengthen dialogue, address priorities, create a learning loop between design and implementation, and enhance development effectiveness and impact.
This document discusses strengthening public investment management. It notes there are varying definitions of public investment across countries. There is renewed global attention on ensuring efficiency of public spending in light of fiscal stimulus plans and uncertain growth. However, increased government investment does not always translate to productive assets due to issues like project delays. Proper public investment management is complex due to factors such as localized benefits, multi-year timelines, and involvement of both public and private sectors. Reform requires a tailored strategy that strengthens key steps in the project cycle in a carefully sequenced manner, while balancing improved appraisal and implementation. The World Bank's agenda aims to provide analytics, tools, policy dialogue and operational assistance to support better public investment management.
The document discusses public-private partnerships (PPPs), including:
1) PPPs involve long-term contracts between private and public entities, where the private entity provides an asset/service and bears risk, while payment is linked to performance.
2) PPPs can improve efficiency, innovation, and access to financing, but involve high transaction costs, require steady income streams, and balancing risk/control is challenging.
3) Risks should be allocated to the party best able to control, impact, and absorb each risk at lowest cost. Typical PPP structures involve a special purpose vehicle contracting with the government.
Public investment management (PIM) is needed to ensure projects are selected based on public benefit and implemented efficiently and effectively. PIM provides oversight of projects to make sure they align with national strategies and goals. It also requires thorough economic and financial studies of projects before selection to reduce risks and biases. The project implementation stage must be flexible to changes in plans while controlling costs and delays. A full project cycle includes idea development, pre-evaluation, evaluation, pre-execution, execution, and post-implementation evaluation to assess outcomes versus expectations and learn lessons to apply to future projects.
This document discusses using a commodity lens to inform investment cases for the Global Financing Facility (GFF). It summarizes efforts to increase access to reproductive health commodities and identifies bottlenecks. Global initiatives like the UN Commission on Life Saving Commodities and the Implant Access Program have increased availability but country data shows gaps remain. Dashboards are presented to rate countries on commodity indicators and identify weak areas like guidelines, stockouts, training and data collection. Analyzing commodity pathways can help strengthen health systems and inform priority actions in national plans to further expand access and coverage of maternal, newborn and child health commodities.
Presentation titled, 'Improving Public Investment Management in the Caribbean,' delivered by Dr. Wendell Samuel, CARTAC Center Coordinator at the Conference, 'Project Cycle Management Conference - A Cornerstone of Implementation and Delivery,' September 2019 in St. George's Grenada.
From the medium term fiscal frameworkto ministries' ceilingsJean-Marc Lepain
This document discusses the methodology for constructing medium-term expenditure ceilings and allocating budgets to ministries in Brunei. It begins by explaining the purpose of medium-term ceilings, which is to link fiscal and sectoral policies, prioritize spending, and conduct fiscal adjustments in an orderly manner. It then covers the methodology, including setting aggregate and sectoral fiscal targets, disaggregating budgets to ministries, and addressing issues like time horizons, coverage, and managing uncertainty. The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of understanding baselines versus ceilings and the demands this system places on both ministries and the Ministry of Finance.
Cambodia: Education Sector; A Short Fiscal AssessmentJean-Marc Lepain
The education sector in Cambodia has made progress but faces ongoing challenges. Enrollment has increased at primary and tertiary levels, and teacher qualifications have improved. However, education spending remains low, class sizes are still very large, dropout and repetition rates are high, and textbook provision is insufficient. Improving the education system will require increasing spending, training more teachers, expanding early education, reducing family costs, and improving performance incentives. While decentralization efforts have helped, school budgets are not always well-matched to needs between rural and urban areas. Addressing structural issues like these will require mobilizing more resources to close financing gaps.
PFM is concerned with how governments secure and use resources effectively through laws, organizations, systems and procedures. While PFM focuses on expenditure management and public budgeting, it also encompasses taxation, borrowing, debt management, and other areas of public sector governance. Good PFM systems contribute to macroeconomic stability, aligning resources with priorities, efficiency, and transparency and accountability. Key challenges to PFM reform include informal rules dominating over formal processes and a focus on technical solutions rather than strengthening institutions.
Fiscal decentralisation and health sector financing formulae (lao pdr)Jean-Marc Lepain
This document discusses options for developing a health sector financing formula to accompany fiscal decentralization reforms in Laos. It reviews 6 potential approaches and recommends an interim formula based on non-wage expenditures and health worker numbers. This interim formula would be developed over 1-2 years into a full health financing formula incorporating incentives and program-level funding once additional health policy issues are addressed. The formula aims to equalize funding while ensuring sufficient budgets for service delivery across diverse regions.
The PEFA Program is a framework for assessing public financial management systems. It was established in 2001 by seven agencies to promote results-oriented development of PFM systems and harmonization of PFM analytical work. The PEFA Framework provides a standard set of 31 performance indicators to measure six dimensions of PFM systems, including budget credibility, comprehensiveness and transparency. Over 220 assessments have been completed in over 120 countries. Results are used to prioritize PFM reforms and measure progress over time. The PEFA Secretariat supports the framework as a neutral body through quality reviews, training, and promoting harmonization of PFM assessments.
1. The new funding model from the Global Fund introduces several key changes to improve its processes and impact.
2. These include more stringent CCM eligibility requirements to ensure transparency and accountability. Concept notes will now need to be developed through an inclusive country dialogue process.
3. Additional changes involve splitting funds between diseases and health systems, capturing additional government investments, aligning with national strategic plans, and optimizing the timing of concept note submission and funding access.
The document provides an overview of key changes to the Global Fund's funding model, with an emphasis on the importance of country dialogue. Some of the main points covered include:
1. CCM eligibility requirements have been strengthened, including requirements for representation from key populations and management of conflicts of interest.
2. The timing of concept note submission is more flexible but must align with one of the TRP/GAC review windows. Grants can be extrapolated beyond national strategic plans.
3. Inclusive country dialogue is critical for developing high-quality concept notes and funding requests. A variety of tools and templates are available to support country dialogue.
This document outlines the agenda and key topics for a breakout session on mapping the developer and CfD lifecycles for onshore wind projects over 50MW. The agenda covers introducing the developer lifecycle, pre-development, development, financing, construction and commissioning stages. It also discusses how CfD policy relates to the different stages, including issues like strike price visibility, budget allocation, application processes, and potential allocation mechanisms like first-come-first-served and constrained allocation rounds. Feedback from developers is sought on how well CfD policy maps to the onshore wind lifecycle.
Framework for Analyzing Public Investment Managementicgfmconference
This document presents a framework for analyzing public investment management. It outlines eight core features that a well-functioning public investment system should have: 1) investment guidance and screening, 2) formal project appraisal, 3) independent review of appraisals, 4) project selection and budgeting, 5) project implementation, 6) project adjustment, 7) facility operation, and 8) ex-post evaluation. It then provides diagnostic indicators to assess where a country's actual public investment system performs well or poorly compared to the desirable features. The framework aims to inform reforms by identifying performance gaps between desired features and reality.
The document summarizes a review of progress made in implementing commitments under the International Health Partnership (IHP+), including:
1) Partners have taken initial actions towards IHP+ goals but it is too early to assess long-term impacts. Coordination is increasing but cooperation and collaboration need more work.
2) Country compacts are being developed but need to balance specificity and inclusiveness. Financing expectations may not be met given challenges in increasing funding.
3) Institutional reforms are needed within partner organizations to change incentives and empower staff to work differently. Civil society engagement also needs strengthening.
This document provides an agenda and discussion points for a breakout session on mapping the developer and CfD lifecycles for biomass conversions. The agenda covers introducing the developer lifecycle by technology, and discussing various stages including pre-development, development, financing, construction and commissioning. Key issues around the CfD policy at each stage are also outlined, such as strike price visibility, budget allocation, eligibility criteria, and conditions for payment start dates. Attendees are asked for feedback on ensuring the CfD policy logically maps to the developer lifecycle for biomass conversions and other technologies.
The document provides an overview of the new funding model principles of the Global Fund. It discusses how the new model differs from the previous model by taking a more active role in portfolio management and country engagement. It also outlines the new funding model cycle and key aspects like country allocation, incentive funding, and unfunded quality demand. The document emphasizes the importance of inclusive country dialogue and meaningful engagement with key populations and other stakeholders in developing robust national strategic plans and concept notes.
This document outlines the agenda and key topics for a breakout session on offshore wind. It discusses mapping the developer and CfD lifecycles, including the stages of pre-development, development, financing, and construction and commissioning. It seeks feedback on how well the CfD policy maps to the different stages of the developer lifecycle for offshore wind. Key CfD issues like strike price visibility, budget allocation, and meeting milestones are examined through each stage of the lifecycle.
This session will cover principles of blended finance, which will enable participants to understand a variety of financing options for their project concepts. This session will also focus on how blended finance projects are typically structured. Participants will be able to identify different financing instruments that could potentially be mobilized to fund a project to ensure efficiency and sustainability.
o OBJECTIVE 1: Participants will understand the type and characteristics of different funding instruments and their benefit-cost requirements
o OBJECTIVE 2: Participants will demonstrate how each instrument can be utilized to address specific risks of a particular project.
Principles of budgetary governance - Ronnie Downes, OECDOECD Governance
This presentation was made by Ronnie Downes, OECD, at the 10th OECD-Asian Senior Budget Officials Annual Meeting held in Bangkok, Thailand, on 18-19 December 2014.
Lecture on the basics of project finance and risk management as part of the continuing professional development program of the Philippine Mineral Reporting Code Committee on the "Elements of Mining Feasibility Study"
#Managing Project Financial Auditing# By SN PanigrahiSN Panigrahi, PMP
Project Financial Management is a process which brings together planning, budgeting, accounting, financial reporting, internal control, auditing, procurement, disbursement and the physical performance of the project with the aim of managing project resources properly and achieving the project's objectives.
Project auditing can be defined as the process of detailed inspection of the management of a project, its methodology, its techniques, its procedures, its documents, its properties, its budgets, its expenses and its level of completion. A project audit is a key step in the process of closing a project.
From Strategy to Practice: The Tonle Sap InitiativeOlivier Serrat
Consumptive use of the Tonle Sap's natural capital is intense. The Tonle Sap Basin Strategy promotes an approach that conserves nature and offers the promise of sustainable development. Informed by principles that fix attention to sustainable livelihoods, social justice, and a basin-wide approach, the development objectives are to foster, promote, and facilitate pro-poor, sustainable economic growth; access to assets; and management of natural resources and the environment.
The document provides a preliminary evaluation of Bangladesh's Aid Effectiveness Project, finding that while the project has experienced delays and inefficiencies, important milestones have been achieved including developing an aid management information system (AIMS), conducting capacity assessments, and drafting an aid policy outline. The evaluation rates the project's effectiveness positively but notes the long-term nature of aid effectiveness requires sustained commitment beyond the life of the project.
Este documento analiza la relevancia de la escuela de pensamiento económico conocida como fisiocracia en los enfoques modernos de la Economía de Recursos Naturales y la Economía Ecológica. Introduce brevemente la visión fisiocrática del sistema económico, centrada en la agricultura y el concepto de producto neto. Explica luego cómo los economistas clásicos abandonaron el enfoque físico de los fisiócratas en favor de uno basado en valores monetarios y de cambio. Finalmente, el documento examinará
Esta documento describe las ventajas de tener una presencia en Internet para un negocio. Explica que Internet permite que un negocio esté disponible las 24 horas del día los 7 días de la semana y llegue a un mercado global mucho más grande. También destaca que tener una página web mejora la comunicación con los clientes, aumenta la productividad, y abre nuevas oportunidades comerciales. El documento concluye resaltando que la presencia en Internet funciona como un factor diferencial frente a la competencia.
From the medium term fiscal frameworkto ministries' ceilingsJean-Marc Lepain
This document discusses the methodology for constructing medium-term expenditure ceilings and allocating budgets to ministries in Brunei. It begins by explaining the purpose of medium-term ceilings, which is to link fiscal and sectoral policies, prioritize spending, and conduct fiscal adjustments in an orderly manner. It then covers the methodology, including setting aggregate and sectoral fiscal targets, disaggregating budgets to ministries, and addressing issues like time horizons, coverage, and managing uncertainty. The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of understanding baselines versus ceilings and the demands this system places on both ministries and the Ministry of Finance.
Cambodia: Education Sector; A Short Fiscal AssessmentJean-Marc Lepain
The education sector in Cambodia has made progress but faces ongoing challenges. Enrollment has increased at primary and tertiary levels, and teacher qualifications have improved. However, education spending remains low, class sizes are still very large, dropout and repetition rates are high, and textbook provision is insufficient. Improving the education system will require increasing spending, training more teachers, expanding early education, reducing family costs, and improving performance incentives. While decentralization efforts have helped, school budgets are not always well-matched to needs between rural and urban areas. Addressing structural issues like these will require mobilizing more resources to close financing gaps.
PFM is concerned with how governments secure and use resources effectively through laws, organizations, systems and procedures. While PFM focuses on expenditure management and public budgeting, it also encompasses taxation, borrowing, debt management, and other areas of public sector governance. Good PFM systems contribute to macroeconomic stability, aligning resources with priorities, efficiency, and transparency and accountability. Key challenges to PFM reform include informal rules dominating over formal processes and a focus on technical solutions rather than strengthening institutions.
Fiscal decentralisation and health sector financing formulae (lao pdr)Jean-Marc Lepain
This document discusses options for developing a health sector financing formula to accompany fiscal decentralization reforms in Laos. It reviews 6 potential approaches and recommends an interim formula based on non-wage expenditures and health worker numbers. This interim formula would be developed over 1-2 years into a full health financing formula incorporating incentives and program-level funding once additional health policy issues are addressed. The formula aims to equalize funding while ensuring sufficient budgets for service delivery across diverse regions.
The PEFA Program is a framework for assessing public financial management systems. It was established in 2001 by seven agencies to promote results-oriented development of PFM systems and harmonization of PFM analytical work. The PEFA Framework provides a standard set of 31 performance indicators to measure six dimensions of PFM systems, including budget credibility, comprehensiveness and transparency. Over 220 assessments have been completed in over 120 countries. Results are used to prioritize PFM reforms and measure progress over time. The PEFA Secretariat supports the framework as a neutral body through quality reviews, training, and promoting harmonization of PFM assessments.
1. The new funding model from the Global Fund introduces several key changes to improve its processes and impact.
2. These include more stringent CCM eligibility requirements to ensure transparency and accountability. Concept notes will now need to be developed through an inclusive country dialogue process.
3. Additional changes involve splitting funds between diseases and health systems, capturing additional government investments, aligning with national strategic plans, and optimizing the timing of concept note submission and funding access.
The document provides an overview of key changes to the Global Fund's funding model, with an emphasis on the importance of country dialogue. Some of the main points covered include:
1. CCM eligibility requirements have been strengthened, including requirements for representation from key populations and management of conflicts of interest.
2. The timing of concept note submission is more flexible but must align with one of the TRP/GAC review windows. Grants can be extrapolated beyond national strategic plans.
3. Inclusive country dialogue is critical for developing high-quality concept notes and funding requests. A variety of tools and templates are available to support country dialogue.
This document outlines the agenda and key topics for a breakout session on mapping the developer and CfD lifecycles for onshore wind projects over 50MW. The agenda covers introducing the developer lifecycle, pre-development, development, financing, construction and commissioning stages. It also discusses how CfD policy relates to the different stages, including issues like strike price visibility, budget allocation, application processes, and potential allocation mechanisms like first-come-first-served and constrained allocation rounds. Feedback from developers is sought on how well CfD policy maps to the onshore wind lifecycle.
Framework for Analyzing Public Investment Managementicgfmconference
This document presents a framework for analyzing public investment management. It outlines eight core features that a well-functioning public investment system should have: 1) investment guidance and screening, 2) formal project appraisal, 3) independent review of appraisals, 4) project selection and budgeting, 5) project implementation, 6) project adjustment, 7) facility operation, and 8) ex-post evaluation. It then provides diagnostic indicators to assess where a country's actual public investment system performs well or poorly compared to the desirable features. The framework aims to inform reforms by identifying performance gaps between desired features and reality.
The document summarizes a review of progress made in implementing commitments under the International Health Partnership (IHP+), including:
1) Partners have taken initial actions towards IHP+ goals but it is too early to assess long-term impacts. Coordination is increasing but cooperation and collaboration need more work.
2) Country compacts are being developed but need to balance specificity and inclusiveness. Financing expectations may not be met given challenges in increasing funding.
3) Institutional reforms are needed within partner organizations to change incentives and empower staff to work differently. Civil society engagement also needs strengthening.
This document provides an agenda and discussion points for a breakout session on mapping the developer and CfD lifecycles for biomass conversions. The agenda covers introducing the developer lifecycle by technology, and discussing various stages including pre-development, development, financing, construction and commissioning. Key issues around the CfD policy at each stage are also outlined, such as strike price visibility, budget allocation, eligibility criteria, and conditions for payment start dates. Attendees are asked for feedback on ensuring the CfD policy logically maps to the developer lifecycle for biomass conversions and other technologies.
The document provides an overview of the new funding model principles of the Global Fund. It discusses how the new model differs from the previous model by taking a more active role in portfolio management and country engagement. It also outlines the new funding model cycle and key aspects like country allocation, incentive funding, and unfunded quality demand. The document emphasizes the importance of inclusive country dialogue and meaningful engagement with key populations and other stakeholders in developing robust national strategic plans and concept notes.
This document outlines the agenda and key topics for a breakout session on offshore wind. It discusses mapping the developer and CfD lifecycles, including the stages of pre-development, development, financing, and construction and commissioning. It seeks feedback on how well the CfD policy maps to the different stages of the developer lifecycle for offshore wind. Key CfD issues like strike price visibility, budget allocation, and meeting milestones are examined through each stage of the lifecycle.
This session will cover principles of blended finance, which will enable participants to understand a variety of financing options for their project concepts. This session will also focus on how blended finance projects are typically structured. Participants will be able to identify different financing instruments that could potentially be mobilized to fund a project to ensure efficiency and sustainability.
o OBJECTIVE 1: Participants will understand the type and characteristics of different funding instruments and their benefit-cost requirements
o OBJECTIVE 2: Participants will demonstrate how each instrument can be utilized to address specific risks of a particular project.
Principles of budgetary governance - Ronnie Downes, OECDOECD Governance
This presentation was made by Ronnie Downes, OECD, at the 10th OECD-Asian Senior Budget Officials Annual Meeting held in Bangkok, Thailand, on 18-19 December 2014.
Lecture on the basics of project finance and risk management as part of the continuing professional development program of the Philippine Mineral Reporting Code Committee on the "Elements of Mining Feasibility Study"
#Managing Project Financial Auditing# By SN PanigrahiSN Panigrahi, PMP
Project Financial Management is a process which brings together planning, budgeting, accounting, financial reporting, internal control, auditing, procurement, disbursement and the physical performance of the project with the aim of managing project resources properly and achieving the project's objectives.
Project auditing can be defined as the process of detailed inspection of the management of a project, its methodology, its techniques, its procedures, its documents, its properties, its budgets, its expenses and its level of completion. A project audit is a key step in the process of closing a project.
From Strategy to Practice: The Tonle Sap InitiativeOlivier Serrat
Consumptive use of the Tonle Sap's natural capital is intense. The Tonle Sap Basin Strategy promotes an approach that conserves nature and offers the promise of sustainable development. Informed by principles that fix attention to sustainable livelihoods, social justice, and a basin-wide approach, the development objectives are to foster, promote, and facilitate pro-poor, sustainable economic growth; access to assets; and management of natural resources and the environment.
The document provides a preliminary evaluation of Bangladesh's Aid Effectiveness Project, finding that while the project has experienced delays and inefficiencies, important milestones have been achieved including developing an aid management information system (AIMS), conducting capacity assessments, and drafting an aid policy outline. The evaluation rates the project's effectiveness positively but notes the long-term nature of aid effectiveness requires sustained commitment beyond the life of the project.
Este documento analiza la relevancia de la escuela de pensamiento económico conocida como fisiocracia en los enfoques modernos de la Economía de Recursos Naturales y la Economía Ecológica. Introduce brevemente la visión fisiocrática del sistema económico, centrada en la agricultura y el concepto de producto neto. Explica luego cómo los economistas clásicos abandonaron el enfoque físico de los fisiócratas en favor de uno basado en valores monetarios y de cambio. Finalmente, el documento examinará
Esta documento describe las ventajas de tener una presencia en Internet para un negocio. Explica que Internet permite que un negocio esté disponible las 24 horas del día los 7 días de la semana y llegue a un mercado global mucho más grande. También destaca que tener una página web mejora la comunicación con los clientes, aumenta la productividad, y abre nuevas oportunidades comerciales. El documento concluye resaltando que la presencia en Internet funciona como un factor diferencial frente a la competencia.
Enrique Fárez es el presidente de Grupo ICC SL y responsable de la internacionalización de MMI Media Monitor Internacional y Digital de Avisos SL. También dirige la internacionalización de dos empresas emergentes, Subbabel y Sunchun. Ha participado en varios programas de internacionalización de empresas y proyectos de cooperación transfronteriza. Además, es autor del libro "Empresas de Éxito en Canarias. Vol. 1: 50 casos de Gran Canaria".
This document introduces MPEG-M (MPEG Extensible Middleware), which defines a set of APIs that provide simple access to complex MPEG technologies. MPEG-M aims to accelerate media application development by hiding the complexity of MPEG standards behind these APIs. It establishes a common middleware layer that allows applications to easily use various MPEG engines without needing deep knowledge of the standards. The MPEG-M standard also enables applications and engines to be developed and updated independently by different parties.
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Este documento discute las enseñanzas bíblicas sobre el sexo y el matrimonio. Argumenta que Dios diseñó el sexo para ocurrir sólo dentro del matrimonio heterosexual y que la fornicación y el adulterio son pecaminosos. También enfatiza la importancia de la pureza física en el noviazgo cristiano y evitar actitudes y conductas sexuales inapropiadas fuera del matrimonio.
Tolerancia a fallos y la TVDI - Josemar Rodrigues de SouzaRed Auti
El documento presenta los conceptos de tolerancia a fallos para sistemas de televisión digital. Explica que los sistemas de TV digital son cada vez más grandes y complejos, lo que aumenta la probabilidad de fallos. La tolerancia a fallos busca garantizar que el trabajo se complete correctamente a pesar de fallos mediante redundancia y detección y recuperación de fallos. El objetivo es minimizar la pérdida de trabajo cuando ocurren fallos sin necesidad de reiniciar el sistema. Finalmente, señala que debido a la diversidad de factores en un sistema de TV
Este documento describe un curso de experto en auditoría de cuentas y contabilidad impartido por la Universidad de Oviedo. El curso tiene una duración de 6 meses y proporciona formación práctica en contabilidad financiera, auditoría de cuentas y normas internacionales de información financiera. Los alumnos que aprueben el curso obtendrán un diploma de experto en auditoría de cuentas homologado y quedarán exentos del examen teórico para el registro oficial de auditores de cuentas.
Este documento presenta una empresa dedicada a la venta de artículos escolares y de oficina. La empresa se compromete a satisfacer las necesidades de sus clientes, como escuelas y negocios, mediante la provisión de productos de calidad a precios competitivos y con entrega inmediata. Su visión es ser reconocida por su servicio express de alta calidad y convertirse en líder del mercado de artículos de oficina y papelería a largo plazo.
This document describes various types of materials testing machines provided by Jinan Testing Equipment IE Corporation. It outlines electromechanical and hydraulic universal testing machines that can test metals and non-metals with load capacities ranging from 1kN to 3000kN. Impact testing machines that conform to industry standards are described for testing metals and non-metals. Additional sections outline compression testing machines, hardness testers, static and dynamic testing machines, torsion testing machines, and horizontal testing machines. The document provides an overview of the company's wide range of materials testing equipment for applications like quality control and research and development.
BUZ DG is the leading social media marketing consultancy in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It is a division of BUZ Management and Marketing Consultancy that excels in Marketing Consulting
Using Email To Engage Users & Drive Product Innovation - A Ziff Davis Enterpr...WhatCounts, Inc.
The marketing and advertising industries are changing dramatically. One trend you will notice is how content marketing is evolving and becoming more and more engagement based. In this webinar, learn from leading IT-related magazine publisher, Ziff Davis Enterprise, on how their email program is changing engagement marketing. Peter Westerman, Ziff Davis Enterprise's SVP of Audience Marketing, will take you through all the best practices and steps they took to create quality content for their highly engaging and successful email programs.
Strategy for digital welfare 2013-2020 - Suzanne Duus, DenmarkOECD Governance
This presentation was made by Suzanne Duus, Denmark, at the 4th meeting of the Joint DELSA/GOV-SBO Network on Fiscal Sustainability of Health Systems, held in Paris on 16-17 February 2015.
Fundación Tierra de hombres-España (Tdh - Ayuda a la infancia) es una organización que trabaja en defensa de los Derechos de la Infancia. Fue creada en 1994 como parte del Movimiento Internacional Terre
des hommes, fundado en 1960 en Lausanne, Suiza. Fundación Tierra de hombres desarrolla, desde su nacimiento, proyectos de cooperación internacional, en colaboración, siempre que es posible con organizaciones locales.
The Weichert Princeton Office September Training CalendarWeichert Realtors
The document contains a calendar listing various real estate related events taking place on different dates, including open houses, sales meetings, training seminars, and manager meetings. It also includes a checklist of priority items for associates to complete each day of the week in September, such as scheduling listing appointments, buyer consultations, mailings, and working towards objectives.
This document proposes a "Dynamic Resource Allocation Strategy" for efficiently allocating resources to new customer onboarding projects. It involves assigning available internal resources to onboarding processes and allowing those resources to continue servicing clients after onboarding is complete. This creates consistent client relationships while making efficient use of resources. The strategy also proposes integrating an apprentice program to continually evaluate and train new resources to insert into the dynamic system. Effective management by a Service Manager is key to maintaining awareness of resource availability and allocating them across different projects and divisions as needs change.
The document defines a programmatic approach as an overarching vision for change achieved through interconnected projects under common objectives. A programmatic approach aims to achieve large-scale impacts on the global environment through interlinked projects, with results greater than the sum of individual projects. There are two types of programmatic approaches: thematic and geographic. The approval process for a program involves council approval of a program framework document and CEO endorsement of child projects. Program fees are 9% for programs over $10 million and 9.5% for programs under $10 million. Child projects can receive project preparation grants following norms for individual projects. The document also outlines program commitment deadlines and cancellation policies for uncommitted program funds.
The document defines a programmatic approach as an overarching vision for change achieved through interconnected projects under common objectives. A programmatic approach aims to achieve large-scale environmental impacts through interlinked projects. There are two types of programmatic approaches: thematic and geographic. The approval process for a program involves council approval of a program framework document and CEO endorsement of child projects. Program fees are 9% for programs over $10 million and 9.5% for programs under $10 million. Child projects can receive project preparation grants by submitting a template. The document also outlines program commitment deadlines, cancellation policies, and project preparation grants.
The document discusses two ongoing initiatives at the Global Fund: the Architecture Review and National Strategy Applications. The Architecture Review aims to simplify the Global Fund's processes and support continued growth through a "single stream of funding" model. The National Strategy Applications initiative seeks to increase country ownership by basing applications on validated national strategies. It outlines plans for a first learning wave of NSA applications to begin in 2009 to test the approach before broader implementation.
This document provides an overview of funding routes for asset management projects in the public sector. It discusses traditional sources of funding such as Public Works Loan Board (PWLB) borrowing as well as alternative sources like grants, private loans, partnerships, and tax incremental funding. The document emphasizes using a business case approach to evaluate options and choose the optimal funding mix by considering factors like costs, risks, and project requirements. It also provides examples of innovative funding deals recently utilized by various UK local authorities.
Progress towards Results: Overall Performance Study of the GEF (IWC5 Presenta...Iwl Pcu
Aaron Zazueta, GEF Evaluation Office
Presentation given during the 5th GEF Biennial International Waters Conference in Cairns, Australia during the results-based management session.
A Public Private Partnership Approch to Climate FinanceAldo Baietti
The detrimental effects of climate change are growing, yet investments in clean technologies are still grossly insufficient, making it necessary to re-think how these projects should be evaluated, structured and financed in order to render them viable and attractive opportunities to polluting alternatives. Existing approaches lack key features in order to adequately address the key financing challenges of these investments, and do not utilize public support to its maximum effectiveness. The international community is essential in resolving this financing challenge, and host governments need to create an environment that levels the playing field for green investments vis-à-vis their conventional alternatives. The Green Infrastructure Finance Framework places clean investments in a commonly understood framework of structured finance with public finance components, as in many hybrid PPPs. The framework includes four
main elements: (i) a viability gap methodology for evaluating, structuring and equitably allocating financing responsibilities to different private and public parties; (ii) linkage to a country’s PPP’s procurement and regulatory framework along with an MRV component for ensuring the service obligations of projects; (iii) measures for addressing the adequacy of the climate for these investments; and (iv) a financing and advisory interface for allocating a wide variety of public sources of financing in a coherent fashion.
Status of GCF support, review criteria and observations from progress to dateNAP Global Network
Presentation by Jason Spensley, Green Climate Fund, as part of the webinar "International Public Finance for the NAP Process" hosted by the NAP Global Network on December 7, 2017.
Developing projects and programs in a strategic manner: Adaptation Investment...NAP Global Network
Presentation given by Deborah Murphy and Maribel Hernandez, NAP Global Network, as part of the Network's Peer Learning Forum on “The Transition from Planning to Implementation in the NAP Process,” held in Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, from February 27-29, 2024
Presentation will cover: Introduction to AFI and AFI Network’s experience of Financial Inclusion Strategies; What are the global trends in Financial Inclusion Strategy Formulation & Implementation?; What lessons and conclusions can we draw from the current practices?
The document summarizes the structure and functions of the SWG-ARD (Sector Working Group for Agriculture and Rural Development) in Laos. It discusses the two Vientiane Declarations that guide development cooperation, the role of the SWG-ARD Secretariat, key functions and achievements of the SWG-ARD, and remaining challenges.
The documents discuss various aspects of planning and implementation, including:
1) The importance of planning for effective implementation of projects, programs, and policies. Careful planning is needed to ensure comprehensive, cost-effective, and timely implementation.
2) Common pitfalls that can derail implementation such as overcommitment, poorly defined objectives, lack of follow through, and distraction. Effective implementation requires addressing these challenges.
3) The role of implementation plans in outlining the steps, timeline, resources, and management structure for executing strategies and driving organizational growth. Without implementation plans, large changes may not be successfully rolled out.
Investment planning and public investment plans: Inssues and Best PracticesJean-Marc Lepain
This presentation goes through the issues in investment appraisal that result in poor outcomes. It introduces Public Investment Plans as a systematic methodology to address these issues.
Talking Points on GCF’s Support for NAPs NAP Events
The document discusses the Green Climate Fund's (GCF) support for National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) in developing countries. Key points:
- The Paris Agreement requested the GCF to expedite its support for NAP formulation and implementation in least developed countries and other developing nations.
- The GCF Board decided to approve up to $3 million per country through its Readiness and Preparatory Support Programme for NAP formulation. This is in addition to the original $1 million annual cap per country.
- The additional funding will help countries access resources to formulate NAPs while also implementing other readiness activities. However, more funding will still be needed to support all country needs.
This presentation was given by Roger Garrini of Selex ES (and also a Governance SIG committee member) to delegates at the APM Governance SIG's autumn conference entitled "Achieving change successfully - why good governance matters". This conference took place on 1st October 2015 in London.
The document discusses the role of the Development Bank of Southern Africa (DBSA) in mobilizing financing for green economy projects through mechanisms like the National Green Fund. It describes the types of funding and financing instruments provided by the Green Fund, including grants, loans, and equity, to support initiatives that promote renewable energy, low carbon development, and environmental management. The Green Fund aims to facilitate South Africa's transition to a greener economy through strategic investments across key sectors.
Outline:
Existing EE Related Funds & Incentives In Malaysia
Financing Options To Implement EE Projects
EE Project Evaluation
Examples Of EE Solutions & Technologies
Conclusions
What’s Next?
GEF's Support and Experience on Capacity Building for Transparency GEF''s, Du...OECD Environment
Capacity building is integral to the Global Environment Facility's (GEF) support for mitigation projects. The GEF has provided $118.9 million for mitigation capacity building in 2015. Capacity building is also a core part of GEF support across all of its focal areas and is highly integrated into project design. The GEF's support for capacity building helps to strengthen institutions, improve strategies and policies, and enable action at the national level over the long term. This includes support for national communications, biennial update reports, nationally determined contributions, and the new Capacity-building Initiative for Transparency.
Session 5.1: Programatic approach in building resilienceNAP Events
The document summarizes the key findings of an evaluation of the Climate Investment Funds' programmatic approach to delivering climate finance. Some of the main points are:
1) The programmatic approach helped ensure programs supported transformational change by facilitating inclusive strategic planning linked to predictable funding. This contributed to increased government ownership and awareness of climate issues.
2) The approach was most effective in the investment planning phase, but less so in project implementation. The Pilot Program for Climate Resilience sustained the approach best through monitoring and coordination mechanisms.
3) Effective government leadership and capacity, as well as coordination mechanisms, were important for applying the programmatic approach successfully in both planning and implementation.
sing Target Date Funds in Your Plan
Target date funds (also known as lifecycle funds) have become increasingly popular in retirement plans. Close to 70% of 401(k) and profit sharing plans offered target date funds in 2014, according to the most recent survey by the Plan Sponsor Council of America.*
The document discusses the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) Economic and Financial Learning Program (BSP-EFLP), which aims to promote understanding of BSP policies through various educational activities, including lectures, discussions, and exhibits. It highlights the BSP-EFLP's Financial Learning Campaign for Overseas Filipinos and their beneficiaries, finding families who save and invest have significantly increased since 2007. The program has reached 80 out of 81 Philippine provinces through over 6,000 events attended by more than 670,000 people, and has also held 15 campaigns in 13 overseas cities with large Filipino populations.
Miguel made video transfers to Zimbabwe and Uganda and can pick up the cash for those transfers via Mobile Money. Alma also made cinemagraphs that could involve video transfers to other countries with Mobile Money as a cash pickup option.
Project Greenback is an initiative to expand affordable remittance services for migrants. It launched in Turin, Italy in 2013 and has since expanded to locations in Europe and plans to launch in Southeast Asia, North America, and Haiti in 2015. The project takes an inclusive approach, working with remittance senders, public authorities, market players, community organizations and academics. It uses various strategies like financial education, market monitoring, migrant-led activities and workshops to promote competition and transparency. Evaluation of the Turin project found users had become more dynamic over time in changing remittance channels and more informed about costs, and more migrants were opening bank accounts.
The document discusses Malaysia's money services business regulatory framework that supports the growth of remittance businesses. It notes that there are 33 non-bank remittance service providers that have over 2000 access points nationwide through branches and agents. Total outward remittances from Malaysia have been growing steadily under this regulatory regime, increasing at an average annual rate of 24.4% from 2011 to 2014. Promoting awareness of formal remittance channels and expanding financial inclusion among target groups like migrant workers and SMEs is an initiative proposed to further develop the remittance market.
This document discusses strategies for maximizing the impact of remittances and migration. It recommends strengthening remittance markets through promoting competition, using intermediaries like microfinance institutions and postal services, and innovative models like mobile payments. It also suggests promoting financial inclusion through distribution channels, financial literacy programs, and cross-selling financial products. Finally, it proposes promoting investment of remittances and migrant savings through identifying investment opportunities, developing productive investment models like funds and bonds, and supporting skill development and entrepreneurship.
The document discusses the work of FOMIN, a development organization that promotes financial inclusion in Latin America and the Caribbean. FOMIN works to pilot private sector solutions that empower low-income populations through equity investments, loans, and grants. It focuses on areas of finance, markets, and basic services. One of FOMIN's initiatives is a Remittances and Savings Program that funds 10 projects to promote the development of savings products targeted at remittance clients, with the goal of helping 40 million remittance recipients in the region access savings accounts. The program provides technical assistance and up to $500k per project for activities like product design, financial education, and testing new distribution channels for savings accounts.
David Khoudour presented at the 2015 Global Forum on Remittances and Development in Milan, Italy. He discussed how public policies can create an enabling environment for using remittances to finance development. Khoudour categorized public policies into migration policies, migration-related development policies, and non-migration sectoral development policies. Sectoral development policies in areas like financial services, agriculture, education, health, and social protection can influence remittance flows and investment by either complementing or substituting for remittances. Coordinating policies across sectors and better integrating migration into development strategies can improve how remittances support development.
The document shows statistics on international migration trends from 1990 to 2050. It includes data on the global number of international migrants from 1990 to 2013, the largest migration corridors in 2013, and the projected change in working age and youth populations from 2015 to 2050.
This document discusses leveraging migration, remittances, and diaspora for financing sustainable development. It notes that remittances total $440 billion globally, with $135 billion going to developing countries in Africa and Venezuela paying exorbitantly high costs of 8-12% and 20% for transfers within Africa. The document outlines monitoring remittance flows, expanding access to financial services for recipients, and developing capital market access for developing countries as areas that could help maximize development impact. It estimates that reducing costs, tapping diaspora savings and bonds, reducing migrant worker fees, and using future remittance flows as collateral could potentially mobilize over $100 billion for development.
The document analyzes data from the 2013 Survey on Overseas Filipinos conducted by the Philippine Statistics Authority on the age groups and gender of overseas Filipino workers (OFWs). It finds that the largest segments are male OFWs aged 25-29 and 30-34, numbering over 280,000 each, while the second largest segments are female OFWs aged 25-29 and 30-34, numbering around 180,000-190,000 each. Overall, the data shows that OFWs between the ages of 25-34, both male and female, make up the largest shares of overseas workers from the Philippines.
This document discusses the goals of migrants from Moldova and their level of interest in investing in their home country. It finds that the most common goals of migrants are to invest in businesses, prepare for emergencies, build homes, and educate children. However, most respondents said they did not know of any institutions that provide information or assistance to migrants. The document also shows that migrants from Moldova have moderate to high levels of interest in investing in private sector companies in their home country that could generate reasonable profits.
This document discusses leveraging remittances for post-conflict development in Somalia. It notes that security has increased and piracy/insurgency has declined, while the diaspora is returning with human and financial capital. However, Somalia still faces challenges like lack of access to credit, high electricity costs, weak institutions, and an unskilled workforce. Remittances make up 45% of Somalia's GDP and the estimated 1 million person Somali diaspora remits $1.3 billion annually. Most remittances support essential household expenses, though some funds small businesses and development projects. The organization Shuraako supports SME growth by facilitating over $2 million in diaspora investments in Somalia across sectors like
Sierra Leone has a population of 6.092 million people with a life expectancy of 46 years and GDP of $4.136 billion. The economy relies heavily on exports which make up 53% of GDP, while imports are 54% of GDP. Services and industry make up 33% and 8% of GDP respectively, while domestic credit from the financial sector is 15% of GDP and foreign direct investment was $144 million.
Diaspora Matters Ltd. is led by CEO Kingsley Aikins. The email address kingsley@diasporamatters.com suggests he is the CEO of the company. The brief document provides contact information for Kingsley Aikins as the CEO of Diaspora Matters Ltd.
The document discusses a Tanzanian post corporation located near the border with Burundi that serves over 250,000 customers and generates $300,000 in annual income. It also provides demographic details about the Kibondo district where the post office is located, noting that it has a population of 261,331 people, representing 0.6% of Tanzania's national population, with an average household size of 5 and regional population density of 57 people per square kilometer, with 70% of the regional population employed in agriculture.
This document discusses remittances and financial services for migrants. It provides data on annual expenditures, remittances, and savings for migrant households from 2009 and 2012. It also shows data on the demand for various services among migrants, such as ongoing advisory services, recruitment/employment services, and financial planning services. Finally, it presents data on migrants' access to and demand for various financial services, including private pensions, credit cards, education funds, mortgages, and business credit. The document was produced through research partnerships between the International Agency for Source Country Information and the Centre for Sociological, Political and Psychological Analysis and Investigations, funded by the European Union and Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation.
BancoPosta holds 45% of BP products while non-customers hold 55%. 30.3% of Nuovi Italiani customers, who are immigrants in Italy, hold only Postepay cards, while 32.1% hold only postal savings accounts. BancoPosta has an 8.7% market share of international money transfers from Italy in 2014, amounting to 5.3 billion euros.
The document discusses mobile money wallets and cross-border remittances. It notes that mobile money services have expanded greatly in recent years, with over 255 services across 89 countries. A new promising model for international transfers uses mobile money accounts as both the sending and receiving channels. However, several regulatory considerations need to be addressed for cross-border mobile money transfers, including permission to offer such services, meeting know-your-customer requirements across countries, transaction and balance limits, exchange control authorizations, data privacy, and disclosure/transparency requirements.
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Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
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Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
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GEF policies
1. GEF-6 Policies
IFAD and FAO Learning Event
on GEF
Rome, Italy
December 10-12, 2014
2. 2
Overview
Background: GEF Policies are usually submitted to Council for approval via Council
papers but do not capture discussions/views of Council during the meeting.
GEF Policy Framework:
In GEF-6: Types and Hierarchy of Policy and Procedure Framework was established
Policy: A statement of principles or values approved by the GEF Council that mandates or
constrains activities undertaken to achieve the institutional goals of the GEF Secretariat. A
Policy’s legal power is higher than that of procedures and guidelines.
Procedures: A set of instructions or process that must be followed to adhere to a particular
Policy or to accomplish an operational function or a specific task. Procedures are approved by
the GEF CEO with the responsibility for the relevant Policy or relevant operational area or
subject matter.
Guideline: Additional information to help explain or implement a particular policy. Guidelines
are approved by the CEO or by Team Leaders with responsibility of the relevant Policy or
relevant operational area or subject matter. Guidelines have the lowest power in the strata of
Policies, Procedures and Guidelines.
3. 3
Overview…………(2)
1. GEF Programmatic Approach, 47th Council Meeting
2. Update on Project Cancellation Policy,
47th Council Meeting
3. Co-financing Policy, 46th Council Meeting
4. Non-Grant Instrument, 47th Council Meeting
5. Policy on Gender Mainstreaming, 47th Council
Meeting
6. Public Involvement Policy, 7th Council Meeting
4. 4
Programmatic Approach
Key document = a Program Framework Document (PFD) submitted in a
work program for Council approval;
Program can be single-Agency or multi-Agency; single focal area or
mutli-focal area, single trust fund or multi-trust fund;
For multi-Agency program, a Lead Agency will be identified to manage
the program in all related administrative matters;
Extensive upstream consultation among relevant stakeholders;
Key Features in a PFD:
• Discuss program objectives;
• Describe all child project contributions to the program objective;
• Establish a program commitment deadline.
5. 5
Project Cancellation Policy
Objectives:
to improve the GEF’s operational efficiency, particularly in the amount of
time it takes to prepare and deliver projects;
to ensure that GEF-financed projects remain relevant to the objectives and
priorities of the GEF and recipient countries.
Using Phased approach to implement the policy:
• After 12 months of Council approval of PIF, a notification will be sent to the
Agency and OFP of the recipient country to alert them of the remaining 6 months
for submission of project for CEO endorsement;
• After 18 months, the Secretariat informs all relevant stakeholders on the
cancellation of the project.
• The Secretariat will consider exception to the above cancellation only on
extraordinary events, and if agreed, will notify Council.
• Cancelled projects maybe resubmitted within a year for consideration of CEO
endorsement if resources are available.
6. 6
Project Cancellation Policy……..(2)
Cancellation of child projects under a program and unused program
amount:
• All child projects should be submitted for CEO endorsement by
the program commitment deadline.
• Six months before the program commitment deadline, if there
are still program funds of child projects not yet CEO endorsed,
the Secretariat sends a notification to the Lead Agency notifying
it of the upcoming cancellation of such program funds.
• After the passing of the program commitment deadline, the CEO
notifies the relevant Lead Agency and the Trustee of the
cancellation for the remaining program funds.
7. 7
GEF Co-financing Policy
• Approved by Council in May 2014, which has been posted as Policy FI/PL/01.
This Policy:
establishes the objectives for co-financing in GEF-financed projects;
Defines co-financing for GEF-financed projects and programs; and
Provides rules/requirements on co-financing for GEF-financed projects and
programs.
• Applies to GEF Trust Fund and the Nagoya Protocol Implementation Fund
(GEF-financed projects) financed projects and programs but not to LDCF or
SCCF financed projects.
• Council Document that proposed the Policy to the Council (Document
GEF/C.20/6/Rev.1, Co-financing) contains helpful background and guidance
on how it will be implemented.
8. 8
GEF Co-financing Policy……..(2)
• Objective: “to attain adequate levels of co-financing as a means to:
enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of the GEF in
achieving global environmental benefits;
strengthen partnerships with recipient country governments,
multilateral and bilateral financing entities, the private sector, and
civil society.”
• Includes “an ambition for the overall GEF portfolio to reach a co-financing
ratio of at least 6:1, with expectations for greater co-financing
in upper-middle income countries that are not SIDs.”
This is a portfolio ambition, not project-by-project.
GEF Secretariat “will not impose minimum thresholds and/or
specific co-financing sources in the review of individual projects or
work programs.”
9. 9
GEF Co-financing Policy……..(3)
• Definition: “resources that are additional to the GEF grant1 and that are
provided by the GEF Partner Agency itself and/or by other non-GEF sources
that support the implementation of the GEF-financed project and the
achievement of its objectives.”
• Co-financing is required for all GEF full-sized and medium-sized projects
and programmatic approaches (PAs). Optional for enabling activities.
PIFs & PAs must list indicative co-financing for work program
inclusion.
For CEO endorsement, Agencies must confirm co-financing and
provide evidence.
Agencies must list co-financing by source and type.
Secretariat reviews proposals for consistency with Policy.
____________
1 GEF financing (e.g. the GEF grants) is determined on the basis of the agreed incremental cost
principle.
10. 10
GEF Co-financing Policy……..(4)
Council Document GEF/C.20/6/Rev.1 also notes that the Secretariat
will “continue to review project co-financing as part of its assessment
of whether the project is supported by an adequate financing package
in light of the needs of the project.” (Paragraph 16)
• GEF Secretariat will also monitor portfolio co-financing and report
to Council through Annual Monitoring Review (AMR).
• Agencies to report on materialized co-financing during
implementation and project closure (per GEF PIR and TER-Terminal
Evaluation Report)
• Evaluation Office may evaluate co-financing through Overall
Performance Studies.
Link to the paper: http://www.thegef.org/gef/policy/co-financing
11. 11
Non-Grant Instrument
GEF’s experience to date suggests that non-grant instruments
can make an important contribution to the achievement of the
GEF’s objectives. They have helped deliver innovative projects
and catalytic partnerships.
GEF-6 Policy Recommendations: expand the use of non-grant
instruments, in view of the contributions these can make to
leverage capital from private sector, to long-term financial
sustainability through their potential for generating reflows, as
well as the usefulness of assessing the demand for non-grant
instruments for the public sector in GEF recipient countries.
12. 12
Non-Grant Instrument…………(2)
• Since the GEF’s inception, a total of 86 projects have been recorded
as having utilized a “non-grant” instrument, totaling $715 million of
GEF financing (about 6% of the GEF’s total programmed amount);
• Co-financing ratio of these projects has trended high over time,
and is well above co-financing levels of GEF grant programming;
• The largest share of projects has been in the CCM focal area (80%
of the funds). 7 projects have been in the BD;
• Debt instruments and risk mitigation products are the most
frequently used non-grant instruments (71 % of the funds)
13. 13
GEF-6 Non-Grant Pilot
• will play a key role in supporting the GEF’s efforts to leverage significant
capital from the private sector through the use of innovative and flexible
financial instruments.
• will expand the range of tools available to the GEF and allow the GEF to
assess the demand and applicability of GEF non-grant instruments for
public sector recipients.
• By demonstrating and validating successful models for the use of non-grant
instruments, the GEF can help catalyze large-scale changes through
broader adoption and generate experiences which may also be useful for
other international environmental funding mechanisms such as the Green
Climate Fund.
• by focusing the Pilot on non-grant instruments that have the potential to
generate reflows, the Pilot can make a contribution to the GEF Trust
Fund’s financial sustainability.
14. 14
NGI Pilot: Implementation
• A set-aside of $110 million for the Non-Grant Pilot.
• The maximum amount of funding for each project is approximately $15
million.
• Proposals must be submitted by one of the GEF Partner Agencies on
behalf of the potential project proponent. Interested parties are
encouraged to contact the relevant GEF Partner Agency focal point.
• Only proposals using non-grant instruments with a potential for
reflows to the GEF Trust Fund will be funded under the Pilot.
• Consistent with the Policy on Non-Grant Instruments, a broad and
flexible range of debt, equity and guarantee instruments will be
supported under the Pilot. For projects/programs with public sector
recipients, instruments include concessional loans and guarantee
instruments; an emphasis on concessional loans is expected.
15. 15
NGI Pilot Implementation – Selection Criteria
• Project proposals are eligible as long as they contribute GEBs as per
GEF’s strategic programming under GEF-6.
• The Pilot will seek to fund a diversity of recipient countries,
regions, and Focal Areas. Proposals for both full-sized projects and
medium-sized projects will be considered.
• The Pilot will support capacity building, technical assistance, and
advisory services only if they are included as part of the overall
investment using the non-grant instrument and if the overall
investment has potential for reflow to the GEF Trust Fund.
16. 16
Implementation – Selection Criteria
Following elements are especially encouraged:
• demonstrate innovative application of financial
mechanisms and partnerships that may be broadly adopted
and can be scaled-up;
• demonstrate use of non-grant instruments in areas other
than CC;
• deliver innovative engagement with the private sector and
innovative business models;
• deliver high levels of co-financing.
17. 17
Implementation – Financing Terms……(1)
• For projects with private sector, the GEF Partner Agency
will negotiate an appropriate lending rate or return on
investment that is consistent with the Agency’s standard
practices;
• Ensures a minimum level of concessionality;
• Avoids displacing other finance;
• Catalyzes other investments;
• The maximum maturity for private sector loans is twenty
years; the exit date for equity investments will be negotiated
case by case.
18. 18
Implementation – Financing Terms……(2)
For projects/programs with loans to public sector recipients, the Pilot will
use differentiated terms: softer concessional terms will be offered to LDCs
and SIDS, while harder concessional terms will be offered to other countries
as follows:
GEF
concessional
loans under
the Pilot
Maturity
(Years)
Grace
Period
(Years)
Annual Principal
Repayment Years
11-20
(% of initial
principal)
Annual
Principal
Repayment
Years 21-40
(% of initial
principal)
Interest
To LDCs
and SIDS
40 10 2% 4% 0.25%
To Other
Recipient
Countries
20 10 10% NA 0.75%
19. 19
Implementation – Financing Terms ………..(3)
• Consistent with MDB standard lending practice, the GEF Agencies
will not seek any guarantee or security for lending to sovereign
governments under the Pilot. If a GEF loan under the Pilot is made
to a sub-national entity, the beneficiary country will be required to
guarantee the loan if the GEF Partner Agency requires such
guarantees for sub-sovereign lending.
• In case of the use of guarantee instruments for public sector entities,
the reflow schedule and fees will be negotiated on a case-by-case
basis by the GEF Partner Agency. There will be no requirement for
sovereign government indemnity for any guarantee product
20. 20
Implementation - Application
Schedule:
• It is anticipated that funds under the Pilot could be allocated rapidly --
the Pilot aspires to be fully programed by the end of the calendar year
2015. This will facilitate early compilation of lessons learned that
might be useful for GEF-7 and for other interested parties.
• The first opportunity for FSPs will open in Nov 2014 . Agencies are
encouraged to submit projects/programs in time for consideration by
Council in the June 2015 WP. The second opportunity for FSPs will
open in July 2015.
• Medium-sized projects can be submitted for CEO consideration under
the Pilot on a rolling basis, consistent with regular processing of
medium-sized projects.
21. 21
Gender Mainstreaming
Policy on Gender Mainstreaming (PL/SD/02) was adopted in 2011
• GEF’s commitment to enhancing gender equality through GEF operations.
• The Policy calls on the GEF Agencies to have policies, strategies, or action
plans that meet the seven minimum standards:
1) Institutional capacity for gender mainstreaming
2) Consideration of gender elements in project design,
implementation and review
3) Undertake project gender analysis
4) Measures to minimize/mitigate adverse gender impacts
5) Integration of gender sensitive activities
6) Monitoring and evaluation of gender mainstreaming progress
7) Inclusion of gender experts in projects
22. 22
Gender Equality Action Plan
To operationalize the Policy on Gender Mainstreaming, a Gender
Equality Action Plan was approved by Council in the October 2014
meeting where the following was established:
• Concrete road map to implement the GEF Policy on Gender
Mainstreaming that builds on the existing and planned gender
strategies and plans of the GEF Agencies
• Goal: to operationalize the mainstreaming of gender in GEF policy
and programming to advance both the GEF’s goals for attaining
GEBs and the goal of gender equality and women’s empowerment.
• Initially serves during the GEF-6 period (FY15-18).
23. 23
Key Elements
1. Project Cycle
• Develop a Guideline on Mainstreaming Gender in GEF Project Cycle
• Incorporate in Project Templates and Guidelines
2. Programming and Policies
• Support gender responsive projects, based on country demand and GEF-6
Strategy
• Mainstream gender in key GEF Strategy and Policy documents.
3. Knowledge Management
• Enhance KM on gender equality, in line with new KM strategy (Knowledge
products, webpage, etc)
4. Results Based Management
• Strengthen GEF-wide accountability for gender mainstreaming by having
Corporate and Focal Area level indicators and targets.
5. Capacity Development
• Strengthen capacity at GEFSEC institution and staff levels, OFPs and partners
at the country level
24. 24
GEF-6 Core Gender Indicators
1. Percentage of projects that have conducted gender analysis during
project preparation.
2. Percentage of projects that have incorporated gender responsive
project results framework (e.g. gender responsive output, outcome,
indicator, budget, etc).
3. Share of women and men as direct beneficiaries of project.
4. Share of convention related national reports incorporated gender
dimensions (e.g. NBSAP, NAPA, TDA/SAP, etc.).
5. Percentage of monitoring and evaluation reports that incorporates
gender equality/women’s empowerment issues and assess
results/progress.
25. 25
Public Involvement Policy
Policy: Public Involvement in GEF Projects, GEF/PL/SD/01
http://www.thegef.org/gef/content/public-involvement-policy
• Approved by GEF Council in April 1996, based on paragraph 5 of the
GEF Instrument.
• Effective public involvement is critical to the success of GEF-financed
projects, with emphasis on local participation.
• Includes five principles and related requirements that all GEF Partner
Agencies are required to follow to ensure public involvement in the
design, implementation, and evaluation of GEF-financed projects.
• GEF Partner Agencies must describe (in PIF and CEO endorsement) how
they have ensured public involvement in project design and will continue
during implementation.
26. 26
The Rationale for Public Involvement in
GEF-financed Projects
Public involvement improves the performance and impact of projects by:
• Enhancing recipient country ownership of, and accountability for,
project outcomes
• Addressing the social and economic needs of affected people
• Building partnerships among project executing agencies and
stakeholders
• Making use of skills, experiences, and knowledge, specifically of
non-governmental organizations (NGOs), community and local
groups, and the private sector in the design, implementation and
evaluation of project activities.
27. 27
Public Involvement Guidelines: Overview
Information Dissemination
Consultation for Setting Priorities
Consultation for Project/Program Design and
Implementation
Reporting, Monitoring and Evaluation
28. 28
Action Plan for Implementing Public Involvement
Policy and Guidelines
Information Dissemination
Design of programs and projects
Knowledge Management
Monitoring
Capacity Development
Policy and Guidelines
Conflict Resolution
29. 29
Related Council Paper Links
GEF website: www.thegef.org for all relevant project cycle papers
for more detailed policies and procedures.
GEF/C.38/05/Rev.1
Streamlining the Project Cycle and Refining the Programmatic Approach
GEF/C.39/Inf.03 GEF Project and Programmatic Approach Cycles
GEF/C.43/06 Streamlining of Project Cycle
GEF/C.47/07 Improving the GEF Project Cycle
GEF/C.46/09 Co-financing Policy, http://www.thegef.org/gef/policy/co-financing
For GEF Policies and Strategies, http://www.thegef.org/gef/policies
For key GEF Policy and Procedure Documents:
http://www.thegef.org/gef/policies_procedures
30. 30
.
Thank you for your attention!
Questions?
Lily Uy Hale (Lhale@thegef.org)
Sr. Operations Officer
Operations and Business Strategy, GEF
17