This document discusses engineering as social experimentation and the responsibilities of engineers. It states that engineering design and projects involve iterative testing and learning from results, making them experiments. It compares engineering experiments to standard experiments, noting similarities like partial ignorance and uncertainty in outcomes, but also contrasts like a lack of experimental control groups. The document argues that engineers have a responsibility as experimenters to consider moral and social impacts, maintain comprehensive awareness of a project's effects, and involve all stakeholders through voluntary and informed consent.
Engineering projects can be considered a type of social experimentation as they involve human participants and have uncertain outcomes. While there are similarities to scientific experiments, such as partial ignorance and the need for continuous monitoring, engineering projects differ in that they lack experimental control and informed consent from participants. Engineers have a responsibility as experimenters to consider moral and social factors, ensure safety, and learn from past experiences when conducting projects. Codes of ethics provide guidance but have limitations, and the law also plays a role in regulating engineering work.
This document discusses engineering as social experimentation and the responsibilities of engineers. It describes how engineering projects involve iterative design, testing and redesign similar to experiments. However, engineering projects differ from experiments in that they have less experimental control, involve humans, and may not gain significant new knowledge. As experimenters, engineers must have a commitment to moral values, be aware of project impacts, be accountable, and consider the perspectives of all stakeholders. They are responsible for identifying risks and informing the public of project details and outcomes.
et up.pptx Concepts of socialinformal groups on health and sickness.SangeethaShobi
Engineering projects involve experimentation through iterative design, testing, and redesign based on feedback. While similar to scientific experiments in aspects like partial ignorance, uncertainty, and continuous monitoring, engineering experiments differ in their lack of experimental control, inclusion of human factors, and limited new knowledge gained. Informed consent is also not commonly obtained as in medical experiments. Overall, engineering can be viewed as societal experimentation.
The document discusses similarities and differences between engineering experiments and general experiments, as well as the moral responsibilities of engineers. It addresses several questions:
1) Engineering experiments and general experiments both have uncertainties and require monitoring, but engineering experiments generally do not have a control group due to human subjects being outside the experimenter's control.
2) Engineers must obtain informed consent when experiments involve humans and properly assess information to understand wider implications of their work and mitigate harm.
3) However, it can be difficult for engineers to develop a comprehensive perspective and exercise moral commitment due to constraints like workplace pressures prioritizing employer obligations over public welfare.
Leadership Theories - Types and different styles of Leader - The New Reality ...RAJESHSKR
Engineers have a responsibility to consider engineering projects as social experiments. While preliminary tests and simulations are conducted, the entire project should also be viewed as an experiment that could pose risks. Engineers must protect safety, obtain informed consent, consider all possible impacts, and take accountability for results. However, codes of ethics only provide general guidance, and professionals still face dilemmas when social and technical factors conflict.
Unit III GE8076 Professional Ethics in Engineering by Dr.SelvaganesanDr. SELVAGANESAN S
1. Engineering projects can be viewed as social experiments that involve uncertainty and risks to human lives, requiring engineers to act with moral responsibility as experimenters.
2. As responsible experimenters, engineers must have a conscientious commitment to moral values, a comprehensive perspective, moral autonomy in decision making, and accountability for results.
3. Research ethics involves applying fundamental ethical principles to scientific research, including aspects like human experimentation, academic integrity, and responsible conduct of research through honesty, objectivity and respect for others.
Engineering projects can be considered a type of social experimentation as they involve human participants and have uncertain outcomes. While there are similarities to scientific experiments, such as partial ignorance and the need for continuous monitoring, engineering projects differ in that they lack experimental control and informed consent from participants. Engineers have a responsibility as experimenters to consider moral and social factors, ensure safety, and learn from past experiences when conducting projects. Codes of ethics provide guidance but have limitations, and the law also plays a role in regulating engineering work.
This document discusses engineering as social experimentation and the responsibilities of engineers. It describes how engineering projects involve iterative design, testing and redesign similar to experiments. However, engineering projects differ from experiments in that they have less experimental control, involve humans, and may not gain significant new knowledge. As experimenters, engineers must have a commitment to moral values, be aware of project impacts, be accountable, and consider the perspectives of all stakeholders. They are responsible for identifying risks and informing the public of project details and outcomes.
et up.pptx Concepts of socialinformal groups on health and sickness.SangeethaShobi
Engineering projects involve experimentation through iterative design, testing, and redesign based on feedback. While similar to scientific experiments in aspects like partial ignorance, uncertainty, and continuous monitoring, engineering experiments differ in their lack of experimental control, inclusion of human factors, and limited new knowledge gained. Informed consent is also not commonly obtained as in medical experiments. Overall, engineering can be viewed as societal experimentation.
The document discusses similarities and differences between engineering experiments and general experiments, as well as the moral responsibilities of engineers. It addresses several questions:
1) Engineering experiments and general experiments both have uncertainties and require monitoring, but engineering experiments generally do not have a control group due to human subjects being outside the experimenter's control.
2) Engineers must obtain informed consent when experiments involve humans and properly assess information to understand wider implications of their work and mitigate harm.
3) However, it can be difficult for engineers to develop a comprehensive perspective and exercise moral commitment due to constraints like workplace pressures prioritizing employer obligations over public welfare.
Leadership Theories - Types and different styles of Leader - The New Reality ...RAJESHSKR
Engineers have a responsibility to consider engineering projects as social experiments. While preliminary tests and simulations are conducted, the entire project should also be viewed as an experiment that could pose risks. Engineers must protect safety, obtain informed consent, consider all possible impacts, and take accountability for results. However, codes of ethics only provide general guidance, and professionals still face dilemmas when social and technical factors conflict.
Unit III GE8076 Professional Ethics in Engineering by Dr.SelvaganesanDr. SELVAGANESAN S
1. Engineering projects can be viewed as social experiments that involve uncertainty and risks to human lives, requiring engineers to act with moral responsibility as experimenters.
2. As responsible experimenters, engineers must have a conscientious commitment to moral values, a comprehensive perspective, moral autonomy in decision making, and accountability for results.
3. Research ethics involves applying fundamental ethical principles to scientific research, including aspects like human experimentation, academic integrity, and responsible conduct of research through honesty, objectivity and respect for others.
This document discusses a 5 day faculty development program (FDP) on emerging trends in nanotechnology and its biomedical applications organized by the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering at APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University. It provides an agenda for the FDP including topics on nanotoxicology, safety concerns of nanoparticles, exposure routes, material safety data sheets, personal protective equipment, safety engineering equipment, disposal of nanoparticles, and information sharing to maintain a safe research environment.
This document discusses engineering as social experimentation and engineers as responsible experimenters. It begins by defining experimentation and noting how engineering projects can be viewed as experiments with uncertainties. It then compares engineering projects to standard scientific experiments, noting similarities around partial ignorance, uncertainty in outcomes, and continuous monitoring. Key contrasts discussed include the lack of experimental control groups in engineering, the involvement of human subjects, and differences in the goal of gaining knowledge. The document stresses that engineers must be conscientious experimenters who consider safety, health, human rights and informed consent when developing new technologies.
This document provides information about engineering as social experimentation. It discusses how experimentation plays an important role in engineering design. Engineers conduct experiments and tests at various design stages to evaluate products. Engineering projects involve some uncertainty like standard experiments but lack experimental control and informed consent. Engineers have responsibilities as experimenters to protect safety, provide relevant information, ensure moral autonomy, and accept accountability. Codes of ethics provide guidance for engineers but have limitations. Laws and standards also influence engineering while balancing various factors. The document uses the Challenger disaster as a case study of engineering ethics issues.
Engineering Ethics In Engineering
Engineering : Engineering And Ethics
The Importance Of Ethics In Engineering
Foundation Of Engineering Ethics And Values
Engineering Ethics Essay
Engineering Ethics
Ethics And Ethics Of Engineering Ethics
Ethics in Engineering Essay
Importance Of Ethics In Engineering
The Codes Of Ethics And Ethics In Engineering
Ethics in Technology Essay
As with all materials, if you work with nanoparticles a few minutes of thought about safety will help you avoid problems later. Dr. Dominick Fazarro of the University of Texas at Tyler discusses nanoparticle safety. This talk provides a reasonable discussion of the potential hazards of nanoparticles and steps that can be taken to reduce these hazards.
This talk is useful for those who work with nanoparticles or manage a facility that handles nanoparticles.
This document discusses engineering as social experimentation. It begins by explaining how experimentation plays an important role in engineering design and product development. Engineers conduct experiments and tests at various stages of the design process to evaluate designs and make modifications. While engineering projects share some similarities to scientific experiments, such as uncertainty and continuous monitoring, they also have important differences. Engineering experiments involve human subjects and consequences, requiring concepts like informed consent. The document also discusses codes of ethics for engineers and the need for a balanced approach to law and regulations regarding engineering work.
This document discusses engineering as social experimentation. It begins by explaining how experimentation plays an important role in engineering design and product development. Engineers conduct experiments and tests at various stages to evaluate designs and products, making modifications based on the results. While engineering projects share some similarities to standard experiments, such as uncertainty and continuous monitoring, they also have important differences. Engineering experiments involve human subjects rather than being confined to a laboratory. They must also obtain informed consent and consider human factors. The document then discusses the responsibilities of engineers as experimenters and the role of codes of ethics. It concludes by examining the proper role of laws and regulations in governing engineering practice.
Safety and Risk – Assessment of Safety and Risk – Risk Benefit Analysis and Reducing Risk - Respect for Authority – Collective Bargaining – Confidentiality – Conflicts of Interest – Occupational Crime – Professional Rights – Employee Rights – Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) – Discrimination
This document provides an overview of green nanotechnology and its potential role in supporting green innovation and growth. It discusses how nanotechnology can contribute to products and processes that are more energy efficient, reduce waste, and have lower environmental impacts. The document examines strategies being used to support the development and commercialization of green nanotechnology applications. It also explores challenges in assessing the economic and environmental impacts of green nanotechnology, which will be important to evaluate as these technologies are further developed and implemented.
This document proposes the development of an "Artificial Electronic Nose" capable of detecting toxic gases, chemical vapors, smoke, and flammable oils through an array of sensors. The nose would not only detect the presence of these elements but also quantify their concentration. It aims to benefit those unable to detect hazards in their environment and would find application in industrial monitoring. The project is proposed to occur in two phases: first enhancing an existing industrial interface and integrating relevant sensors, then exploring a bio-electric interface for impaired patients. The feasibility lies in building upon commercially available gas detection technology and simulations show the design could accommodate 24 sensors with further resources.
This document summarizes an internship with an environmental consultancy firm. The interns assisted with preparing environmental impact assessment reports for various projects in industries like sugar, infrastructure, and chemicals. They studied the EIA process and relevant notifications, and learned how to assess impacts of projects on air, noise, water, ecology, and socioeconomics. The interns also conducted a traffic survey and visited the consultancy's laboratory. They recommended strategies for the consultancy to maintain business as some projects may no longer require environmental clearance. The internship provided valuable experience in practical aspects of EIA consultancy.
The document summarizes key findings from a research report on the impact of technology on youth. It finds that technology positively impacts education by making it more accessible and improving communication. However, overreliance on technology can also cause physical and psychological health issues. The report uses surveys of 100 youth to analyze how technology impacts areas like education, health, and efficiency. It finds that most youth use mobile devices and computers/laptops daily and sees technology as helpful for school and work.
This document discusses the importance of English for engineering. It contains 3 main points:
1. English is the predominant language in engineering fields, with most literature, processes, and machinery instructions written in English. Engineers must be proficient in English to properly understand technical information.
2. Mastering English gives engineers advantages in an increasingly globalized work environment where collaborating with international partners and professionals is common. It expands career opportunities.
3. For chemical engineering specifically, English is crucial as the vast majority of research publications, materials, and textbooks are published in English. It is essential for testing, analyzing, and conducting investigations in the field.
Introduction to Engineering Ethics.pdfSaraMFaustin
This document provides an introduction to engineering ethics. It discusses how engineering projects can raise moral challenges as they create benefits. Some examples of potential moral problems that can arise during engineering tasks are given, such as unrealistic assumptions, disregard of safety, and false advertising. The document defines engineering ethics as both the moral responsibilities of engineers and the study of morality in engineering practice and research. The goals of studying engineering ethics are to examine ethical decisions, policies, and values in engineering.
Reliability of Med-El Cochlear Implants in children. The Romania Experience.IJERA Editor
Introduction: Early detection of hearing loss significantly lowered the age of cochlear implantation. A failed CI
is a very problematic issue for the child and family and seems to be, for the moment, inevitable. This is a
retrospective review aimed to evaluate the reliability of Med-El devices implanted in children in Romania.
Materials and Methods: We designed a questionnaire to assess the incidence, the time elapsed and the reason
of total device failure. Medical-surgical data were collected from children who received Med-El cochlear
implants since the start of the National Cochlear Implant Program in 2001.
Results: There were 256 patients included. Failure Rate (6,64%) and Cumulative Survival Rate (95,31%) at 5
years were calculated. The majority of the hard and soft failures were encountered in Pulsar devices. Flap
necrosis was the most frequent medical/surgical reason for re-plantation. There was only one case of
posttraumatic device failure. Time elapsed to device failure was short – 22 months on average.
Conclusion: Cochlear implant reliability data should be considered during the choice of an implant for each
individual patient. This study confirms the safety and efficacy of Med-El cochlear implants in children for both
ceramic and non-ceramic devices.
The document discusses proven strategies for improving patient safety based on rigorous research evidence. It recommends implementing two strategies - using antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent infections and establishing a critical care outreach team to prevent failures to rescue. While there is strong evidence that antibiotic prophylaxis reduces infections, the evidence for critical care outreach teams is less certain. Effective implementation and supportive organizational contexts are also important for success. The document advocates testing interventions on a small scale first to adapt them locally before broader spread.
In the current phase (controversy-free period) traditional risk-aversion to new technology is muted. The ‘pendulum shifted’ towards commercialization about a decade ago
The need for, and adequacy of, risk-assessment and risk-management in commercial setting is highly variable.
Nanoscience and nanotechnology publications often tout ‘transdisciplinary’; evidence from social science perspective suggests much of the research is ‘uni-disciplinary’.
Tactic knowledge plays a significant role in science to technology transfer; ability to do both within a group or organization is advantageous. A transdisciplinary approach to regulatory policy development would be important for efficient standardization of frameworks, concepts, tools and vocabulary.
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
This document discusses a 5 day faculty development program (FDP) on emerging trends in nanotechnology and its biomedical applications organized by the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering at APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University. It provides an agenda for the FDP including topics on nanotoxicology, safety concerns of nanoparticles, exposure routes, material safety data sheets, personal protective equipment, safety engineering equipment, disposal of nanoparticles, and information sharing to maintain a safe research environment.
This document discusses engineering as social experimentation and engineers as responsible experimenters. It begins by defining experimentation and noting how engineering projects can be viewed as experiments with uncertainties. It then compares engineering projects to standard scientific experiments, noting similarities around partial ignorance, uncertainty in outcomes, and continuous monitoring. Key contrasts discussed include the lack of experimental control groups in engineering, the involvement of human subjects, and differences in the goal of gaining knowledge. The document stresses that engineers must be conscientious experimenters who consider safety, health, human rights and informed consent when developing new technologies.
This document provides information about engineering as social experimentation. It discusses how experimentation plays an important role in engineering design. Engineers conduct experiments and tests at various design stages to evaluate products. Engineering projects involve some uncertainty like standard experiments but lack experimental control and informed consent. Engineers have responsibilities as experimenters to protect safety, provide relevant information, ensure moral autonomy, and accept accountability. Codes of ethics provide guidance for engineers but have limitations. Laws and standards also influence engineering while balancing various factors. The document uses the Challenger disaster as a case study of engineering ethics issues.
Engineering Ethics In Engineering
Engineering : Engineering And Ethics
The Importance Of Ethics In Engineering
Foundation Of Engineering Ethics And Values
Engineering Ethics Essay
Engineering Ethics
Ethics And Ethics Of Engineering Ethics
Ethics in Engineering Essay
Importance Of Ethics In Engineering
The Codes Of Ethics And Ethics In Engineering
Ethics in Technology Essay
As with all materials, if you work with nanoparticles a few minutes of thought about safety will help you avoid problems later. Dr. Dominick Fazarro of the University of Texas at Tyler discusses nanoparticle safety. This talk provides a reasonable discussion of the potential hazards of nanoparticles and steps that can be taken to reduce these hazards.
This talk is useful for those who work with nanoparticles or manage a facility that handles nanoparticles.
This document discusses engineering as social experimentation. It begins by explaining how experimentation plays an important role in engineering design and product development. Engineers conduct experiments and tests at various stages of the design process to evaluate designs and make modifications. While engineering projects share some similarities to scientific experiments, such as uncertainty and continuous monitoring, they also have important differences. Engineering experiments involve human subjects and consequences, requiring concepts like informed consent. The document also discusses codes of ethics for engineers and the need for a balanced approach to law and regulations regarding engineering work.
This document discusses engineering as social experimentation. It begins by explaining how experimentation plays an important role in engineering design and product development. Engineers conduct experiments and tests at various stages to evaluate designs and products, making modifications based on the results. While engineering projects share some similarities to standard experiments, such as uncertainty and continuous monitoring, they also have important differences. Engineering experiments involve human subjects rather than being confined to a laboratory. They must also obtain informed consent and consider human factors. The document then discusses the responsibilities of engineers as experimenters and the role of codes of ethics. It concludes by examining the proper role of laws and regulations in governing engineering practice.
Safety and Risk – Assessment of Safety and Risk – Risk Benefit Analysis and Reducing Risk - Respect for Authority – Collective Bargaining – Confidentiality – Conflicts of Interest – Occupational Crime – Professional Rights – Employee Rights – Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) – Discrimination
This document provides an overview of green nanotechnology and its potential role in supporting green innovation and growth. It discusses how nanotechnology can contribute to products and processes that are more energy efficient, reduce waste, and have lower environmental impacts. The document examines strategies being used to support the development and commercialization of green nanotechnology applications. It also explores challenges in assessing the economic and environmental impacts of green nanotechnology, which will be important to evaluate as these technologies are further developed and implemented.
This document proposes the development of an "Artificial Electronic Nose" capable of detecting toxic gases, chemical vapors, smoke, and flammable oils through an array of sensors. The nose would not only detect the presence of these elements but also quantify their concentration. It aims to benefit those unable to detect hazards in their environment and would find application in industrial monitoring. The project is proposed to occur in two phases: first enhancing an existing industrial interface and integrating relevant sensors, then exploring a bio-electric interface for impaired patients. The feasibility lies in building upon commercially available gas detection technology and simulations show the design could accommodate 24 sensors with further resources.
This document summarizes an internship with an environmental consultancy firm. The interns assisted with preparing environmental impact assessment reports for various projects in industries like sugar, infrastructure, and chemicals. They studied the EIA process and relevant notifications, and learned how to assess impacts of projects on air, noise, water, ecology, and socioeconomics. The interns also conducted a traffic survey and visited the consultancy's laboratory. They recommended strategies for the consultancy to maintain business as some projects may no longer require environmental clearance. The internship provided valuable experience in practical aspects of EIA consultancy.
The document summarizes key findings from a research report on the impact of technology on youth. It finds that technology positively impacts education by making it more accessible and improving communication. However, overreliance on technology can also cause physical and psychological health issues. The report uses surveys of 100 youth to analyze how technology impacts areas like education, health, and efficiency. It finds that most youth use mobile devices and computers/laptops daily and sees technology as helpful for school and work.
This document discusses the importance of English for engineering. It contains 3 main points:
1. English is the predominant language in engineering fields, with most literature, processes, and machinery instructions written in English. Engineers must be proficient in English to properly understand technical information.
2. Mastering English gives engineers advantages in an increasingly globalized work environment where collaborating with international partners and professionals is common. It expands career opportunities.
3. For chemical engineering specifically, English is crucial as the vast majority of research publications, materials, and textbooks are published in English. It is essential for testing, analyzing, and conducting investigations in the field.
Introduction to Engineering Ethics.pdfSaraMFaustin
This document provides an introduction to engineering ethics. It discusses how engineering projects can raise moral challenges as they create benefits. Some examples of potential moral problems that can arise during engineering tasks are given, such as unrealistic assumptions, disregard of safety, and false advertising. The document defines engineering ethics as both the moral responsibilities of engineers and the study of morality in engineering practice and research. The goals of studying engineering ethics are to examine ethical decisions, policies, and values in engineering.
Reliability of Med-El Cochlear Implants in children. The Romania Experience.IJERA Editor
Introduction: Early detection of hearing loss significantly lowered the age of cochlear implantation. A failed CI
is a very problematic issue for the child and family and seems to be, for the moment, inevitable. This is a
retrospective review aimed to evaluate the reliability of Med-El devices implanted in children in Romania.
Materials and Methods: We designed a questionnaire to assess the incidence, the time elapsed and the reason
of total device failure. Medical-surgical data were collected from children who received Med-El cochlear
implants since the start of the National Cochlear Implant Program in 2001.
Results: There were 256 patients included. Failure Rate (6,64%) and Cumulative Survival Rate (95,31%) at 5
years were calculated. The majority of the hard and soft failures were encountered in Pulsar devices. Flap
necrosis was the most frequent medical/surgical reason for re-plantation. There was only one case of
posttraumatic device failure. Time elapsed to device failure was short – 22 months on average.
Conclusion: Cochlear implant reliability data should be considered during the choice of an implant for each
individual patient. This study confirms the safety and efficacy of Med-El cochlear implants in children for both
ceramic and non-ceramic devices.
The document discusses proven strategies for improving patient safety based on rigorous research evidence. It recommends implementing two strategies - using antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent infections and establishing a critical care outreach team to prevent failures to rescue. While there is strong evidence that antibiotic prophylaxis reduces infections, the evidence for critical care outreach teams is less certain. Effective implementation and supportive organizational contexts are also important for success. The document advocates testing interventions on a small scale first to adapt them locally before broader spread.
In the current phase (controversy-free period) traditional risk-aversion to new technology is muted. The ‘pendulum shifted’ towards commercialization about a decade ago
The need for, and adequacy of, risk-assessment and risk-management in commercial setting is highly variable.
Nanoscience and nanotechnology publications often tout ‘transdisciplinary’; evidence from social science perspective suggests much of the research is ‘uni-disciplinary’.
Tactic knowledge plays a significant role in science to technology transfer; ability to do both within a group or organization is advantageous. A transdisciplinary approach to regulatory policy development would be important for efficient standardization of frameworks, concepts, tools and vocabulary.
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
An improved modulation technique suitable for a three level flying capacitor ...IJECEIAES
This research paper introduces an innovative modulation technique for controlling a 3-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI), aiming to streamline the modulation process in contrast to conventional methods. The proposed
simplified modulation technique paves the way for more straightforward and
efficient control of multilevel inverters, enabling their widespread adoption and
integration into modern power electronic systems. Through the amalgamation of
sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) with a high-frequency square wave
pulse, this controlling technique attains energy equilibrium across the coupling
capacitor. The modulation scheme incorporates a simplified switching pattern
and a decreased count of voltage references, thereby simplifying the control
algorithm.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdf
ge6075 PE unit3.pdf
1. GE6075 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN
ENGINEERING
Unit 3
Dr Gnanasekaran Thangavel
Professor and Head
Faculty of Information Technology
R M K College of Engineering and
Technology
2. UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL
EXPERIMENTATION
Engineering as Experimentation – Engineers as
responsible Experimenters – Codes of Ethics – A
Balanced Outlook on Law.
2 Dr Gnanasekaran Thangavel 10/20/2016
3. 10/20/2016
Dr Gnanasekaran Thangavel
3
ENGINEERING AS EXPERIMENTATION
Before manufacturing a product or providing a
project, we make several assumptions and trials,
design and redesign and test several times till the
product is observed to be functioning satisfactorily.
We try different materials and experiments. From the
test data obtained we make detailed design and
retests.
Thus, design as well as engineering is iterative
process as illustrated in Figure.
4. Figure - Design as an interactive process
10/20/2016
Dr Gnanasekaran Thangavel
4
Several redesigns are made upon
the feedback information on the
performance or failure in the field or
in the factory.
Besides the tests, each engineering
project is modified during execution,
based on the periodical feedback on
the progress and the lessons from
other sources.
Hence, the development of a
product or a project as a whole may
be considered as an experiment.
5. Engineering Projects VS. Standard Experiments
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It is now compare the two activities, and identify
1. the similarities and
2. contrasts.
Similarities Contrasts
1 Partial ignorance Experimental control
2 Uncertainty Humane touch
3 Continuous monitoring Informed consent
4 Learning from the past Knowledge gained
6. Similarities 1. Partial ignorance
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The project is usually executed in partial ignorance.
Uncertainties exist in the model assumed. The behavior of
materials purchased is uncertain and not constant (that is certain!).
They may vary with the suppliers, processed lot, time, and the
process used in shaping the materials (e.g., sheet or plate, rod or
wire, forged or cast or welded).
There may be variations in the grain structure and its resulting
failure stress. It is not possible to collect data on all variations.
In some cases, extrapolation, interpolation, assumptions of linear
behavior over the range of parameters, accelerated testing,
simulations, and virtual testing are resorted.
7. 2. Uncertainty
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The final outcomes of projects are also uncertain, as in
experiments.
Sometimes unintended results, side effects (bye-products),
and unsafe operation have also occurred.
Unexpected risks, such as undue seepage in a storage dam,
leakage of nuclear radiation from an atomic power plant,
presence of pesticides in food or soft drink bottle, an new
irrigation canal spreading water-borne diseases, and an
unsuspecting hair dryer causing lung cancer on the user
from the asbestos gasket used in the product have been
reported.
8. 3. Continuous monitoring
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Monitoring continually the progress and gaining new
knowledge are needed before, during, and after execution
of project as in the case of experimentation.
The performance is to be monitored even during the use (or
wrong use!) of the product by the end user/beneficiary.
9. 4. Learning from the past
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Engineers normally learn from their own prior designs and infer
from the analysis of operation and results, and sometimes from
the reports of other engineers. But this does not happen
frequently.
The absence of interest and channels of communication, ego
in not seeking information, guilty upon the failure, fear of legal
actions, and mere negligence have caused many a failure,
e.g., the Titanic lacked sufficient number of life boats—it had
only 825 boats for the actual passengers of 2227, the capacity
of the ship being 3547! In the emergent situation, all the
existing life boats could not be launched. Forty years back,
another steamship Arctic met with same tragedy due to the
10. 4. Learning from the past…..
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But the lesson was learned. In most of the hydraulic systems,
valves had been the critical components that are least reliable.
The confusion on knowing whether the valve was open or
closed, was the cause of the Three-Mile Island accident in
1979.
Similar malfunctioning of valves and mis-reading of gauges
have been reported to have caused the accidents else where
in some power plants. But we have not learnt the lesson from
the past.
The complacency that it will not happen again and will not
happen 'to me' has lead to many disasters.
11. Contrasts 1. Experimental control
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In standard experiments, members for study are selected into
two groups namely A and B at random. Group A are given
special treatment. The group B is given no treatment and is
called the ‘controlled group’. But they are placed in the same
environment as the other group A.
This process is called the experimental control. This practice is
adopted in the field of medicine. In engineering, this does not
happen, except when the project is confined to laboratory
experiments. This is because it is the clients or consumers who
choose the product, exercise the control. It is not possible to
make a random selection of participants from various groups. In
engineering, through random sampling, the survey is made
12. 2. Humane touch
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Engineering experiments involve human souls, their needs,
views, expectations, and creative use as in case of social
experimentation.
This point of view is not agreed by many of the engineers.
But now the quality engineers and managers have fully realized
this humane aspect.
13. 3. Informed consent
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Engineering experimentation is viewed as Societal Experiment
since the subject and the beneficiary are human beings. In this
respect, it is similar to medical experimentation on human
beings.
In the case of medical practice, moral and legal rights have
been recognized while planning for experimentation. Informed
consent is practiced in medical experimentation. Such a
practice is not there in scientific laboratory experiments.
Informed consent has two basic elements:
14. 3. Informed consent……
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1. Knowledge: The subject should be given all relevant information
needed to make the decision to participate.
2. Voluntariness: Subject should take part without force, fraud or
deception. Respect for rights of minorities to dissent and
compensation for harmful effect are assumed here.
For a valid consent, the following conditions are to be fulfilled:
1. Consent must be voluntary
2. All relevant information shall be presented/stated in a clearly
understandable form
3. Consenter shall be capable of processing the information and make
rational decisions.
4. The subject’s consent may be offered in proxy by a group that
15. 4. Knowledge gained…….
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Not much of new knowledge is developed in engineering experiments
as in the case of scientific experiments in the laboratory.
Engineering experiments at the most help us to
a) verify the adequacy of the design,
b) to check the stability of the design parameters, and
c) prepare for the unexpected outcomes, in the actual field
environments.
From the models tested in the laboratory to the pilot plant tested in the
field, there are differences in performance as well as other outcomes.
16. ENGINEERS AS RESPONSIBLE EXPERIMENTERS
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Although the engineers facilitate experiments, they are not alone in the
field. Their responsibility is shared with the organizations, people,
government, and others. No doubt the engineers share a greater
responsibility while monitoring the projects, identifying the risks, and
informing the clients and the public with facts. Based on this, they can
take decisions to participate or protest or promote. The engineer, as an
experimenter, owe several responsibilities to the society, namely,
1. A conscientious commitment to live by moral values.
2. A comprehensive perspective on relevant information. It includes
constant awareness of the progress of the experiment and readiness
to monitor the side effects, if any.
3.Unrestricted free-personal involvement in all steps of the
project/product development (autonomy).
17. Conscientiousness
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Conscientious moral commitment means:
a) Being sensitive to full range of moral values and responsibilities
relevant to the prevailing situation and
b) the willingness to develop the skill and put efforts needed to reach the
best balance possible among those considerations.
In short, engineers must possess open eyes, open ears, and an open
mind (i.e., moral vision, moral listening, and moral reasoning).
This makes the engineers as social experimenters, respect foremost
the safety and health of the affected, while they seek to enrich their
knowledge, rush for the profit, follow the rules, or care for only the
beneficiary.
The human rights of the participant should be protected through
voluntary and informed consent.
18. Comprehensive Perspective
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Relevant information
The engineer should grasp the context of his work and ensure that the
work involved results in only moral ends.
One should not ignore his conscience, if the product or project that he is
involved will result in damaging the nervous system of the people (or even
the enemy, in case of weapon development) A product has a built-in
obsolete or redundant component to boost sales with a false claim.
In possessing of the perspective of factual information, the engineer
should exhibit a moral concern and not agree for this design. Sometimes,
the guilt is transferred to the government or the competitors. Some
organizations think that they will let the government find the fault or let the
fraudulent competitor be caught first.
Finally, a full-scale environmental or social impact study of the product or
project by individual engineers is useful but not possible, in practice.
19. Moral Autonomy
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Viewing engineering as social experimentation, and anticipating
unknown consequences should promote an attitude of questioning
about the adequacy of the existing economic and safety standards.
This proves a greater sense of personal involvement in one’s work.
20. Accountability
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The term Accountability means:
1) The capacity to understand and act on moral reasons
2) Willingness to submit one’s actions to moral scrutiny and be responsive
to the assessment of others. It includes being answerable for meeting
specific obligations, i.e., liable to justify (or give reasonable excuses)
the decisions, actions or means, and outcomes (sometimes
unexpected), when required by the stakeholders or by law. The tug-of-
war between of causal influence by the employer and moral
responsibility of the employee is quite common in professions. In the
engineering practice, the problems are:
a) The fragmentation of work in a project inevitably makes the final
products lie away from the immediate work place, and lessens the
personal responsibility of the employee.
21. Accountability……….
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a) Further the responsibilities diffuse into various hierarchies and to
various people. Nobody gets the real feel of personal responsibility.
b) Often projects are executed one after another. An employee is more
interested in adherence of tight schedules rather than giving personal
care for the current project.
c) More litigation is to be faced by the engineers (as in the case of
medical practitioners). This makes them wary of showing moral
concerns beyond what is prescribed by the institutions. In spite of all
these shortcomings, engineers are expected to face the risk and show
22. CODES OF ETHICS
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(The ‘codes of ethics’ exhibit, rights, duties, and obligations of the members
of a profession and a professional society. The codes exhibit the following
essential roles:
1. Inspiration and guidance. The codes express the collective commitment of
the profession to ethical conduct and public good and thus inspire the
individuals. They identify primary responsibilities and provide statements and
guidelines on interpretations for the professionals and the professional
societies.
2. Support to engineers. The codes give positive support to professionals for
23. CODES OF ETHICS….
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3. Deterrence (discourage to act immorally) and discipline (regulate to act
morally). The codes serve as the basis for investigating unethical actions.
The professional societies sometimes revoke membership or
suspend/expel the members, when proved to have acted unethical. This
sanction along with loss of respect from the colleagues and the society
are bound to act as deterrent
4. Education and mutual understanding. Codes are used to prompt
discussion and reflection on moral issues. They develop a shared
understanding by the professionals, public, and the government on the
moral responsibilities of the engineers. The Board of Review of the
professional societies encourages moral discussion for educational
purposes.
24. CODES OF ETHICS….
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5) Create good public image. The codes present positive image of the
committed profession to the public, help the engineers to serve the public
effectively. They promote more of self regulation and lessen the
government regulations. This is bound to raise the reputation of the
profession and the organization, in establishing the trust of the public.
6) Protect the status quo. They create minimum level of ethical conduct and
promotes agreement within the profession. Primary obligation namely the
safety, health, and welfare of the public, declared by the codes serves
and protects the public.
7) Promotes business interests. The codes offer inspiration to the
entrepreneurs, establish shared standards, healthy competition, and
maximize profit to investors, employees, and consumers.
25. Limitations of codes
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The codes are not remedy for all evils. They have many limitations,
namely:
1) General and vague wordings. Many statements are general in nature and
hence unable to solve all problems.
2) Not applicable to all situations. Codes are not sacred, and need not be
accepted without criticism. Tolerance for criticisms of the codes
themselves should be allowed.
3) Often have internal conflicts. Many times, the priorities are clearly spelt
out, e.g., codes forbid public remarks critical of colleagues (engineers),
but they actually discovered a major bribery, which might have caused a
huge loss to the exchequer.
4) They cannot be treated as final moral authority for professional conduct.
Codes have flaws by commission and omission. There are still some grey
areas undefined by codes. They cannot be equated to laws. After all, even
26. Limitations of codes….
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5) Only a few enroll as members in professional society and non-members
cannot be compelled.
6) even as members of the professional society, many are unaware of the
codes
7) Different societies have different codes. The codes cannot be uniform or
same! Unifying the codes may not necessarily solve the problems
prevailing various professions, but attempts are still made towards these
unified codes.
8) Codes are said to be coercive. They are sometimes claimed to be
threatening and forceful.
27. A BALANCED OUTLOOK ON LAW
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The ‘balanced outlook on law’ in engineering practice stresses the
necessity of laws and regulations and also their limitations in directing and
controlling the engineering practice.
Laws are necessary because, people are not fully responsible by
themselves and because of the competitive nature of the free enterprise,
which does not encourage moral initiatives. Laws are needed to provide a
minimum level of compliance.
The following codes are typical examples of how they were enforced in
the past:
Code for Builders by Hammurabi
Hammurabi the king of Babylon in 1758 framed the following code for the
builders:
28. A BALANCED OUTLOOK ON LAW….
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“If a builder has built a house for a man and has not made his work sound
and the house which he has built has fallen down and caused the death of
the householder, that builder shall be put to death.
If it causes the death of the householder’s son, they shall put that builder’s
son to death. If it causes the death of the householder’s slave, he shall
give slave for slave to the householder. If it destroys property, he shall
replace anything it has destroyed; and because he has not made the
house sound which he has built and it has fallen down, he shall rebuild the
house which has fallen down from his own property.
If a builder has built a house for a man and does not make his work
perfect and the wall bulges, that builder shall put that wall in sound
condition at his own cost” This code was expected to put in self-regulation
seriously in those years
29. A BALANCED OUTLOOK ON LAW….
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Steam Boat Code in USA
Whenever there is crisis we claim that there ought to be law to control
this. Whenever there is a fire accident in a factory or fire cracker’s store
house or boat capsize we make this claim, and soon forget. Laws are
meant to be interpreted for minimal compliance. On the other hand, laws
when amended or updated continuously would be counterproductive.
Laws will always lag behind the technological development. The
regulatory or inspection agencies such as Environmental authority of India
can play a major role by framing rules and enforcing compliance.
In the early 19th century, a law was passed in USA to provide for
inspection of the safety of boilers and engines in ships. It was amended
many times and now the standards formulated by the American Society of
Mechanical Engineers are followed.
30. CASE STUDY: THE CHALLENGER
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31. References
1. https://sites.google.com/site/drtgnanasekaran/course-materials
2. Mike W. Martin and Roland Schinzinger, “Ethics in Engineering”, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi,
2003.
3. Govindarajan M, Natarajan S, Senthil Kumar V. S, “Engineering Ethics”, Prentice Hall of India,
New Delhi, 2004.
4. Charles B. Fleddermann, “Engineering Ethics”, Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 2004.
5. Charles E. Harris, Michael S. Pritchard and Michael J. Rabins, “Engineering Ethics – Concepts
and Cases”, Cengage Learning, 2009
6. John R Boatright, “Ethics and the Conduct of Business”, Pearson Education, New Delhi, 2003
7. 4. Edmund G Seebauer and Robert L Barry, “Fundametals of Ethics for Scientists and
Engineers”,Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2001
8. Laura P. Hartman and Joe Desjardins, “Business Ethics: Decision Making for Personal Integrity
and Social Responsibility” Mc Graw Hill education, India Pvt. Ltd.,New Delhi 2013.
9. World Community Service Centre, „ Value Education‟, Vethathiri publications, Erode, 2011
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