DIARRHOEA IS LEADING CAUSE OF MORTALITY IN INDIA AS WELL AS GLOBALLY .THIS IS NICE PPT BASED ON WHO GUIDELINES,DIARRHOEA IS EASY TO TREAT BUT STILL IT IS IS 2ND MOST COMMON CAUSE OF CHILDHOOD MORTALITY AFTER PNEUMONIA
DIARRHOEA IS LEADING CAUSE OF MORTALITY IN INDIA AS WELL AS GLOBALLY .THIS IS NICE PPT BASED ON WHO GUIDELINES,DIARRHOEA IS EASY TO TREAT BUT STILL IT IS IS 2ND MOST COMMON CAUSE OF CHILDHOOD MORTALITY AFTER PNEUMONIA
constipation in children , pediatric constipation , management of constipation in children , understanding constipation , causes of constipation in children , functional constipation in children , treatment of constipation ,approach to constipation in children ,constipation in infants
Pancreatitis is an inflammatory condition of the pancreas. Two major forms : acute pancreatitis (is reversible) and chronic pancreatitis(is irreversible).
Objectives:
- Most probable diagnosis? Based on which information from the case study?
- Which diagnostic tests would you perform?
- What information do you provide these parents about therapy and prognosis?
prdiatrics notes, croup, upper respiratoty track infection
to download this presentation from this link
https://mohmmed-ink.blogspot.com/2020/11/pediatrics-notes-croup.html
Diarrhea is a condition characterized by frequent and watery bowel movements. It can be caused by various factors, such as infections, medications, food intolerance, intestinal disorders, or radiation therapy. Diarrhea can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and malnutrition if not treated properly.
The pathophysiology of diarrhea involves different mechanisms that affect the normal absorption and secretion of water and electrolytes in the gastrointestinal tract. These mechanisms include:
Osmotic diarrhea: This occurs when nonabsorbable substances, such as lactose or sorbitol, draw water into the lumen of the intestine, creating an osmotic gradient. This type of diarrhea stops when the offending substance is removed from the diet or the intestine.
Secretory diarrhea: This occurs when the intestinal mucosa secretes excessive amounts of fluid and electrolytes into the lumen, due to bacterial toxins, hormones, drugs, or inflammatory mediators. This type of diarrhea persists even when the patient is fasting or has no oral intake.
Inflammatory diarrhea: This occurs when the intestinal mucosa is damaged by infection, inflammation, or ischemia, resulting in impaired absorption, increased permeability, and loss of blood and protein. This type of diarrhea is often accompanied by fever, abdominal pain, and bloody or mucus stools.
Malabsorption diarrhea: This occurs when the intestinal mucosa is unable to digest or absorb nutrients, such as fat, carbohydrates, or bile salts, due to enzyme deficiency, bacterial overgrowth, celiac disease, or surgical resection. This type of diarrhea is often associated with steatorrhea (fatty stools), weight loss, and nutritional deficiencies.
The management of diarrhea depends on the underlying cause, severity, and duration of the condition. The general principles of management include:
Rehydration: This is the most important aspect of management, as dehydration can be life-threatening in severe cases. Oral rehydration solutions (ORS) are preferred over plain water or other fluids, as they contain optimal amounts of glucose and electrolytes to facilitate water absorption and prevent electrolyte imbalance. Intravenous fluids may be required in cases of severe dehydration or shock.
For further reading on diarrhea, you can read my slides.
constipation in children , pediatric constipation , management of constipation in children , understanding constipation , causes of constipation in children , functional constipation in children , treatment of constipation ,approach to constipation in children ,constipation in infants
Pancreatitis is an inflammatory condition of the pancreas. Two major forms : acute pancreatitis (is reversible) and chronic pancreatitis(is irreversible).
Objectives:
- Most probable diagnosis? Based on which information from the case study?
- Which diagnostic tests would you perform?
- What information do you provide these parents about therapy and prognosis?
prdiatrics notes, croup, upper respiratoty track infection
to download this presentation from this link
https://mohmmed-ink.blogspot.com/2020/11/pediatrics-notes-croup.html
Diarrhea is a condition characterized by frequent and watery bowel movements. It can be caused by various factors, such as infections, medications, food intolerance, intestinal disorders, or radiation therapy. Diarrhea can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and malnutrition if not treated properly.
The pathophysiology of diarrhea involves different mechanisms that affect the normal absorption and secretion of water and electrolytes in the gastrointestinal tract. These mechanisms include:
Osmotic diarrhea: This occurs when nonabsorbable substances, such as lactose or sorbitol, draw water into the lumen of the intestine, creating an osmotic gradient. This type of diarrhea stops when the offending substance is removed from the diet or the intestine.
Secretory diarrhea: This occurs when the intestinal mucosa secretes excessive amounts of fluid and electrolytes into the lumen, due to bacterial toxins, hormones, drugs, or inflammatory mediators. This type of diarrhea persists even when the patient is fasting or has no oral intake.
Inflammatory diarrhea: This occurs when the intestinal mucosa is damaged by infection, inflammation, or ischemia, resulting in impaired absorption, increased permeability, and loss of blood and protein. This type of diarrhea is often accompanied by fever, abdominal pain, and bloody or mucus stools.
Malabsorption diarrhea: This occurs when the intestinal mucosa is unable to digest or absorb nutrients, such as fat, carbohydrates, or bile salts, due to enzyme deficiency, bacterial overgrowth, celiac disease, or surgical resection. This type of diarrhea is often associated with steatorrhea (fatty stools), weight loss, and nutritional deficiencies.
The management of diarrhea depends on the underlying cause, severity, and duration of the condition. The general principles of management include:
Rehydration: This is the most important aspect of management, as dehydration can be life-threatening in severe cases. Oral rehydration solutions (ORS) are preferred over plain water or other fluids, as they contain optimal amounts of glucose and electrolytes to facilitate water absorption and prevent electrolyte imbalance. Intravenous fluids may be required in cases of severe dehydration or shock.
For further reading on diarrhea, you can read my slides.
Sakit maag merupakan suatu kumpulan gejala disebabkan gangguan pada saluran pencernaan terutama pada organ lambung atau usus halus. Banyak kondisi ataupun penyakit yang dapat menimbulkan sakit maag pada seorang pasien. Maag sering kali disebut juga sakit lambung pada kalangan masyarakat.
2. Apakah yang menyebabkan terjadinya
penyakit ini?
• Penyakit ini dipercayai
disebabkan oleh
ketidakseimbangan
kandungan asid dan pepsin
di dalam usus.
• Pengeluaran asid yang
berlebihan menyebabkan
terjadinya ulser.
3. Apakah faktor yang mempengaruhi penyakit
ini?
Punca-punca lain Gastrik:
a) Penggunaan kerap ubat penahan sakit
bagi melegakan kesakitan tertentu
seperti aspirin, ibuprofen dan naproxen
b) Pengambilan alkohol yang berlebihan
c) Pengambilan Kokain
d) Merokok
e) Stres
g) Penyakit Crohn
4. • Radiasi dan kemoterapi
• Makan atau minum bahan-bahan
menghakis seperti racun
• Pengaliran semula hempedu ke
dalam perut
• Rembesan asid gastrik yang
berlebihan
• Jangkitan kuman/parasit,
terutamanya di kalangan mereka
yang lemah sistem ketahanan
badannya.
• Lain-lain masalah perubatan
seperti HIV/AIDS, penyakit buah
pinggang.
5. Tanda-tanda Gastrik
Pesakit akan mengalami satu atau lebih tanda-tanda
di bawah ini:
• sakit perut dan rasa tidak hadam makan. Sakit
perut selalunya dirasai di bahagian atas perut
• rasa pening kepala.
• mengalami angin. Terasa sakit di bahagian ulu hati.
Sendawa dan kentut yang kerap.
• muntah.
• badan rasa lemah lesu.
• berat badan menurun.
• najis menjadi hitam atau gelap (kerana ia sebati
dengan darah).
6. Pencegahan dan Rawatan
Langkah-langkah untuk melegakan penyakit ulser perut ini
termasuklah:
• Makan dengan kerap. Ambil makanan ringan antara makan
utama. Ini untuk mengelakkan perut daripada kosong.
• rehat yang lebih.
• jauhkan daripada perkara-perkara yang boleh mempengaruhi
terjadinya atau memburukkan lagi ulser (sila rujuk di atas).
• pengambilan makanan yang mengandungi sulfur seperti
bawang putih, kobis, brocolli harus ditambah. Sulfur
membentuk glutathione yang melindungi lapisan perut.
• ambil vitamin C 100mg untuk mengurangkan kandungan
nitrosamines yang boleh menyebabkan kaser perut.
• tambahkan zink dalam pemakanan untuk proses
penyembuhan.
• pengambilan probiotik (bakteria baik) hendaklah diamalkan.
