Tunnel ventilation ppt tunnel asia 2013Hitesh Khanna
THis presentation deals with Tunnel Ventilation concepts, with special reference to T80, India's longest transportation tunnel across Pir Panjal range, connecting Jammu region to Kashmir valley
Analysis of turbocharger performance for jet assisted vertical takeoff and la...Ijrdt Journal
This paper gives a brief analysis on the performance parameters of a Turbocharger, by fabricating a separate combustion chamber and mocking the working of a jet engine. Parameters such as variation of specific heat, dimensionless flow parameters, variation of turbulence, conductivity, thrust developed etc are studied using simulation of the model, and compared with the actual working of the prototype. It can be conveniently proposed from the experiment that turbocharger can be used effectively for developing vertical take-off assist.
The steam power plant is an important source to produce the electricity. The major portion of electricity demand is fulfilled by this power plant. It is also called a thermal power plant. It provides the electricity required to different areas. In this article we will study the construction, working, efficiency, advantages, and disadvantages of steam power plants It is the power plant which is used to generate electricity by the use of steam turbine. The major components of these power plants are boiler, steam turbine, condenser, and water feed pump.
Philippe ANGLARET, the VP Business Development for Alstom Nuclear, presented the Turbine Island with its different characteristics and very impressive pictures.
Tunnel ventilation ppt tunnel asia 2013Hitesh Khanna
THis presentation deals with Tunnel Ventilation concepts, with special reference to T80, India's longest transportation tunnel across Pir Panjal range, connecting Jammu region to Kashmir valley
Analysis of turbocharger performance for jet assisted vertical takeoff and la...Ijrdt Journal
This paper gives a brief analysis on the performance parameters of a Turbocharger, by fabricating a separate combustion chamber and mocking the working of a jet engine. Parameters such as variation of specific heat, dimensionless flow parameters, variation of turbulence, conductivity, thrust developed etc are studied using simulation of the model, and compared with the actual working of the prototype. It can be conveniently proposed from the experiment that turbocharger can be used effectively for developing vertical take-off assist.
The steam power plant is an important source to produce the electricity. The major portion of electricity demand is fulfilled by this power plant. It is also called a thermal power plant. It provides the electricity required to different areas. In this article we will study the construction, working, efficiency, advantages, and disadvantages of steam power plants It is the power plant which is used to generate electricity by the use of steam turbine. The major components of these power plants are boiler, steam turbine, condenser, and water feed pump.
Philippe ANGLARET, the VP Business Development for Alstom Nuclear, presented the Turbine Island with its different characteristics and very impressive pictures.
It is my pleasure to present a welcome speech for event of the Annual Sports Day. I believe that everyone present here is doing good and are super excited about today’s Sports day. For good physical fitness and strength, sport is an integral part of life. Sports make our life interesting, teach us to work hard and push our limits to reach a new high. Sports teach discipline, respect, friendship, leadership, resilience, teamwork and overcoming adversity. It is my pleasure to present a welcome speech for event of the Annual Sports Day. I believe that everyone present here is doing good and are super excited about today’s Sports day. For good physical fitness and strength, sport is an integral part of life. Sports make our life interesting, teach us to work hard and push our limits to reach a new high. Sports teach discipline, respect, friendship, leadership, resilience, teamwork and overcoming adversity. It is my pleasure to present a welcome speech for event of the Annual Sports Day. I believe that everyone present here is doing good and are super excited about today’s Sports day. For good physical fitness and strength, sport is an integral part of life. Sports make our life interesting, teach us to work hard and push our limits to reach a new high. Sports teach discipline, respect, friendship, leadership, resilience, teamwork and overcoming adversity. It is my pleasure to present a welcome speech for event of the Annual Sports Day. I believe that everyone present here is doing good and are super excited about today’s Sports day. For good physical fitness and strength, sport is an integral part of life. Sports make our life interesting, teach us to work hard and push our limits to reach a new high. Sports teach discipline, respect, friendship, leadership, resilience, teamwork and overcoming adversity. It is my pleasure to present a welcome speech for event of the Annual Sports Day. I believe that everyone present here is doing good and are super excited about today’s Sports day. For good physical fitness and strength, sport is an integral part of life. Sports make our life interesting, teach us to work hard and push our limits to reach a new high. Sports teach discipline, respect, friendship, leadership, resilience, teamwork and overcoming adversity. It is my pleasure to present a welcome speech for event of the Annual Sports Day. I believe that everyone present here is doing good and are super excited about today’s Sports day. For good physical fitness and strength, sport is an integral part of life. Sports make our life interesting, teach us to work hard and push our limits to reach a new high. Sports teach discipline, respect, friendship, leadership, resilience, teamwork and overcoming adversity. It is my pleasure to present a welcome speech for event of the Annual Sports Day. I believe that everyone present here is doing good and are super excited about today’s Sports day. For good physical fitness and strength, sport is an integral
The paper is about utilizing the exhaust heat energy which is produced from the internal combustion engine of the vehicle to generate electricity by means turbine rotation. This system also helps to improve the performance, efficiency and emissions of the internal combustion engine.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Performance evaluation and flame stabilization of stagnation point reverse fl...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The conventional gas turbine engines use straight flow combustors. The reverse-flow layout effectively uses the air flow to cool down the combustor liner and the transition piece as a counter flow heat exchanging process. The absorbed heat by the air is returned back to the system. The reverse flow configuration causes the flow to stagnate and hot products to reverse and leave the combustor.
One of the major challenges facing designers of low NOx emission combustion systems is flame stability, as the weaker combustion process is more vulnerable to small perturbations in combustor operating conditions. Since further reduction of NOx will likely require even leaner mixtures, schemes for lean stability extension must be considered. Stability can be dependent on the balance between flow and flame propagation velocities. In combustors where combustion is limited by reaction rates, however practical combustors do not operate in either limit. To stabilize a flame in the desired region of interest, various stabilization methodologies are adopted that either enhance the flame propagation speeds or create zones with low velocities where a flame can be sustained for inspection of premixed flame stability in Stagnation Point Reverse Flow combustor model, using Computational Fluid dynamics(CFD). The CFD analysis yielded the results which go with actual experimental results.
Keywords: combustor, stagnation, flame stability, reverse flow, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) etc..
LES Analysis on Confined Swirling Flow in a Gas Turbine Swirl BurnerROSHAN SAH
This presentation describes a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) investigation into flow fields in a model gas turbine combustor equipped with a swirl burner. A probability density function was used to describe the interaction physics of chemical reaction and turbulent flow as liquid fuel was directly injected into the combustion chamber and rapidly mixed with the swirling air. Simulation results showed that heat release during combustion accelerated the axial velocity motion and made the recirculation zone more compact
Fossil fuel consumption in the recent years has been increasing and the burning of fossil fuel is said to be a major contributor towards global warming, acid rains, air, water and soil pollution, forest devastation and radioactive substances emissions. Besides the environment, the fossil fuel prices fluctuate considerably, usually going up and being very expensive in many countries.
Most importantly, the quantity of fossil fuels, like petroleum,natural gas, and coal can only decrease since they are non-renewable resources.
As a result many countries have been investing billions of dollars in new technologies and demand for sophisticated power supply options is greatly increased.
In a typical developed country as much as 40% of total fuel consumption is used for industrial and domestic space heating and process heating. Of this around one third is wasted.
Currently recovering low temperature heat which includes Industrial waste heat, geothermal energy, solar heat, biomass and so on could be a very critical and sustainable way to solve energy crisis. Utilising waste heats along with attempts for the use of renewable sources as low grade thermal heat has motivated us to develop a project based on ORC.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
It is my pleasure to present a welcome speech for event of the Annual Sports Day. I believe that everyone present here is doing good and are super excited about today’s Sports day. For good physical fitness and strength, sport is an integral part of life. Sports make our life interesting, teach us to work hard and push our limits to reach a new high. Sports teach discipline, respect, friendship, leadership, resilience, teamwork and overcoming adversity. It is my pleasure to present a welcome speech for event of the Annual Sports Day. I believe that everyone present here is doing good and are super excited about today’s Sports day. For good physical fitness and strength, sport is an integral part of life. Sports make our life interesting, teach us to work hard and push our limits to reach a new high. Sports teach discipline, respect, friendship, leadership, resilience, teamwork and overcoming adversity. It is my pleasure to present a welcome speech for event of the Annual Sports Day. I believe that everyone present here is doing good and are super excited about today’s Sports day. For good physical fitness and strength, sport is an integral part of life. Sports make our life interesting, teach us to work hard and push our limits to reach a new high. Sports teach discipline, respect, friendship, leadership, resilience, teamwork and overcoming adversity. It is my pleasure to present a welcome speech for event of the Annual Sports Day. I believe that everyone present here is doing good and are super excited about today’s Sports day. For good physical fitness and strength, sport is an integral part of life. Sports make our life interesting, teach us to work hard and push our limits to reach a new high. Sports teach discipline, respect, friendship, leadership, resilience, teamwork and overcoming adversity. It is my pleasure to present a welcome speech for event of the Annual Sports Day. I believe that everyone present here is doing good and are super excited about today’s Sports day. For good physical fitness and strength, sport is an integral part of life. Sports make our life interesting, teach us to work hard and push our limits to reach a new high. Sports teach discipline, respect, friendship, leadership, resilience, teamwork and overcoming adversity. It is my pleasure to present a welcome speech for event of the Annual Sports Day. I believe that everyone present here is doing good and are super excited about today’s Sports day. For good physical fitness and strength, sport is an integral part of life. Sports make our life interesting, teach us to work hard and push our limits to reach a new high. Sports teach discipline, respect, friendship, leadership, resilience, teamwork and overcoming adversity. It is my pleasure to present a welcome speech for event of the Annual Sports Day. I believe that everyone present here is doing good and are super excited about today’s Sports day. For good physical fitness and strength, sport is an integral
The paper is about utilizing the exhaust heat energy which is produced from the internal combustion engine of the vehicle to generate electricity by means turbine rotation. This system also helps to improve the performance, efficiency and emissions of the internal combustion engine.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Performance evaluation and flame stabilization of stagnation point reverse fl...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The conventional gas turbine engines use straight flow combustors. The reverse-flow layout effectively uses the air flow to cool down the combustor liner and the transition piece as a counter flow heat exchanging process. The absorbed heat by the air is returned back to the system. The reverse flow configuration causes the flow to stagnate and hot products to reverse and leave the combustor.
One of the major challenges facing designers of low NOx emission combustion systems is flame stability, as the weaker combustion process is more vulnerable to small perturbations in combustor operating conditions. Since further reduction of NOx will likely require even leaner mixtures, schemes for lean stability extension must be considered. Stability can be dependent on the balance between flow and flame propagation velocities. In combustors where combustion is limited by reaction rates, however practical combustors do not operate in either limit. To stabilize a flame in the desired region of interest, various stabilization methodologies are adopted that either enhance the flame propagation speeds or create zones with low velocities where a flame can be sustained for inspection of premixed flame stability in Stagnation Point Reverse Flow combustor model, using Computational Fluid dynamics(CFD). The CFD analysis yielded the results which go with actual experimental results.
Keywords: combustor, stagnation, flame stability, reverse flow, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) etc..
LES Analysis on Confined Swirling Flow in a Gas Turbine Swirl BurnerROSHAN SAH
This presentation describes a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) investigation into flow fields in a model gas turbine combustor equipped with a swirl burner. A probability density function was used to describe the interaction physics of chemical reaction and turbulent flow as liquid fuel was directly injected into the combustion chamber and rapidly mixed with the swirling air. Simulation results showed that heat release during combustion accelerated the axial velocity motion and made the recirculation zone more compact
Fossil fuel consumption in the recent years has been increasing and the burning of fossil fuel is said to be a major contributor towards global warming, acid rains, air, water and soil pollution, forest devastation and radioactive substances emissions. Besides the environment, the fossil fuel prices fluctuate considerably, usually going up and being very expensive in many countries.
Most importantly, the quantity of fossil fuels, like petroleum,natural gas, and coal can only decrease since they are non-renewable resources.
As a result many countries have been investing billions of dollars in new technologies and demand for sophisticated power supply options is greatly increased.
In a typical developed country as much as 40% of total fuel consumption is used for industrial and domestic space heating and process heating. Of this around one third is wasted.
Currently recovering low temperature heat which includes Industrial waste heat, geothermal energy, solar heat, biomass and so on could be a very critical and sustainable way to solve energy crisis. Utilising waste heats along with attempts for the use of renewable sources as low grade thermal heat has motivated us to develop a project based on ORC.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
TOP 10 B TECH COLLEGES IN JAIPUR 2024.pptxnikitacareer3
Looking for the best engineering colleges in Jaipur for 2024?
Check out our list of the top 10 B.Tech colleges to help you make the right choice for your future career!
1) MNIT
2) MANIPAL UNIV
3) LNMIIT
4) NIMS UNIV
5) JECRC
6) VIVEKANANDA GLOBAL UNIV
7) BIT JAIPUR
8) APEX UNIV
9) AMITY UNIV.
10) JNU
TO KNOW MORE ABOUT COLLEGES, FEES AND PLACEMENT, WATCH THE FULL VIDEO GIVEN BELOW ON "TOP 10 B TECH COLLEGES IN JAIPUR"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSNje0MBh7g
VISIT CAREER MANTRA PORTAL TO KNOW MORE ABOUT COLLEGES/UNIVERSITITES in Jaipur:
https://careermantra.net/colleges/3378/Jaipur/b-tech
Get all the information you need to plan your next steps in your medical career with Career Mantra!
https://careermantra.net/
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Tutorial for 16S rRNA Gene Analysis with QIIME2.pdf
Gas Turbine -AKushari.ppt
1. Gas Turbine Combustion
and Power Generation
Dr. A. Kushari
Department of Aerospace Engineering
IIT, Kanpur
PROPULSION LAB, DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGG.
2. Outline
• Introduction
• Advantages and Disadvantages
• Future Requirements
• Gas Turbine Combustors
• Ongoing Research
• Conclusions
• Acknowledgement
IIT, Kanpur
PROPULSION LAB, DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGG.
3. TURBINES: Machines to extract fluid
power from flowing fluids
Steam
Turbine
Water
Turbines
Gas
Turbines
Wind
Turbines
Aircraft Engines
Power Generation
•High Pressure, High Temperature gas
•Generated inside the engine
•Expands through a specially designed TURBINE
IIT, Kanpur
PROPULSION LAB, DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGG.
4. GAS TURBINES
• Invented in 1930 by Frank Whittle
• Patented in 1934
• First used for aircraft propulsion in 1942 on Me262 by
Germans during second world war
• Currently most of the aircrafts and ships use GT engines
• Used for power generation
• Manufacturers: General Electric, Pratt &Whitney,
SNECMA, Rolls Royce, Honeywell, Siemens –
Westinghouse, Alstom
• Indian take: Kaveri Engine by GTRE (DRDO)
IIT, Kanpur
PROPULSION LAB, DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGG.
5. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
• Intake
– Slow down incoming air
– Remove distortions
• Compressor
– Dynamically Compress air
• Combustor
– Heat addition through
chemical reaction
• Turbine
– Run the compressor
• Nozzle/ Free Turbine
– Generation of thrust
power/shaft power
IIT, Kanpur
PROPULSION LAB, DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGG.
6. Advantages and Disadvantages
• Great power-to-
weight ratio
compared to
reciprocating engines.
• Smaller than their
reciprocating
counterparts of the
same power.
• Lower emission
levels
• Expensive:
– high speeds and high operating
temperatures
– designing and manufacturing
gas turbines is a tough problem
from both the engineering and
materials standpoint
• Tend to use more fuel when
they are idling
• They prefer a constant rather
than a fluctuating load.
That makes gas turbines great for things like transcontinental jet aircraft and
power plants, but explains why we don't have one under the hood of our car.
IIT, Kanpur
PROPULSION LAB, DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGG.
7. Emission in Gas Turbines
•Lower emission compared to all conventional methods (except nuclear)
•Regulations require further reduction in emission levels
IIT, Kanpur
PROPULSION LAB, DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGG.
8. Needs for Future Gas Turbines
• Power Generation
– Fuel Economy
– Low Emissions
– Alternative fuels
• Military Aircrafts
– High Thrust
– Low Weight
• Commercial Aircrafts
– Low emissions
– High Thrust
– Low Weight
– Fuel Economy
Half the size and twice the thrust
Double the size of the Aircraft
and double the distance traveled
with 50% NOx
IIT, Kanpur
PROPULSION LAB, DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGG.
9. Gas Turbine Combustion
F/A – 0.01
Combustion efficiency : 98%
IIT, Kanpur
PROPULSION LAB, DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGG.
10. Ongoing Research
• Effect of inlet disturbances
• Combustion in recirculating flows
• Spray Combustion
IIT, Kanpur
PROPULSION LAB, DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGG.
11. Effect of Inlet Disturbance
Tunable inlet to create weak disturbance of
varying frequency
Bluff body stabilized flame
Unsteady pressure and heat release
measurement
IIT, Kanpur
PROPULSION LAB, DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGG.
12. Pressure Amplitude variation
= 0.2211 L = 20 cm
•Pressure oscillations increases
with decreasing length
•Dominant frequency 27 Hz
•Acoustic frequency 827 Hz
IIT, Kanpur
PROPULSION LAB, DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGG.
13. Pressure and Heat Release
80
130
180
230
280
330
10 15 20 25 30
Length of Inlet (cm)
Prms
(pascal)
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
Phase
angle
(degree)
Prms Phase angle
Less damping with increasing
length
Causes the rise is pressure
fluctuations
IIT, Kanpur
PROPULSION LAB, DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGG.
14. 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
10 15 20 25 30
Length of Inlet (cm)
frequency
(Hz)
110
112
114
116
118
120
122
124
SPL
(Db)
Frequency Amplitude
3.0 /
a
m g s
, = 0.3455
Low Frequency Variation with Inlet
Length
IIT, Kanpur
PROPULSION LAB, DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGG.
15. Variation of Dominant Frequency with Inlet Velocity
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
Mean Inlet Velocity (m/s)
Frequency
(Hz)
Measured
Calulated (St = 0.171)
*
s
f D
St
U
St = 0.171 (60 deg cone)
0.171*
0.02
s
U
f
Dominant Frequency governed by vortex
dynamics
Feed back locking of flow instability and
combustion process
Phase relationship leads to
enhancement of combustion oscillations
IIT, Kanpur
PROPULSION LAB, DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGG.
16. Ongoing Research
• Effect of inlet disturbances
• Combustion in recirculating flows
• Spray Combustion
IIT, Kanpur
PROPULSION LAB, DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGG.
17. Recirculating Flow Dynamics
• Primary zone
• Fuel air mixing
• Intense combustion
• Short combustion length
• High turbulence
• Fuel rich combustion
Understanding recirculating flow dynamics
Time scales
Pressure transients
Energy cascading
Combustion in recirculating flows
Droplet Flow interaction
IIT, Kanpur
PROPULSION LAB, DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGG.
18. Image Processing
Filtered out image from the noises Grayscale image
Intensity image Simulation results
IIT, Kanpur
PROPULSION LAB, DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGG.
19. Vortex Dynamics
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.55
0.6
2.33 3.33 4.33 5.33 6.33
Non-dimensional time
Non-dimentional
distance(L2/L)
of
second
vortex
to
the
inlet
of
the
combustor
0
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.01
2.33 3.33 4.33 5.33 6.33
Non-dimensional time
Ratio
of
the
second
vortex
aera
to
the
total
area
of
the
cold
flowfield
IIT, Kanpur
PROPULSION LAB, DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGG.
20. Transient Analysis
•Identification of signatures of re-circulation, turbulence and acoustics
through frequency domain analysis of pressure transients
•Turbulence energy cascading due to re-circulation
IIT, Kanpur
PROPULSION LAB, DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGG.
21. Combustion in Recirculating Flow
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56
Non-dimensional time
Non
-dimensional
flame
area
200
250
300
350
400
450
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Non-dimensional distance along the combustor diameter
Temperature
in
degree
centigrate
Time scale reduces, complete combustion, Good pattern factor
IIT, Kanpur
PROPULSION LAB, DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGG.
22. Ongoing Research
• Effect of inlet disturbances
• Combustion in recirculating flows
• Spray Combustion
–Needs and Challenges
–Controlled atomization
–Emissions in spray combustion
IIT, Kanpur
PROPULSION LAB, DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGG.
23. Spray Combustion: Issues
• Non-symmetrical spray flames and hot
streaks
– Serious damage to combustor liner
– Combustor exit temperature (pattern factor)
• Flame location, shape and pattern
• Emission Levels
IIT, Kanpur
PROPULSION LAB, DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGG.
24. Need for controlled atomization
– Big Drops => Longer Evaporation Time => Incomplete
Combustion => Unburned Hydrocarbons & Soot,
Reduced Efficiency
– Small Drops => Faster Evaporation and Mixing =>
Elongated Combustion Zone => More NOx
– Uniform size distribution for favorable pattern factor
• Reduced thermal loading on liner and turbine
– Reduced feedline coupling
IIT, Kanpur
PROPULSION LAB, DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGG.
25. Ongoing Research
• Effect of inlet disturbances
• Combustion in recirculating flows
• Spray Combustion
–Needs and Challenges
–Controlled atomization
–Emissions in spray combustion
IIT, Kanpur
PROPULSION LAB, DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGG.
26. Internally Mixed Swirl Atomizer
Good atomization with small
pressure drop
Both hollow-cone and solid cone
spray from same atomizer
(wide range of applications)
Possible to atomize very viscous
liquid
Self cleaning
Finer atomization at low flow rates
Less sensitive to manufacturing
defects
The liquid flow rate and atomization
quality can be controlled
Atomization of engine oil
IIT, Kanpur
PROPULSION LAB, DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGG.
28. Multi-head internally mixed atomizer
• Build to provide a throughput rate in excess to 0.5 LPM with a droplet
size in the range of 20-30 mm
y = 0.149x-0.9698
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
ALR
Liquid
Flow
Rate
(LPM)
5 psi
10 psi
15 psi
20 psi
25 psi
LIQUID SUPPLY PRESSURE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
ALR
D32
(mm)
5 psi
10 psi
15 psi
20 psi
25 psi
LIQUID SUPPLY PRESSURE
Flow rate independent of pressure
difference
Reduced feedline coupling
IIT, Kanpur
PROPULSION LAB, DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGG.
29. Ongoing Research
• Effect of inlet disturbances
• Combustion in recirculating flows
• Spray Combustion
–Needs and Challenges
–Controlled atomization
–Emissions in spray combustion
IIT, Kanpur
PROPULSION LAB, DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGG.
30. Emissions in spray flames
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3
Nox
(ppm)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
NOx
Theory
(ppm)
Exp
NOX (Theory)
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Radial Distance from Center Line (cm)
Sauter
Mean
Diameter
(
m
m)
z=5mm z=10mm
z=20mm z=35mm
Distance from Flame Holder
•Measured values quite less
compared to the theoretical
predictions
•Inherent fuel staging reduces the
NOx
•Longer flame => less NOx
IIT, Kanpur
PROPULSION LAB, DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGG.
31. Conclusions
• Disturbances can lead to combustion
oscillations
• Recirculating flow helps in reducing
disturbances
• Controlled Atomization can be achieved
through air-assisting
• Spray combustion reduces NOx emissions
through fuel staging
IIT, Kanpur
PROPULSION LAB, DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGG.
32. Acknowledgements
• M. S. Rawat
• S. K. Gupta
• S. Pandey
• P. Berman
• J. Karnawat
• S. Karmakar
• N. P. Yadav
• S. Nigam
• R. Sailaja
• M. Madanmohan
• Dr. K. Ramamurthi
• LPSC (ISRO)
• CFEES (DRDO)
IIT, Kanpur
PROPULSION LAB, DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGG.