This document discusses flare technology and applications. It begins with an outline and defines a flare as safety equipment used to burn unwanted gases from oil, gas, and chemical plants. It notes that flares ensure safe combustion to prevent explosions. The document then discusses: the widespread use of flares globally; types of flares including utility, steam-assisted, air-assisted, and multi-point ground flares; factors that influence flare design and performance such as gas composition and flow rates; and issues with flaring including emissions and strategies to minimize flaring.
The Vertical Emulsion Treater is designed to provide heating, degassing, and dehydration of crude oil in a single efficient system. It uses a reversible firetube to provide controlled separation with heat retention baffling. Separated water drops coalesce and settle to the bottom while oil rises and is removed from the top. Optional features include an external heat exchanger to preheat inlet fluid and reduce fuel consumption.
Fired heaters face challenges regarding safety, inefficient operations, asset sustainability, and operator skillset. Most fired heaters have low levels of control and lack instrumentation for measuring critical parameters like oxygen and carbon monoxide in the combustion chamber. This introduces safety risks and prevents optimization of air-to-fuel ratio for efficiency. Industry standards recommend continuous monitoring of combustibles in the radiant section to improve safety.
A short introduction to Gasification process and a brief description on various types of Gasifiers used in industries to obtain fuel and energy through this presentation.
References:-
1. http://www.enggcyclopedia.com/2012/01/types-gasifier/
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasification
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GkHKXz3VaFg
4. https://www.google.co.in/
The document discusses different types of burners and fire boxes used in glass and ceramic engineering. It covers grate firing systems, mechanical stokers, burner components, selection criteria for burners, and classifications of burners. Key aspects addressed include combustion materials, energy production in combustion chambers, and factors involved in burner and fire box setup and operation.
This document presents information on the cement manufacturing process and process optimization in the cement industry. It discusses the key stages in cement production, including crushing, raw material grinding, pyroprocessing in the kiln, clinker cooling, and cement grinding. It provides details on the chemical reactions that occur during pyroprocessing and describes factors that influence combustion in the kiln, such as primary and secondary air. The document also discusses parameters for optimizing processes like raw mix design, heat and mass balancing, and cooler efficiency. Maintaining proper raw meal composition, fineness, and other parameters can impact burnability, fuel consumption, and final clinker quality.
This document discusses flare technology and applications. It begins with an outline and defines a flare as safety equipment used to burn unwanted gases from oil, gas, and chemical plants. It notes that flares ensure safe combustion to prevent explosions. The document then discusses: the widespread use of flares globally; types of flares including utility, steam-assisted, air-assisted, and multi-point ground flares; factors that influence flare design and performance such as gas composition and flow rates; and issues with flaring including emissions and strategies to minimize flaring.
The Vertical Emulsion Treater is designed to provide heating, degassing, and dehydration of crude oil in a single efficient system. It uses a reversible firetube to provide controlled separation with heat retention baffling. Separated water drops coalesce and settle to the bottom while oil rises and is removed from the top. Optional features include an external heat exchanger to preheat inlet fluid and reduce fuel consumption.
Fired heaters face challenges regarding safety, inefficient operations, asset sustainability, and operator skillset. Most fired heaters have low levels of control and lack instrumentation for measuring critical parameters like oxygen and carbon monoxide in the combustion chamber. This introduces safety risks and prevents optimization of air-to-fuel ratio for efficiency. Industry standards recommend continuous monitoring of combustibles in the radiant section to improve safety.
A short introduction to Gasification process and a brief description on various types of Gasifiers used in industries to obtain fuel and energy through this presentation.
References:-
1. http://www.enggcyclopedia.com/2012/01/types-gasifier/
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasification
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GkHKXz3VaFg
4. https://www.google.co.in/
The document discusses different types of burners and fire boxes used in glass and ceramic engineering. It covers grate firing systems, mechanical stokers, burner components, selection criteria for burners, and classifications of burners. Key aspects addressed include combustion materials, energy production in combustion chambers, and factors involved in burner and fire box setup and operation.
This document presents information on the cement manufacturing process and process optimization in the cement industry. It discusses the key stages in cement production, including crushing, raw material grinding, pyroprocessing in the kiln, clinker cooling, and cement grinding. It provides details on the chemical reactions that occur during pyroprocessing and describes factors that influence combustion in the kiln, such as primary and secondary air. The document also discusses parameters for optimizing processes like raw mix design, heat and mass balancing, and cooler efficiency. Maintaining proper raw meal composition, fineness, and other parameters can impact burnability, fuel consumption, and final clinker quality.
The document describes a biomedical waste incinerator designed for disposal of hazardous medical waste. It has two chambers - a primary chamber that burns waste at 800°C and a secondary chamber that ensures complete combustion at 1050°C. The incinerator meets all regulatory standards with 99% combustion efficiency and less than 0.01% volatile organic compounds in ash. It is available in sizes that can burn 20-200kg/hr of waste and features automatic controls and safety devices.
AIChE Smart Stack Damper Design Provides Better Control of Fired HeatersAshutosh Garg
Stack dampers are one of the insignificant yet important component of fired heaters in the refining industry. Over 90% of the heaters in the USA are natural draft and are dependent upon the draft for efficient combustion of fuel gas with air. Stack dampers currently installed are highly oversized and are not able to control draft effectively. Furnace Improvements patent pending design overcomes these limitations and improves the damper control significantly by installing multiple actuators and changing the control characteristics of the dampers.
Heaters are used in refineries to raise the temperature of process fluids. There are different types of heaters classified by design and firing method. Key components include tubes, burners, and sections for convection and radiation. Proper draft, excess air, and complete combustion are important for safe and efficient operation. Regular checks help ensure heaters are functioning properly and identify any issues.
Furnace Improvements provides low-cost solutions for improving fired heaters and boilers. They have over 15 years of experience and 40 professionals with over 300 years combined experience. Their services include revamping, capacity increase, efficiency improvement, NOx reduction, and heater design. They have successfully completed over 200 projects for clients in refineries and petrochemical plants. Their patented technologies include split flow technology and inclined firing systems to improve heater performance.
Furnace oil and bio-LDO were compared and furnace oil was found to have higher viscosity, ash content, carbon residue and sulfur content compared to bio-LDO. Adding an additive like SK-5L to furnace oil can reduce viscosity and sulfur levels, allowing it to be used as a replacement for bio-LDO. Suggestions to improve furnace oil combustion efficiency include emulsification with water, replacing the pressure pump with a gear pump, and using an electromagnetic valve for more precise fuel delivery. Furnace oil use could lower fuel costs by Rs. 241.6 per hour compared to bio-LDO.
This document discusses new technologies in process heating. It covers combustion technologies for fossil fuels and biomass, as well as biomass boiler designs. Challenges in biomass combustion include low density fuel with high moisture and emissions. New combustion technologies aim to improve efficiency, reduce emissions, and be compact and cost-effective. Computational tools like CFD and FEA are helping develop new products and solve design problems. Condensing technology allows recovering latent heat to boost efficiencies above 100%, but introduces material challenges.
Monitoring and interpreting of insitu combustionGowtham Dada
This document discusses using carbon isotope analysis to monitor and interpret in situ combustion processes. It provides background on in situ combustion, carbon isotopes, and carbon isotope analysis. Different carbon isotope values are expected from various combustion reactions. Field data and combustion tube experiments can be interpreted using carbon isotope signatures to understand the temperature of reactions and identify communication between injectors and producers. Carbon isotope analysis is a useful tool when combined with gas analysis to distinguish reaction sources and burning characteristics during in situ combustion.
Overview biomass ash in gasification systemcakbentra
Biomass gasification was initially used commercially in the 1940s and saw increased interest over the last 20 years as a renewable energy technology. There are several types of biomass gasifiers including fixed bed, fluidized bed, and entrained flow gasifiers, which vary in size and operating conditions. Major challenges for biomass gasification include ash agglomeration, fouling of heat exchangers, particulate and contaminant removal from the syngas, and proper utilization or disposal of solid residues.
This document provides details about the liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cylinder manufacturing process. It discusses that LPG cylinders are made of special steel and manufactured through various stages including calculating thickness, prototype testing, and quality tests before certification. The key stages are designing the cylinder thickness based on shape and standards, producing prototypes, and conducting acceptance, burst, leak and other tests to ensure safety before cylinders receive Bureau of Indian Standards certification for market use.
This document provides guidance on how to write effective specifications for fired heaters to enable vendor engineers to design heaters better suited for process operations. It outlines many key parameters and considerations that should be specified, such as fluid properties, heat duties, fuel properties, contaminants, temperatures, materials, instrumentation, and more. Specifying these details carefully can help avoid inefficient energy use and downtime by ensuring the heater design is optimized for the specific application and operating conditions.
This document provides information about biogas and LPG gas installation. It discusses the different types of biogas plants, including fixed dome, floating drum, and plastic covered ditch plants. It also describes how LPG is sourced and transferred through cylinders or pipe networks to destinations. Key parts of an LPG pipe network include the workpit, meter, regulator, fuel line, and valves. The meter must be located outside, usually on the front wall, while biogas and LPG cylinder installations are typically placed at the rear of premises.
This document discusses biomass gasification. It describes two main types of gasifiers - updraft and downdraft. Updraft gasifiers have fuel flowing downward and air/gas flowing upward, separating zones for drying, pyrolysis, combustion, and reduction. Downdraft gasifiers have fuel entering from the top and air/gas flowing downward, with pyrolysis above combustion which is above reduction. Biomass gasification converts biomass into a gaseous fuel through partial combustion and has advantages like utilizing waste and providing an alternative to fossil fuels while reducing emissions. However, it also has disadvantages like high capital costs and potential tar production.
Biomass gasification involves the partial oxidation of biomass at high temperatures to produce a combustible gas mixture known as syngas. There are two main types of gasifiers - fixed bed and fluidized bed. Fixed bed gasifiers include updraft, downdraft, and crossdraft varieties which differ in how biomass and air/steam move through the reactor. Fluidized bed gasifiers suspend biomass particles in an upward-flowing stream of air/steam. Syngas must be conditioned through cooling, cleaning, and tar/pollutant removal before use. While biomass gasification provides renewable energy with fewer emissions than fossil fuels, it also faces challenges with process complexity, sensitivity, and fuel quality requirements
Gasification process for generating producer gas by updraft, downdraft etc. and advantage and disadvantages of gasifier and application of producer gas for generating electricity or motive power for running the engine.
Oil Cum gas Fired Boilers (Except Small size in Oil fired ) are three pass wet pack, horizontal, smoke tube type fusion welded. Boiler are made to IBR / DIN / BS / ASME code.Components are Engineered for maximum safety, Highest Efficiency, dependability and quite operation. Wet back Models eliminate rear end refractory and its inherent maintenance cost,reduces stress of rear tube sheet and ligament cracking, radiant heat is eliminated, lengthening tube life and reducing heat loss from rear turn around.
1. Fully wet - back design effectively absorbs radiant heat into the water, keeping tube ends and rear of coiler cooler than in dry back design.
2. Three passes extract maximum useble heat from the fuel.
3. Large water - surrounded furnace tube assures complete combustion and heat absorption without flame impingement.
CONSTRUCTION
ENERGYPACK Boilers are three pass wet back, horizontal, smoke tube type fusion welded. Boilers
are made to IBR/DIN/BS/ASME-code. Components are engineered for maximum safety, highest
efficiency, dependability and quiet operation. Wet back models eliminate rear end refractory and its
inherent maintenance cost, reduces stress of rear tube sheet and ligament cracking, radiant heat is
eliminated, lengthening tube life and reducing heat loss from rear turnaround.
Unique design features
♦ Fully automatic pressure jet Burner – Boiler furnace design suitable for Imported Weishaupt/Reillo & Indian modulating burner.
♦ Efficiency enhancement – Optional accessories such as air preheater and economizer can be integrated with the main unit.
♦ Automation with Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) with Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system can also be offered at an extra cost. Standard boilers are supplied with fully automatic operation with safety interlocks & alarm.
The document discusses nitrogen injection as a method for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). It explains that primary methods extract only a portion of oil, while EOR methods can improve extraction efficiency. Nitrogen injection is an attractive EOR gas injection method as nitrogen is inexpensive, non-corrosive, and cryogenic air separation plants can be located near oil fields without needing pipelines. The use of nitrogen injection for EOR is growing for both onshore and offshore oil reservoirs.
Burner Design, Operation and Maintenance on Ammonia PlantsGerard B. Hawkins
The document discusses burner design, operation, and maintenance on ammonia plants. It covers reformer burner types and designs, including premix and staged burners. It also addresses combustion characteristics like excess air and fuel viscosity effects. Maintenance best practices like checking burner pressures and atomizing steam temperatures are emphasized. Low NOx equipment uses techniques like staged air, fuel, and flue gas recirculation to reduce emissions. Good combustion requires attention to design, operation, maintenance, and partnership among related roles.
Thermo Tech Engineering (TTE) is involved in manufacturing of industrial utility equipments and general fabrication. We offer complete waste heat recovery equipment Custom design fabrication installation and commissioning.
Case study on biomass gasification by shabaana me ftShahS11
This document presents a case study on biomass gasification. It provides background on biomass gasification, including that it is a process that converts solid biomass into a combustible gas through thermo-chemical reactions. It then details the specific case study conducted, which analyzed the thermoneutral points of downdraft gasification of rice husk at temperatures from 500-1000°C. The study found the reaction and process thermoneutral points, and analyzed gas composition and energy parameters at these points, both with and without a heat exchanger.
BIOMASS GASIFICATION,gasification and gasifier.
A slide about biomass gasification including brief description about thermo-chemical conversion process and applications
The document discusses Howden, a global organization that brings together the innovators of major compressor technologies. It summarizes Howden's expertise across compressor technologies including reciprocating, screw, centrifugal, and Roots compressors. Howden can advise on and supply compressors for any application based on over 160 years of experience in compressor engineering.
The document describes a biomedical waste incinerator designed for disposal of hazardous medical waste. It has two chambers - a primary chamber that burns waste at 800°C and a secondary chamber that ensures complete combustion at 1050°C. The incinerator meets all regulatory standards with 99% combustion efficiency and less than 0.01% volatile organic compounds in ash. It is available in sizes that can burn 20-200kg/hr of waste and features automatic controls and safety devices.
AIChE Smart Stack Damper Design Provides Better Control of Fired HeatersAshutosh Garg
Stack dampers are one of the insignificant yet important component of fired heaters in the refining industry. Over 90% of the heaters in the USA are natural draft and are dependent upon the draft for efficient combustion of fuel gas with air. Stack dampers currently installed are highly oversized and are not able to control draft effectively. Furnace Improvements patent pending design overcomes these limitations and improves the damper control significantly by installing multiple actuators and changing the control characteristics of the dampers.
Heaters are used in refineries to raise the temperature of process fluids. There are different types of heaters classified by design and firing method. Key components include tubes, burners, and sections for convection and radiation. Proper draft, excess air, and complete combustion are important for safe and efficient operation. Regular checks help ensure heaters are functioning properly and identify any issues.
Furnace Improvements provides low-cost solutions for improving fired heaters and boilers. They have over 15 years of experience and 40 professionals with over 300 years combined experience. Their services include revamping, capacity increase, efficiency improvement, NOx reduction, and heater design. They have successfully completed over 200 projects for clients in refineries and petrochemical plants. Their patented technologies include split flow technology and inclined firing systems to improve heater performance.
Furnace oil and bio-LDO were compared and furnace oil was found to have higher viscosity, ash content, carbon residue and sulfur content compared to bio-LDO. Adding an additive like SK-5L to furnace oil can reduce viscosity and sulfur levels, allowing it to be used as a replacement for bio-LDO. Suggestions to improve furnace oil combustion efficiency include emulsification with water, replacing the pressure pump with a gear pump, and using an electromagnetic valve for more precise fuel delivery. Furnace oil use could lower fuel costs by Rs. 241.6 per hour compared to bio-LDO.
This document discusses new technologies in process heating. It covers combustion technologies for fossil fuels and biomass, as well as biomass boiler designs. Challenges in biomass combustion include low density fuel with high moisture and emissions. New combustion technologies aim to improve efficiency, reduce emissions, and be compact and cost-effective. Computational tools like CFD and FEA are helping develop new products and solve design problems. Condensing technology allows recovering latent heat to boost efficiencies above 100%, but introduces material challenges.
Monitoring and interpreting of insitu combustionGowtham Dada
This document discusses using carbon isotope analysis to monitor and interpret in situ combustion processes. It provides background on in situ combustion, carbon isotopes, and carbon isotope analysis. Different carbon isotope values are expected from various combustion reactions. Field data and combustion tube experiments can be interpreted using carbon isotope signatures to understand the temperature of reactions and identify communication between injectors and producers. Carbon isotope analysis is a useful tool when combined with gas analysis to distinguish reaction sources and burning characteristics during in situ combustion.
Overview biomass ash in gasification systemcakbentra
Biomass gasification was initially used commercially in the 1940s and saw increased interest over the last 20 years as a renewable energy technology. There are several types of biomass gasifiers including fixed bed, fluidized bed, and entrained flow gasifiers, which vary in size and operating conditions. Major challenges for biomass gasification include ash agglomeration, fouling of heat exchangers, particulate and contaminant removal from the syngas, and proper utilization or disposal of solid residues.
This document provides details about the liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cylinder manufacturing process. It discusses that LPG cylinders are made of special steel and manufactured through various stages including calculating thickness, prototype testing, and quality tests before certification. The key stages are designing the cylinder thickness based on shape and standards, producing prototypes, and conducting acceptance, burst, leak and other tests to ensure safety before cylinders receive Bureau of Indian Standards certification for market use.
This document provides guidance on how to write effective specifications for fired heaters to enable vendor engineers to design heaters better suited for process operations. It outlines many key parameters and considerations that should be specified, such as fluid properties, heat duties, fuel properties, contaminants, temperatures, materials, instrumentation, and more. Specifying these details carefully can help avoid inefficient energy use and downtime by ensuring the heater design is optimized for the specific application and operating conditions.
This document provides information about biogas and LPG gas installation. It discusses the different types of biogas plants, including fixed dome, floating drum, and plastic covered ditch plants. It also describes how LPG is sourced and transferred through cylinders or pipe networks to destinations. Key parts of an LPG pipe network include the workpit, meter, regulator, fuel line, and valves. The meter must be located outside, usually on the front wall, while biogas and LPG cylinder installations are typically placed at the rear of premises.
This document discusses biomass gasification. It describes two main types of gasifiers - updraft and downdraft. Updraft gasifiers have fuel flowing downward and air/gas flowing upward, separating zones for drying, pyrolysis, combustion, and reduction. Downdraft gasifiers have fuel entering from the top and air/gas flowing downward, with pyrolysis above combustion which is above reduction. Biomass gasification converts biomass into a gaseous fuel through partial combustion and has advantages like utilizing waste and providing an alternative to fossil fuels while reducing emissions. However, it also has disadvantages like high capital costs and potential tar production.
Biomass gasification involves the partial oxidation of biomass at high temperatures to produce a combustible gas mixture known as syngas. There are two main types of gasifiers - fixed bed and fluidized bed. Fixed bed gasifiers include updraft, downdraft, and crossdraft varieties which differ in how biomass and air/steam move through the reactor. Fluidized bed gasifiers suspend biomass particles in an upward-flowing stream of air/steam. Syngas must be conditioned through cooling, cleaning, and tar/pollutant removal before use. While biomass gasification provides renewable energy with fewer emissions than fossil fuels, it also faces challenges with process complexity, sensitivity, and fuel quality requirements
Gasification process for generating producer gas by updraft, downdraft etc. and advantage and disadvantages of gasifier and application of producer gas for generating electricity or motive power for running the engine.
Oil Cum gas Fired Boilers (Except Small size in Oil fired ) are three pass wet pack, horizontal, smoke tube type fusion welded. Boiler are made to IBR / DIN / BS / ASME code.Components are Engineered for maximum safety, Highest Efficiency, dependability and quite operation. Wet back Models eliminate rear end refractory and its inherent maintenance cost,reduces stress of rear tube sheet and ligament cracking, radiant heat is eliminated, lengthening tube life and reducing heat loss from rear turn around.
1. Fully wet - back design effectively absorbs radiant heat into the water, keeping tube ends and rear of coiler cooler than in dry back design.
2. Three passes extract maximum useble heat from the fuel.
3. Large water - surrounded furnace tube assures complete combustion and heat absorption without flame impingement.
CONSTRUCTION
ENERGYPACK Boilers are three pass wet back, horizontal, smoke tube type fusion welded. Boilers
are made to IBR/DIN/BS/ASME-code. Components are engineered for maximum safety, highest
efficiency, dependability and quiet operation. Wet back models eliminate rear end refractory and its
inherent maintenance cost, reduces stress of rear tube sheet and ligament cracking, radiant heat is
eliminated, lengthening tube life and reducing heat loss from rear turnaround.
Unique design features
♦ Fully automatic pressure jet Burner – Boiler furnace design suitable for Imported Weishaupt/Reillo & Indian modulating burner.
♦ Efficiency enhancement – Optional accessories such as air preheater and economizer can be integrated with the main unit.
♦ Automation with Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) with Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system can also be offered at an extra cost. Standard boilers are supplied with fully automatic operation with safety interlocks & alarm.
The document discusses nitrogen injection as a method for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). It explains that primary methods extract only a portion of oil, while EOR methods can improve extraction efficiency. Nitrogen injection is an attractive EOR gas injection method as nitrogen is inexpensive, non-corrosive, and cryogenic air separation plants can be located near oil fields without needing pipelines. The use of nitrogen injection for EOR is growing for both onshore and offshore oil reservoirs.
Burner Design, Operation and Maintenance on Ammonia PlantsGerard B. Hawkins
The document discusses burner design, operation, and maintenance on ammonia plants. It covers reformer burner types and designs, including premix and staged burners. It also addresses combustion characteristics like excess air and fuel viscosity effects. Maintenance best practices like checking burner pressures and atomizing steam temperatures are emphasized. Low NOx equipment uses techniques like staged air, fuel, and flue gas recirculation to reduce emissions. Good combustion requires attention to design, operation, maintenance, and partnership among related roles.
Thermo Tech Engineering (TTE) is involved in manufacturing of industrial utility equipments and general fabrication. We offer complete waste heat recovery equipment Custom design fabrication installation and commissioning.
Case study on biomass gasification by shabaana me ftShahS11
This document presents a case study on biomass gasification. It provides background on biomass gasification, including that it is a process that converts solid biomass into a combustible gas through thermo-chemical reactions. It then details the specific case study conducted, which analyzed the thermoneutral points of downdraft gasification of rice husk at temperatures from 500-1000°C. The study found the reaction and process thermoneutral points, and analyzed gas composition and energy parameters at these points, both with and without a heat exchanger.
BIOMASS GASIFICATION,gasification and gasifier.
A slide about biomass gasification including brief description about thermo-chemical conversion process and applications
The document discusses Howden, a global organization that brings together the innovators of major compressor technologies. It summarizes Howden's expertise across compressor technologies including reciprocating, screw, centrifugal, and Roots compressors. Howden can advise on and supply compressors for any application based on over 160 years of experience in compressor engineering.
Howden is a global leader in compressor technologies and expertise, with over 160 years of experience. They incorporate the original innovators of diaphragm, twin screw, and Roots technologies. Howden designs and manufactures all major compressor technologies, including reciprocating, centrifugal, screw, and Roots blowers. They provide customized compressor solutions and support for applications across industries such as oil and gas, petrochemical, chemical, power generation, and more.
Aljac provides specialized equipment and services for fluid and bulk solids handling, including aviation fuel storage and distribution. Their product range includes refueling couplings, hydrant valves, meters, filters, contamination testing equipment, hoses, nozzles, valves, spill kits and more. The document lists these products in detail. Aljac aims to offer clients the most comprehensive range of fuel handling equipment and systems.
The document lists codes and standards related to process engineering from organizations like ASME and API. It includes codes for piping systems, fittings, valves, pumps, heat exchangers, storage tanks, and other process equipment commonly found in facilities like power plants, refineries, chemical plants, and pipelines.
Howden is an engineering company that designs and manufactures compressed air and gas handling equipment including centrifugal compressors, diaphragm compressors, fans, and aftermarket services. They provide engineered systems using various compressor technologies for industries such as petrochemical, oil and gas, power generation, and others. Howden also offers aftermarket services including repairs, maintenance, monitoring, and troubleshooting to support customers.
The document provides an overview of the author's over 20 years of experience in heavy and medium engineering industries. Some key points:
1) The author has worked in manufacturing, fabrication, assembly, and testing of critical equipment for oil, gas, petrochemical, and power projects.
2) Past roles include managing operational departments and successfully completing multi-million dollar projects on time and budget.
3) Industries and areas of experience include boilers, pressure vessels, piping, heat exchangers, and other process equipment built to codes like ASME and API.
ABOUT US
KERONE now renowned name in serving specialized need of customers with best quality and economical process Heating /cooling and drying products, manufactured in high quality environment by well trained and qualified workforce(special purpose machineries) .
The journey started in 1976 as a small and simple proprietorship firm which was setup to serve the companies of different vertical with heating solution and contribute towards growth of nations. In the year of 1990, KERONE has changed the traditional way of operations and diversified in to High end technical heating and drying system for the specialized need of industries across the world with strategic collaboration and technical know-how with the world’s prominent consultants and industry leaders.
KERONE is pioneer in application and implementation engineering with its vast experience and team of professionals. KERONE is devoted to serve the industry to optimize their operations both economically and environmentally with its specialized heating and drying solutions.
This document provides an overview of a fire protection training session at QPS in Vadodara, India. It introduces the trainer, Abhijit Haldankar, who has over 25 years of experience in process and environmental safety. The agenda covers fire basics, regulations and standards, fire protection system design, fire water demand calculations, fire water pumps, and other fire protection topics. A recent fire incident at an FRP coating company is also described, where a fire started in a sheet metal coating machine and spread to a nearby resin storage area.
Integration of Special Purpose Reciprocating Compressors into a ProcessGerard B. Hawkins
1 SCOPE
2 CHOICE OF COMPRESSOR TYPE
2.1 Parameters
2.2 Preliminary Choice of Machine Type
2.3 Review of Other Types of Compressor
3 CHOICE OF NUMBER OF COMPRESSORS
3.1 Influence of Reliability Classification
3.2 Driver Considerations
3.3 Deterioration of Standby Machines
4 EFFECTS OF PROCESS GAS COMPOSITION
4.1 Particulate Contamination
4.2 Droplets in Suspension
4.3 Polymer Deposit
4.4 Molecular Weight Variation
4.5 Compressibility Variation
4.6 Gas Dryness
4.7 Gas Solution in Lubricating Oil for Cylinder and Gland
5 THROUGHPUT REGULATION
5.1 Inlet Line Throttle Valve
5.2 Inlet Line Cut-off Valve
5.3 Compressor Inlet Valve Lifter
5.4 Clearance Volume Variation
5.5 Speed Variation
5.6 Bypass
5.7 Hybrid Regulation Systems
6 PRINCIPAL FEATURES
6.1 Calculate Discharge Gas Temperature
6.2 Choice of Number of Stages
6.3 Configuration
6.4 Valve Operation Limit on Piston Speed
6.5 Limits for Mean Piston Speed
6.6 Estimation of Volumetric Efficiency
6.7 Estimation of Crankshaft Rotational Speed
6.8 Calculation of Piston Diameter
6.9 Choice of Number of Cylinders
7 DRIVER TYPE
7.1 Electric Motors
7.2 Steam Turbines
7.3 Special Drivers
8 VESSELS
APPENDICES
A RELIABILITY CLASSIFICATION
B CONDITIONS FOR LUBRICATED CYLINDERS AND GLANDS
C ESTIMATE OF LUBE OIL CONTAMINATION OF PROCESS GAS
D INFLUENCE OF GAS COMPOSITION AND MACHINE CONSTRUCTION
ON FILLED PTFE PISTON RING SEALS
E LIMITS ON GAS TEMPERATURES
FIGURES
1 SELECTION CHART
2 DESIGN SEQUENCE 1 - ESTIMATE NUMBER OF STAGES
3 DESIGN SEQUENCE 2 - ESTIMATE CYLINDER SIZES
DESIGN OF VENT GAS COLLECTION AND DESTRUCTION SYSTEMS Gerard B. Hawkins
DESIGN OF VENT GAS COLLECTION AND DESTRUCTION SYSTEMS
CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose
1.2 Scope of this Guide
1.3 Use of the Guide
2 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
2.1 Principal Concerns
2.2 Mechanisms for Ozone Formation
2.3 Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential
2.4 Health and Environmental Effects
2.5 Air Quality Standards for Ground Level Concentrations of Ozone, Targets for Reduction of VOC Discharges and Statutory Discharge Limits
3 VENTS REDUCTION PHILOSOPHY
3.1 Reduction at Source
3.2 End-of-pipe Treatment
4 METHODOLOGY FOR COLLECTION & ASSESSMENT OF PROCESS FLOW DATA
4.1 General
4.2 Identification of Vent Sources
4.3 Characterization of Vents
4.4 Quantification of Process Vent Flows
4.5 Component Flammability Data Collection
4.6 Identification of Operating Scenarios
4.7 Quantification of Flammability Characteristics for Combined Vents
4.8 Identification, Quantification and Assessment of Possibility of Air Ingress Routes
4.9 Tabulation of Data
4.10 Hazard Study and Risk Assessment
4.11 Note on Aqueous / Organic Wastes
4.12 Complexity of Systems
4.13 Summary
5 SAFE DESIGN OF VENT COLLECTION HEADER SYSTEMS
5.1 General
5.2 Process Design of Vent Headers
5.3 Liquid in Vent Headers
5.4 Materials of Construction
5.5 Static Electricity Hazard
5.6 Diversion Systems
5.7 Snuffing Systems
6 SAFE DESIGN OF THERMAL OXIDISERS
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Design Basis
6.3 Types of High Temperature Thermal Oxidizer
6.4 Refractories
6.5 Flue Gas Treatment
6.6 Control and Safety Systems
6.7 Project Program
6.8 Commissioning
6.9 Operational and Maintenance Management
APPENDICES
A GLOSSARY
B FLAMMABILITY
C EXAMPLE PROFORMA
D REFERENCES
DOCUMENTS REFERRED TO IN THIS PROCESS GUIDE
TABLE
1 PHOTOCHEMICAL OZONE CREATION POTENTIAL REFERENCED
TO ETHYLENE AS UNITY
FIGURES
1 SCHEMATIC OF TYPICAL VENT COLLECTION AND THERMAL OXIDIZER SYSTEM
2 TYPICAL KNOCK-OUT POT WITH LUTED DRAIN
3 SCHEMATIC OF DIVERSION SYSTEM
4 CONVENTIONAL VERTICAL THERMAL OXIDIZER
5 CONVENTIONAL OXIDIZER WITH INTEGRAL WATER SPARGER
6 THERMAL OXIDIZER WITH STAGED AIR INJECTION
7 DOWN-FIRED UNIT WITH WATER BATH QUENCH
8 FLAMELESS THERMAL OXIDATION UNIT
9 THERMAL OXIDIZER WITH REGENERATIVE HEAT RECOVERY
10 TYPICAL PROJECT PROGRAM
11 TYPICAL FLAMMABILITY DIAGRAM
12 EFFECT OF DILUTION WITH AIR
13 EFFECT OF DILUTION WITH AIR ON 100 Rm³ OF FLAMMABLE GAS
BERR Industry provides process equipment design, manufacturing, and commissioning services. They have over 25 years of experience serving industries like oil and gas. Their services include engineering, 3D modeling, manufacturing of items like heat exchangers, cooling towers, filters, and general process equipment. BERR also has extensive workshop facilities for machining, repair, and new product manufacturing. They are a one-stop shop for parts manufacturing, rebuilding, and installation of machinery.
Global Gases Nigeria supplies gases and related services to the oil and gas industry in Nigeria. It offers a comprehensive portfolio of diving gases, welding gases, nitrogen, and specialty gases. Global Gases ensures product quality and safety are in line with local and international standards. It aims to meet customer needs and expectations by reliably delivering a wide range of gases via packaged cylinders and bulk delivery through its network in the country.
JEPL, an engineering arm of Jasubhai Group, today, has pioneered the fields of instrumentation, equipment and engineering for process industries. Driven with an utmost desire to 'make a difference' in customers' lives with the best possible solutions, the company steadily developed its operations and established different divisions, including Combustion Engineering, Contract Manufacturing, Material Handling, Process Equipment, Process Automation, Oil & Gas Service and Water Technology.
Focused on providing Combustion Technology and Turnkey Solutions to OEMs and end users, Jasubhai Engineering specialise in:
Handling all types of fuels - such as Light Fuel Oils, Heavy Fuel Oils, Gases - LPG, Refinery Gas, Bio-gas, Lean Waste - Gases, etc.
Multi-fuel fired burners for flexibility and operational economy.
Robust and high efficiency burners operating at low excess air and optimise fuel consumption.
Supplies to major OEMs of Boilers & Process heating systems to all Industry Segments like Power, Paper, Sugar, Minerals, Cement, Refinery, Chemicals, Petrochemicals and Metals to name a few.
Backward and forward integration to suit existing systems.
Feel free to contact me (benjaminkyalo@dewarlos.co.ke / +254735211022) we discuss more on your application.
Chem Dist Process Solutions is a company founded by Technocrats having decades of industrial experience in the field of Technology, Process Design, Equipment Design, Process equipment Manufacturing, System Integration, Plant Design, Plant Modifications, Automation, Project Management and Process Consultancy.
For over 25 years, GEO is the proud producer of thousands of industrial solutions designed for the needs of its customers. GEO has an expert staff that realizes facility and process design and engineering services in every sector it serves with its 25 years of experience and its corporate structure that follows the latest technological developments. GEO provides engineering and design services for plant, process line, technological manufacturing and process solutions tailored to the needs of its customers. GEO’s engineering solutions promises high efficiency and low costs.
GEO, with 25 years of experience; provides engineering, project and a technology-based strong database to the sectors it serves, usually through its turn-key facility contracting services.
GEO’s R&D based projecting and contracting services with strong financial resources is completely integrated with international quality-control procedures and standards.
What GEO manufactures: Stainless and carbon steel process units, reactors, mixers, heat exchangers, pressure tanks, silos and hygienic process systems for food, beverage, plastic, chemistry, pharmaceutic, packaging, paper, diary and mineral processing sectors. Also furnace and energy recovery machines together with process control system and automation for mainly chemistry sector in accordance with European Standards.
What GEO designs and engineers: Building and setting up production and energy facilities with our experienced team. We provide after sales service and maintenance support as well.
In addition to all these, we believe in building strong relationships with our customers and we put their satisfaction first.
Sauer manufactures the new harmattan oil free compressors that operate completely without oil lubrication. The innovative technology used in the harmattan series makes them the best choice of compressors available in the market. With the real boxer design, Sauer strikes new paths in air compressor technology. The harmattan series meets all industry standards and can be used in a wide range of industries like medical, pharmaceutical, electronics, and food production where there is a need for high quality oil free compressed air.
Körting supplies ejectors and vacuum technology for a wide range of industrial applications including evaporation, fertilizer production, paper production, shipbuilding, petroleum refineries, chemical industry, steel degassing, edible oil processing, power plants, polyester production, water treatment, gas cleaning, droplet separation, chilling, crystallization, textile finishing, and oleochemistry. Their ejectors and vacuum systems provide optimal energy utilization, trouble-free operation, high suction performance, low costs, and reliability across many industries.
Similar to Gas Flare System | Gas Flare Stack Manufacturers - CRA (20)
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Gas Flare System | Gas Flare Stack Manufacturers - CRA
1. Gas Flare System
CRA designs and manufactures a wide array of flaring systems to meet
the needs of applications as diverse as Petroleum Refining and
Production. This category contain following products:
Enclosed Flare
Flares for Refinery & Petrochemical Industries
Flares for Biogas & Landfill Gas
Compact Flare
Mobile Flare
Burners
Pilots and Ignitors
Pilots and
Ignitors
Enclosed Flares
Flares for
Refining &
Petrochemical
Flares for
Biogas &
Landfill Gas
Compact Flares Mobile Flares Burners
Gas Flare System
Thermal
Oxidizer &
Incinerators
Biogas
Scrubbing
System
Gas Line
Accessories
Biogas
Conditioning
Cleaning &
Upgrading
Gas Safety
System
Defence
System
Gas Flare System Manufacturers, Suppliers, Exporters
2. Areas of Application (Gas Flare System)
Pilots and
Ignitors
Enclosed Flares
Flares for
Refining &
Petrochemical
Flares for
Biogas &
Landfill Gas
Compact Flares Mobile Flares Burners
Oil & Gas
Fields
Chemical
Plants
Landfill
Sites
Sewage
Treatment
Plants
Waste Water
Treatment
Plants
Refineries/
Oil & Gas
Industries
Petrochemical
Industries
Anaerobic
Lagoons
Effluent
Treatment
Plants
Biogas
& Coal Sites
Gas Flare System
Thermal
Oxidizer &
Incinerators
Biogas
Scrubbing
System
Gas Line
Accessories
Biogas
Conditioning
Cleaning &
Upgrading
Gas Safety
System
Defence
System
Gas Flare Stack Manufacturers, Suppliers, Exporters
3. Website: www.combustionindia.com Email Us: info@combustionindia.com
Combustion
Research Associates
(An ISO 9001:2008 & ISO 14001:2004 TUV Nord Certified Company)
Head Office:
A-52, Sector-83, Phase-II,
Noida 201305 (U.P.) INDIA
Contact Us:
Tel/Fax: +91-120-4156787
Call: +91-8506009429
Thank You