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GAMETOGENESIS

DR. JOSÉ LUIS ESPINOZA V.
The first phase in this process involves the developing gonad by primordial germ cells
from which the germ cells develop. The subsequent process, by which the maternal and
paternal gametes are produced from the primordial germ cells, is referred to as
gametogenesis.
The primordial germ cells are the predecessors of the female and male gametes.
• During and after their migration, the primordial
  germ cells proliferate by mitoses.
• The female (XX) and male (XY) primordial germ cells
  become engaged in sex-specific differentiation of
  the gonads and become surrounded by somatic cells
• They are now referred to as oogonia and
  spermatogonia, respectively.
• These cells undergo further proliferation before they
  enter gametogenesis and, thus, meiosis.
1
2
GAMETOGENESIS
• Proceso de
  transformación a través
  del cual estas células se
  convierten en unidades
  altamente especializadas:

   – Células sexuales

      • Óvulos

      • Espermatozoides
• Gametogenesis includes meiosis, to allow
 for recombination of genetic material and
 for reduction of the number of
 chromosomes from the diploid to the
 haploid complement, and
 cytodifferentiation, to achieve the cellular
 structure characteristic of the female or
 male gamete.
CONSECUENCIAS DE LA MEIOSIS
ÓVULO VS ESPERMATOZOIDE
ESPERMATOGENESIS
• Divisiones celulares en

  túbulo seminífero

  (espermatocitogénesis)

• Cambios morfológicos

  (espermiogénesis)

• De la periferia al centro
• En esta fase se elimina
  el citoplasma por
  desplazamiento del
  mismo hacia la pieza
  terminal de la cola
  originando la llamada
  gota citoplasmática.
• El espermatozoide
  adquiere la capacidad
  de mover el flagelo en
  su tránsito por el
  epidídimo, pero el
  movimiento empieza
  después de la
  eyaculación.
• Este proceso es
  conocido como la
  activación del
  esperma.
CICLO DEL EPITELIO SEMINIFERO (ciclo
                espermatogénico)


• En la pared del túbulo
  seminífero hay
  asociaciones de
  células
SEMEN
• Suspensión celular liquida o
  semigelatinosa que contiene
  los espermatozoides y las
  secreciones de las glándulas
  accesorias
PLASMA SEMINAL (J Reprod Immunol. 2002 Jan;53)
• Fracción liquida del semen

• Las vesículas seminales del bovino secretan una familia de proteínas
   (proteínas del plasma seminal; PPS)

• Con la eyaculación las PPS se unen a la superficie del espermatozoide

• Interactúan con factores de capacitación bovina (heparina y HDL)

• Las PPS estimulan la pérdida de colesterol y fosfolípidos de la
   membrana espermática

    – Paso importante en el proceso de capacitación
• Killian et al. (1993) reported the presence of four “fertility-
  associated proteins” in the Holstein seminal plasma, one of
  them later identified as osteopontin (OPN).

• The same protein, detected in accessory sex gland fluid, was
  associated with fertility indexes of dairy bulls.

• This protein is expressed in the ampullae, seminal vesicles
  and possibly the epididymis, as well as in the oviduct.

• In the seminiferous tubules, where it is synthesized by Sertoli
  and germ cells, OPN is potentially involved in cell adhesion
  and migration.
• The potential influence of seminal proteins
  on male reproduction came to attention
  because of the studies showing that their
  expression is associated with breeding
  scores of dairy bulls, beef bulls and horses.
  – Prostaglandin D synthase

  – Oseopontin

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Gametogenesis

  • 2. The first phase in this process involves the developing gonad by primordial germ cells from which the germ cells develop. The subsequent process, by which the maternal and paternal gametes are produced from the primordial germ cells, is referred to as gametogenesis. The primordial germ cells are the predecessors of the female and male gametes.
  • 3.
  • 4. • During and after their migration, the primordial germ cells proliferate by mitoses. • The female (XX) and male (XY) primordial germ cells become engaged in sex-specific differentiation of the gonads and become surrounded by somatic cells • They are now referred to as oogonia and spermatogonia, respectively. • These cells undergo further proliferation before they enter gametogenesis and, thus, meiosis.
  • 5. 1 2
  • 6. GAMETOGENESIS • Proceso de transformación a través del cual estas células se convierten en unidades altamente especializadas: – Células sexuales • Óvulos • Espermatozoides
  • 7. • Gametogenesis includes meiosis, to allow for recombination of genetic material and for reduction of the number of chromosomes from the diploid to the haploid complement, and cytodifferentiation, to achieve the cellular structure characteristic of the female or male gamete.
  • 9.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20. ESPERMATOGENESIS • Divisiones celulares en túbulo seminífero (espermatocitogénesis) • Cambios morfológicos (espermiogénesis) • De la periferia al centro
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
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  • 29.
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  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35. • En esta fase se elimina el citoplasma por desplazamiento del mismo hacia la pieza terminal de la cola originando la llamada gota citoplasmática.
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40. • El espermatozoide adquiere la capacidad de mover el flagelo en su tránsito por el epidídimo, pero el movimiento empieza después de la eyaculación. • Este proceso es conocido como la activación del esperma.
  • 41.
  • 42. CICLO DEL EPITELIO SEMINIFERO (ciclo espermatogénico) • En la pared del túbulo seminífero hay asociaciones de células
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45.
  • 46.
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49.
  • 50.
  • 51.
  • 52. SEMEN • Suspensión celular liquida o semigelatinosa que contiene los espermatozoides y las secreciones de las glándulas accesorias
  • 53. PLASMA SEMINAL (J Reprod Immunol. 2002 Jan;53) • Fracción liquida del semen • Las vesículas seminales del bovino secretan una familia de proteínas (proteínas del plasma seminal; PPS) • Con la eyaculación las PPS se unen a la superficie del espermatozoide • Interactúan con factores de capacitación bovina (heparina y HDL) • Las PPS estimulan la pérdida de colesterol y fosfolípidos de la membrana espermática – Paso importante en el proceso de capacitación
  • 54. • Killian et al. (1993) reported the presence of four “fertility- associated proteins” in the Holstein seminal plasma, one of them later identified as osteopontin (OPN). • The same protein, detected in accessory sex gland fluid, was associated with fertility indexes of dairy bulls. • This protein is expressed in the ampullae, seminal vesicles and possibly the epididymis, as well as in the oviduct. • In the seminiferous tubules, where it is synthesized by Sertoli and germ cells, OPN is potentially involved in cell adhesion and migration.
  • 55. • The potential influence of seminal proteins on male reproduction came to attention because of the studies showing that their expression is associated with breeding scores of dairy bulls, beef bulls and horses. – Prostaglandin D synthase – Oseopontin