The document discusses an overview of falling weight deflectometer (FWD) testing. It describes what an FWD can measure, including deflections, load, and temperature. It outlines the typical components of an FWD system and provides details on FWD testing protocols such as coordinating personnel, collecting deflection data, and analyzing results. Finally, it lists some common applications of FWD testing for flexible and rigid pavements including design, rehabilitation, and network evaluation.
EVALUATION AND STRENGTHENING OF RECONSTRUCTED ROADS EXCAVATED FOR UTILITIES U...IAEME Publication
The study highlights the need of pavement evaluation and pavement evaluation measures for the road pavements of urban areas in Kashmir which are often being cut and refilled after laying of utilities like optical fiber cables,municipal water supply pipes, construction of severs etc. This paper includes the collection of required field data like soil sub grade data, existing pavement structure, traffic data, pavement surface condition and rebound deflection by using BBD technique,
laboratory investigations and finally the design of the overall thickness of the road pavement and overlay whatsoever required to strengthen the road stretches.
Plastering Process (Cement/Masonry/Finishing Layer)Zelkhan
Plastering process which involve plastering on brick walls. This paper explains the mono plastering process which involve only 1 layer of plaster, rather than the usual 3 layer of plaster.
If you find these presentation to be beneficial, I would like to welcome you to donate, and support my work in Cement & Concrete Industry. Donation can be made using the following currency/medium:
Bitcoin Address: 36rb4YnbDZsXcCu7i1aXRVvy31j3GoM9YY
EgoPay: elkhana2u@gmail.com
Perfect Money: U6071834 (USD)
Thanks.
Building materials and construction technlogoy- FALSE CEILING & FLOORINGAishwarya Deopujari
This presentation is on false ceiling and flooring types.
It incorporates all the methodologies and 'know how's' an architecture student should be aware of.
Hope you find this informative.
EVALUATION AND STRENGTHENING OF RECONSTRUCTED ROADS EXCAVATED FOR UTILITIES U...IAEME Publication
The study highlights the need of pavement evaluation and pavement evaluation measures for the road pavements of urban areas in Kashmir which are often being cut and refilled after laying of utilities like optical fiber cables,municipal water supply pipes, construction of severs etc. This paper includes the collection of required field data like soil sub grade data, existing pavement structure, traffic data, pavement surface condition and rebound deflection by using BBD technique,
laboratory investigations and finally the design of the overall thickness of the road pavement and overlay whatsoever required to strengthen the road stretches.
Plastering Process (Cement/Masonry/Finishing Layer)Zelkhan
Plastering process which involve plastering on brick walls. This paper explains the mono plastering process which involve only 1 layer of plaster, rather than the usual 3 layer of plaster.
If you find these presentation to be beneficial, I would like to welcome you to donate, and support my work in Cement & Concrete Industry. Donation can be made using the following currency/medium:
Bitcoin Address: 36rb4YnbDZsXcCu7i1aXRVvy31j3GoM9YY
EgoPay: elkhana2u@gmail.com
Perfect Money: U6071834 (USD)
Thanks.
Building materials and construction technlogoy- FALSE CEILING & FLOORINGAishwarya Deopujari
This presentation is on false ceiling and flooring types.
It incorporates all the methodologies and 'know how's' an architecture student should be aware of.
Hope you find this informative.
Comprehensive Performance Testing: From Early Dev to Live ProductionTechWell
Although the idea of doing performance testing throughout the software lifecycle sounds simple enough, as soon as you try to combine the concepts of “always testing” (in dev, pre-prod, and production) with “limited time and resources” and throw in the word “comprehensive,” the challenges can be monumental. Quickly the “how” of it emerges as the most important question—and one worth focusing on. Brad Stoner tackles this topic by explaining how he has been able to solve this seemingly impossible puzzle by applying various approaches such as early and often, learning when to say no, and seriously, I did say no—and more. Brad shares concrete examples of how he has successfully implemented full lifecycle performance testing at several companies. Join Brad to learn what performance tests to run at each development and delivery stage—from a simple load profile on a single server to full-scale soak tests over several days.
This presentation will provide an overview on how reconciliation and/or validation rules can be defined and trial data can be checked against these rules. By utilizing JReview’s built-in browser and advanced functionalities, objects can be defined with drill-down capabilities to perform these data validation checks. For e.g. reconciliation checks between EDC data and external lab data can be easily performed by reviewing a summary object with discrepant information such as subject id, discrepancy category and discrepancy message with an ability to drill down to detailed discrepant data listings. This approach should support pro-active data management for ongoing trials increasing the overall data quality. Similar approach can be applied to review data against sponsor defined data standards checks.
Asset Management - Data Collection, Prioritization, Estimating, Funding
Fwd thinking
1. Goals for this Session
What is an FWD?
Fundamentals of FWD operations and testing
Learn about some typical applications for an FWD
David P. Orr, PE – Cornell Local Roads Program
Pavement Deflection
Isada, 1966
Benkelman beam
1
2. FWD Loading System
KUAB Dynatest
Carl Bro JILS
What Can a Typical FWD Measure?
Deflections
Load or Pressure
Temperature
• Tow Vehicle
• Data Acquisition System
• Testing Device
• Operator
2
3. FWD with GPS
• Deflections
• Load or Pressure
• Temperature
• (Surface and Air)
‐Dwight D. Eisenhower
FWD Testing Protocol
Travel to site
Coordinate personnel
Inspect test section
Record temperature & other measurements
Prepare FWD for testing
Warm up FWD & check FWD operation
Collect FWD data
Perform data checks & basic analysis
Prepare FWD for travel
Return to base
Provide data to engineer
Finish analysis of FWD data
3
4. Travel to Site
Test Section Limits
Travel to Site
Coordinate Personnel Coordinate Personnel
Traffic control crew Sampling and geotechnical testing crew
FWD operator (as appropriate)
4
5. Inspect Test Section
Inspect Test Section General pavement condition
Pavement distress
Record Pavement
Prepare FWD for Testing
Temperature?
Who records? Perform check of equipment
Prep for testing
Computer software
Warm up FWD and
Check FWD Operation
Collect Deflection Data
5
6. Testing Considerations Collect Deflection Data
Type of FWD Testing Test spacing
Research Level Number of drops per point
Project Level
Number of load levels
Network Level
Type of Pavement Structure Project Level FWD Testing
Flexible Spacing 25‐100 ft
Rigid (Jointed or Continuously Reinforced) Network Level FWD Testing
Composite 250‐500 ft spacing
Other
(aggregate, surface treatment on aggregate, etc.) Maximize use of traffic control
Determine average test points per day
Testing Program Perform Data Checks and Basic
An Effective Testing Program Should: Analysis
Minimize errors
Maximize data collection
Be flexible
Perform Data Checks and Basic
Analysis Prepare FWD for Travel
Before or after leaving traveled way?
What about the FWD software?
Automation
6
7. Prepare FWD for Travel Return to Base
Prepare for high‐speed travel Missing data will always be missing
Create backup of data
Complete hand written notes
Provide Data to Engineer
Data files Finish Analysis of FWD Data
Other documentation
Photographs
Finish Analysis of FWD Data
Is the FWD data good?
Data checks in the field
What is the goal of the testing?
• The testing company, the engineer,
and the County working in collaboration
7
8. • Geotechnical investigation • NO!
• Test pits • Depends upon data needs
• Core holes and length of section
• GPR? • Take advantage of a full day of testing
• Pavement temperature
• Pictures
• Distress investigation
• ….
Typical Applications of an FWD
Flexible Pavements
Design of rehab/overlay
Subgrade response
Identify weak areas
Forensics
Rigid Pavements
Layer moduli
Subgrade support
Locate bad joints or voids
Network Evaluation
Pavement parameters
Subgrade strength
Landon Road
Where does the poor base area begin and end?
What are the best locations for the test pits?
Will cement stabilization work?
Did the rehab work?
Landon Road
8
9. Testing Program Plots of FWD Deflection
Dropt Height 4 Deflections
Visual inspection 80 Center Deflection
70
Interview with Town Highway Superintendent 60
50
Deflection (mils)
FWD testing in Outer Wheel Path 40
30
20
2 test pits 10
0
Soil samples 0 1000 2000
April 02, NB
3000
Station (feet)
4000
Sept 02, SB
5000 6000
Dropt Height 4 Deflections
Outer Deflection 72"
3
2.5
2
Deflection (mils)
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Station (feet)
April 02, NB Sept 02, SB
Cement Stabilization Demo After a Chip Seal
• FWD Testing
• Test pits are sited using FWD data Eden‐Evans Center Road – Eric County
9
10. Eden‐Evans Center Road Testing Program
Why does the road heave so badly? Visual inspection
What are the rehabilitation options? Interview with crew leaders
FWD testing in Outer Wheel Path
2 test pits
Soil samples
Laboratory Tests Brown Gravel
Sieve Test - Upper Brown Gravel - Test Pit 1
Erie County - Eden-Evans Center Road
100%
90%
80%
Material AASHTO Unified % Fines PI SE
Percent Pasing
70%
Brown 60%
A‐2‐4 GM‐GC 30.6% 7 11
Gravel 50%
Grey 2.6‐ 27‐ 40%
A‐1‐a GP* NP
Slag 6.5% 29 30%
20%
Subgrade A‐4 SM‐SC 44.1% 6 13 10%
0%
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
Cornell Local Roads Program Grain size (inches)
Variation in Deflection Data Rehabilitation Choices
Overlay
Reconstruction
Recycling the Surface
Full Depth Rehabilitation
10
11. Reconstruction or at least removal of the brown • Visual inspection
gravel is a minimum needed at this site • Test pits
• Laboratory analysis
County Rt 5
How good was the construction in 2011?
Are there any weak spots?
What is the expected lifespan?
County Route 5, Lyme, NY – Jefferson County
Testing Program Bedrock at Station 1+50
Visual inspection Can see exposed bedrock
Discussion with County
Road is also in Seasonal Research Study ~6 feet deep
FWD testing in Outer Wheel Path
Use data from research geotechnical investigation
Soil samples
11
13. Terminal ESALs
100,000,000
80,000,000
• Bedrock (within ~25 feet)
ESALs
60,000,000
• Weak spots (only a relative value)
40,000,000
5,000
20,000,000 AADT • Can also be used with thickness information to
0 determine the strength of the pavement
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000
Distance (feet)
Conclusions
Non destructive testing device
Lots of data quickly
Not always the right choice • An FWD is a non‐destructive testing (NDT) device
Backcalculation? for pavement that ‘simulates’ the loading of a
truck traveling at about 40 mph
13