Dr. S. Siva Sankar presents on perioperative care and outlines key considerations for preoperative planning and patient optimization. This includes gathering relevant patient information, optimizing the patient's medical condition, choosing low-risk surgery, anticipating complications, and ensuring adequate hydration, nutrition and exercise. A thorough history and medical examination is performed focusing on systems relevant to surgery. Routine blood tests and surgery-specific investigations are also done. Specific preoperative conditions like cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal and endocrine diseases are discussed in terms of optimization and management to reduce surgical risk.
This document outlines preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative nursing care for surgical patients. It discusses the nursing assessment process including health history, physical exam, and psychosocial evaluation. Key parts of the nursing management are preoperative teaching, informed consent, preparing patients for surgery, and providing care in the operating room, PACU, and postoperative units. Potential postoperative complications are reviewed for multiple body systems along with the corresponding nursing care.
This document outlines principles of preoperative care. It discusses evaluating patients' medical history and comorbidities, explaining the planned procedure to obtain informed consent, optimizing high-risk medical conditions before surgery, assessing surgical risk, and preparing patients with bowel cleansing or stopping certain medications. The goal is to minimize risks and optimize outcomes through thorough preoperative evaluation, planning, and preparation.
This document discusses the preoperative process, which includes physical and psychological preparation of the patient before surgery. It outlines the steps to be followed, including taking a thorough medical history, conducting examinations and investigations to optimize the patient's condition and plan for risks. The principles of obtaining valid informed consent are also described. The preoperative orders, medications and preparations like nothing by mouth, shaving and catheterization are explained.
This document provides guidance on pre-operative patient assessment. The assessment involves taking a thorough history, including past medical, surgical and anesthesia history, as well as an examination. It aims to evaluate the patient's general health and identify any factors that could increase surgical risk or complications. Based on the assessment, appropriate pre-operative investigations, management and preparations are made, such as stopping or adjusting medications, clearing the bowels, and arranging intensive care unit beds if needed. The goal is to optimize the patient's condition and minimize risks prior to their surgery.
The document discusses the importance of preoperative evaluation and optimization of patient health before surgery. The key purposes are to document medical conditions requiring surgery, assess overall health status, uncover hidden conditions that could cause problems during or after surgery, determine perioperative risk, and develop an appropriate perioperative care plan. This involves a thorough medical history, physical exam, and laboratory tests to evaluate organ function and minimize surgical risks. The goal is to reduce postoperative complications and facilitate a quick recovery.
Dr. S. Siva Sankar presents on perioperative care and outlines key considerations for preoperative planning and patient optimization. This includes gathering relevant patient information, optimizing the patient's medical condition, choosing low-risk surgery, anticipating complications, and ensuring adequate hydration, nutrition and exercise. A thorough history and medical examination is performed focusing on systems relevant to surgery. Routine blood tests and surgery-specific investigations are also done. Specific preoperative conditions like cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal and endocrine diseases are discussed in terms of optimization and management to reduce surgical risk.
This document outlines preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative nursing care for surgical patients. It discusses the nursing assessment process including health history, physical exam, and psychosocial evaluation. Key parts of the nursing management are preoperative teaching, informed consent, preparing patients for surgery, and providing care in the operating room, PACU, and postoperative units. Potential postoperative complications are reviewed for multiple body systems along with the corresponding nursing care.
This document outlines principles of preoperative care. It discusses evaluating patients' medical history and comorbidities, explaining the planned procedure to obtain informed consent, optimizing high-risk medical conditions before surgery, assessing surgical risk, and preparing patients with bowel cleansing or stopping certain medications. The goal is to minimize risks and optimize outcomes through thorough preoperative evaluation, planning, and preparation.
This document discusses the preoperative process, which includes physical and psychological preparation of the patient before surgery. It outlines the steps to be followed, including taking a thorough medical history, conducting examinations and investigations to optimize the patient's condition and plan for risks. The principles of obtaining valid informed consent are also described. The preoperative orders, medications and preparations like nothing by mouth, shaving and catheterization are explained.
This document provides guidance on pre-operative patient assessment. The assessment involves taking a thorough history, including past medical, surgical and anesthesia history, as well as an examination. It aims to evaluate the patient's general health and identify any factors that could increase surgical risk or complications. Based on the assessment, appropriate pre-operative investigations, management and preparations are made, such as stopping or adjusting medications, clearing the bowels, and arranging intensive care unit beds if needed. The goal is to optimize the patient's condition and minimize risks prior to their surgery.
The document discusses the importance of preoperative evaluation and optimization of patient health before surgery. The key purposes are to document medical conditions requiring surgery, assess overall health status, uncover hidden conditions that could cause problems during or after surgery, determine perioperative risk, and develop an appropriate perioperative care plan. This involves a thorough medical history, physical exam, and laboratory tests to evaluate organ function and minimize surgical risks. The goal is to reduce postoperative complications and facilitate a quick recovery.
The document discusses peri-operative care, outlining the three phases: pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative care. It describes pre-operative care as including patient assessment, history, examinations, investigations, and preparation. Key aspects of pre-operative care are evaluating patient risk factors, medical history, and physical status to determine fitness for surgery and identify risks. The document also discusses classifications of surgery cleanliness and urgency, as well as common post-operative complications.
This document discusses perioperative care and preoperative evaluation. It is divided into three phases: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative. The preoperative phase begins when the decision for surgery is made and ends when the patient is transferred to the operating room table. This phase involves diagnosis, evaluation of surgical risk factors, preoperative testing, and management of medications. The goal of preoperative evaluation is to optimize the patient's medical condition and minimize risks associated with surgery.
The document discusses the importance of preoperative evaluation in ensuring patient safety and optimal outcomes. A thorough evaluation includes obtaining medical history, conducting a physical exam, and ordering appropriate tests. Key areas of focus include assessing cardiovascular, pulmonary, coagulation, and gastrointestinal status. Airway evaluation helps predict potential difficulties. The goals are to identify and address any issues that could impact anesthesia or surgery, provide informed consent, and reduce risk through optimization when possible.
This document discusses the important aspects of pre-operative patient preparation and assessment. It outlines the key components of taking a patient history, performing a physical exam, identifying relevant comorbidities, and ordering appropriate pre-operative tests and investigations. Special focus is given to evaluating and optimizing patients' cardiovascular and pulmonary systems to reduce perioperative risk. The goals are to identify any issues that could impact the surgical outcome and to optimize medical conditions in order to decrease complications.
This document outlines preoperative care for gynecologic patients. It discusses preoperative evaluation including obtaining a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, anesthesiology examination, and necessary investigations. Preoperative preparation is also covered, such as correcting anemia, smoking cessation, medical consultation, bowel preparation, use of antibiotics and thromboprophylaxis. The goal of preoperative care is to avoid or minimize both intra- and postoperative complications and enable a successful surgical outcome.
The presentation deals with the basics of pre anesthetic checkups, its only for the educations purpose!
Any kind of replication, modifications and republication is strictly prohibited.
All Rights reserved to the Author. 2016
The document discusses preoperative fasting guidelines and the risks of pulmonary aspiration during surgery. It summarizes a study that compared gastric fluid volume and pH in patients who either fasted overnight or drank 150mL of water 2 hours before surgery. The study found that patients who drank the water had significantly lower gastric fluid volumes (5.5mL vs 17.1mL) after surgery, but similar pH levels. This suggests that allowing clear fluids like water 2 hours before surgery may be safe and help reduce patient discomfort from long fasting times.
The document discusses the perioperative management of surgical patients. It covers topics like history taking, physical examination, identifying high-risk patients, optimizing medical conditions, and postoperative care. The goal of perioperative management is to reduce the risk of complications and mortality through early identification of risk factors, treatment of medical issues, and a multidisciplinary approach to care.
Perioperative care involves three phases: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative. The preoperative phase begins with the decision for surgery and continues until the patient reaches the operating area. The intraoperative phase is the duration of the surgical procedure. The postoperative phase begins in the recovery area and continues until follow up evaluation or discharge. Perioperative care requires evaluation of the patient's history and medical optimization for surgery through tests, medications, and skin/digestive preparation depending on the type, risk level, and urgency of the procedure. Immediate postoperative care focuses on airway, respiration, circulation, fluid balance, and pain level along with ongoing assessment of the patient's general condition and recovery.
This document provides an overview of pre-operative patient assessment. It discusses evaluating the patient's medical condition, optimizing any issues, determining anesthesia risks, and planning care. The assessment involves taking a case history, doing a physical exam, and ordering relevant medical tests. Key parts of the exam include airway evaluation, assessing cardiac and pulmonary risks, and determining the patient's ASA physical status. Based on the assessment, anesthesia risks are evaluated. The document outlines preparing patients with medications or treatments as needed before surgery and planning the anesthetic technique.
Principles of preoperative and operative surgeryMEEQAT HOSPITAL
This document discusses principles of preoperative and operative surgery. It covers four main principles: preoperative preparation of the patient, a systems approach to preoperative evaluation, additional preoperative considerations, and a preoperative checklist. For preoperative evaluation and preparation, the document emphasizes assessing patient risk factors, especially cardiovascular risk, and optimizing high-risk patients prior to surgery through testing, medication, and consultation with specialists. The goal is to identify any medical issues that could impact the surgical outcome and take steps to improve the patient's status and reduce perioperative risk.
This document provides guidelines for preoperative investigations and assessments, including routine tests such as urinalysis, ECG, and blood tests. It also discusses obtaining patient consent, explaining risks of procedures using analogies, and classifications of patient physical health status. Fasting guidelines are presented, along with approaches to preventing acid aspiration during medical procedures.
The preoperative evaluation consists of gathering patient information and formulating an anesthetic plan to reduce perioperative risks. Inadequate planning and errors in preparation are common causes of anesthetic complications. The evaluation includes reviewing medical history and test results, performing a physical exam, consulting specialists, and optimizing the patient's medical condition prior to elective surgery. The goal is to ensure the patient is in the best possible state before undergoing anesthesia and procedures.
The document discusses various aspects of pre-operative, operative, and post-operative surgical care including evaluating patient medical history and risk factors, optimizing medical conditions, obtaining informed consent, monitoring vital signs and drainage after surgery, and emphasizing the importance of proper preparation, timing, and follow-up to minimize risks and optimize surgical outcomes. Key factors discussed include cardiac, pulmonary, renal, hepatic, diabetic, nutritional status as well as use of prophylactic antibiotics and measures to prevent thromboembolic events.
This document discusses preoperative evaluation and preparation of surgical patients. It begins with an introduction on the importance of preoperative preparation from initial patient contact through to surgery. Preoperative evaluation involves gathering a comprehensive history and physical exam, ordering appropriate investigations, assessing risks, communicating with the patient, and involving a multidisciplinary team. Key areas addressed include cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, metabolic, coagulation disorders and ensuring medical optimization and documentation is complete prior to surgery. The goal is to minimize surgical risk and maximize postoperative outcomes.
Pre anaesthetic assessment and preoperative fasting guidelinesAnor Abidin
The document outlines the key steps and objectives of pre-anaesthetic consultation:
- Evaluate the patient's medical condition and optimise any risk factors.
- Determine the anaesthetic technique and perioperative care plan.
- Obtain informed consent from the patient after discussing anaesthesia and the procedure.
- The assessment may involve medical history, physical exam, and targeted lab/imaging tests to evaluate risk.
- The goals are to ensure patient safety and provide preoperative counselling and risk assessment.
This document provides guidance on preoperative care and assessment. It outlines the objectives of preoperative care, which include organizing care and the operating list, understanding surgical, medical and anesthetic assessments, optimizing the patient's condition, obtaining consent, and organizing the operating list. It describes evaluating the patient's history, examination, investigations, preoperative conditions and treatment, and documenting the assessments. Key areas of focus for the patient assessment include cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, neurological, endocrine and metabolic conditions. The document provides guidance on identifying and managing preoperative problems, obtaining informed consent, conducting a pre-anesthetic airway assessment, and arranging the operating theater list.
This document provides an overview of preoperative assessment, preparation, and documentation. It discusses the goals of preoperative evaluation, which include ensuring the patient is optimized for surgery and identifying any risks. The outline covers topics like the history, physical exam, investigations, and documenting the anesthesia record. Aspects of the history discussed include medical history, anesthetic history, allergies, and social history. The physical exam focuses on vital signs, cardiovascular, respiratory, airway, and neurological systems. Airway assessment involves observation, simple tests like Mallampati classification, and potential for difficult intubation. Thorough preoperative evaluation aims to reduce surgical risks and increase postoperative recovery.
1) Acute liver failure (ALF) is characterized by sudden loss of liver function within 24 weeks without pre-existing liver disease, often caused by viral hepatitis, drug overdose, or unknown etiology.
2) Patients present with coagulopathy, encephalopathy, and multi-organ failure affecting the brain, cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal systems. Prognosis is poor without a liver transplant.
3) Management involves supportive care, treating complications, investigating the cause, and considering a liver transplant for eligible patients within 7 days to prevent death from hepatic encephalopathy and multi-organ dysfunction.
1) Acute liver failure (ALF) is characterized by sudden loss of liver function within 24 weeks without pre-existing liver disease, often caused by viral hepatitis, drug overdose, or unknown etiology.
2) Patients present with coagulopathy, encephalopathy, and multi-organ failure affecting the brain, cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal systems. Prognosis is poor without a liver transplant.
3) Management involves supportive care, treating complications, investigating the cause, and considering a liver transplant depending on the type and progression of liver dysfunction and encephalopathy. The overall mortality of ALF remains high without transplantation.
The document discusses peri-operative care, outlining the three phases: pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative care. It describes pre-operative care as including patient assessment, history, examinations, investigations, and preparation. Key aspects of pre-operative care are evaluating patient risk factors, medical history, and physical status to determine fitness for surgery and identify risks. The document also discusses classifications of surgery cleanliness and urgency, as well as common post-operative complications.
This document discusses perioperative care and preoperative evaluation. It is divided into three phases: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative. The preoperative phase begins when the decision for surgery is made and ends when the patient is transferred to the operating room table. This phase involves diagnosis, evaluation of surgical risk factors, preoperative testing, and management of medications. The goal of preoperative evaluation is to optimize the patient's medical condition and minimize risks associated with surgery.
The document discusses the importance of preoperative evaluation in ensuring patient safety and optimal outcomes. A thorough evaluation includes obtaining medical history, conducting a physical exam, and ordering appropriate tests. Key areas of focus include assessing cardiovascular, pulmonary, coagulation, and gastrointestinal status. Airway evaluation helps predict potential difficulties. The goals are to identify and address any issues that could impact anesthesia or surgery, provide informed consent, and reduce risk through optimization when possible.
This document discusses the important aspects of pre-operative patient preparation and assessment. It outlines the key components of taking a patient history, performing a physical exam, identifying relevant comorbidities, and ordering appropriate pre-operative tests and investigations. Special focus is given to evaluating and optimizing patients' cardiovascular and pulmonary systems to reduce perioperative risk. The goals are to identify any issues that could impact the surgical outcome and to optimize medical conditions in order to decrease complications.
This document outlines preoperative care for gynecologic patients. It discusses preoperative evaluation including obtaining a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, anesthesiology examination, and necessary investigations. Preoperative preparation is also covered, such as correcting anemia, smoking cessation, medical consultation, bowel preparation, use of antibiotics and thromboprophylaxis. The goal of preoperative care is to avoid or minimize both intra- and postoperative complications and enable a successful surgical outcome.
The presentation deals with the basics of pre anesthetic checkups, its only for the educations purpose!
Any kind of replication, modifications and republication is strictly prohibited.
All Rights reserved to the Author. 2016
The document discusses preoperative fasting guidelines and the risks of pulmonary aspiration during surgery. It summarizes a study that compared gastric fluid volume and pH in patients who either fasted overnight or drank 150mL of water 2 hours before surgery. The study found that patients who drank the water had significantly lower gastric fluid volumes (5.5mL vs 17.1mL) after surgery, but similar pH levels. This suggests that allowing clear fluids like water 2 hours before surgery may be safe and help reduce patient discomfort from long fasting times.
The document discusses the perioperative management of surgical patients. It covers topics like history taking, physical examination, identifying high-risk patients, optimizing medical conditions, and postoperative care. The goal of perioperative management is to reduce the risk of complications and mortality through early identification of risk factors, treatment of medical issues, and a multidisciplinary approach to care.
Perioperative care involves three phases: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative. The preoperative phase begins with the decision for surgery and continues until the patient reaches the operating area. The intraoperative phase is the duration of the surgical procedure. The postoperative phase begins in the recovery area and continues until follow up evaluation or discharge. Perioperative care requires evaluation of the patient's history and medical optimization for surgery through tests, medications, and skin/digestive preparation depending on the type, risk level, and urgency of the procedure. Immediate postoperative care focuses on airway, respiration, circulation, fluid balance, and pain level along with ongoing assessment of the patient's general condition and recovery.
This document provides an overview of pre-operative patient assessment. It discusses evaluating the patient's medical condition, optimizing any issues, determining anesthesia risks, and planning care. The assessment involves taking a case history, doing a physical exam, and ordering relevant medical tests. Key parts of the exam include airway evaluation, assessing cardiac and pulmonary risks, and determining the patient's ASA physical status. Based on the assessment, anesthesia risks are evaluated. The document outlines preparing patients with medications or treatments as needed before surgery and planning the anesthetic technique.
Principles of preoperative and operative surgeryMEEQAT HOSPITAL
This document discusses principles of preoperative and operative surgery. It covers four main principles: preoperative preparation of the patient, a systems approach to preoperative evaluation, additional preoperative considerations, and a preoperative checklist. For preoperative evaluation and preparation, the document emphasizes assessing patient risk factors, especially cardiovascular risk, and optimizing high-risk patients prior to surgery through testing, medication, and consultation with specialists. The goal is to identify any medical issues that could impact the surgical outcome and take steps to improve the patient's status and reduce perioperative risk.
This document provides guidelines for preoperative investigations and assessments, including routine tests such as urinalysis, ECG, and blood tests. It also discusses obtaining patient consent, explaining risks of procedures using analogies, and classifications of patient physical health status. Fasting guidelines are presented, along with approaches to preventing acid aspiration during medical procedures.
The preoperative evaluation consists of gathering patient information and formulating an anesthetic plan to reduce perioperative risks. Inadequate planning and errors in preparation are common causes of anesthetic complications. The evaluation includes reviewing medical history and test results, performing a physical exam, consulting specialists, and optimizing the patient's medical condition prior to elective surgery. The goal is to ensure the patient is in the best possible state before undergoing anesthesia and procedures.
The document discusses various aspects of pre-operative, operative, and post-operative surgical care including evaluating patient medical history and risk factors, optimizing medical conditions, obtaining informed consent, monitoring vital signs and drainage after surgery, and emphasizing the importance of proper preparation, timing, and follow-up to minimize risks and optimize surgical outcomes. Key factors discussed include cardiac, pulmonary, renal, hepatic, diabetic, nutritional status as well as use of prophylactic antibiotics and measures to prevent thromboembolic events.
This document discusses preoperative evaluation and preparation of surgical patients. It begins with an introduction on the importance of preoperative preparation from initial patient contact through to surgery. Preoperative evaluation involves gathering a comprehensive history and physical exam, ordering appropriate investigations, assessing risks, communicating with the patient, and involving a multidisciplinary team. Key areas addressed include cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, metabolic, coagulation disorders and ensuring medical optimization and documentation is complete prior to surgery. The goal is to minimize surgical risk and maximize postoperative outcomes.
Pre anaesthetic assessment and preoperative fasting guidelinesAnor Abidin
The document outlines the key steps and objectives of pre-anaesthetic consultation:
- Evaluate the patient's medical condition and optimise any risk factors.
- Determine the anaesthetic technique and perioperative care plan.
- Obtain informed consent from the patient after discussing anaesthesia and the procedure.
- The assessment may involve medical history, physical exam, and targeted lab/imaging tests to evaluate risk.
- The goals are to ensure patient safety and provide preoperative counselling and risk assessment.
This document provides guidance on preoperative care and assessment. It outlines the objectives of preoperative care, which include organizing care and the operating list, understanding surgical, medical and anesthetic assessments, optimizing the patient's condition, obtaining consent, and organizing the operating list. It describes evaluating the patient's history, examination, investigations, preoperative conditions and treatment, and documenting the assessments. Key areas of focus for the patient assessment include cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, neurological, endocrine and metabolic conditions. The document provides guidance on identifying and managing preoperative problems, obtaining informed consent, conducting a pre-anesthetic airway assessment, and arranging the operating theater list.
This document provides an overview of preoperative assessment, preparation, and documentation. It discusses the goals of preoperative evaluation, which include ensuring the patient is optimized for surgery and identifying any risks. The outline covers topics like the history, physical exam, investigations, and documenting the anesthesia record. Aspects of the history discussed include medical history, anesthetic history, allergies, and social history. The physical exam focuses on vital signs, cardiovascular, respiratory, airway, and neurological systems. Airway assessment involves observation, simple tests like Mallampati classification, and potential for difficult intubation. Thorough preoperative evaluation aims to reduce surgical risks and increase postoperative recovery.
1) Acute liver failure (ALF) is characterized by sudden loss of liver function within 24 weeks without pre-existing liver disease, often caused by viral hepatitis, drug overdose, or unknown etiology.
2) Patients present with coagulopathy, encephalopathy, and multi-organ failure affecting the brain, cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal systems. Prognosis is poor without a liver transplant.
3) Management involves supportive care, treating complications, investigating the cause, and considering a liver transplant for eligible patients within 7 days to prevent death from hepatic encephalopathy and multi-organ dysfunction.
1) Acute liver failure (ALF) is characterized by sudden loss of liver function within 24 weeks without pre-existing liver disease, often caused by viral hepatitis, drug overdose, or unknown etiology.
2) Patients present with coagulopathy, encephalopathy, and multi-organ failure affecting the brain, cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal systems. Prognosis is poor without a liver transplant.
3) Management involves supportive care, treating complications, investigating the cause, and considering a liver transplant depending on the type and progression of liver dysfunction and encephalopathy. The overall mortality of ALF remains high without transplantation.
Diabetic emergencies like diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) are life-threatening complications of diabetes mellitus that require prompt recognition and treatment. Precipitating factors for DKA include infection, discontinuation or inadequate insulin therapy. The pathophysiology involves insulin deficiency leading to lipolysis and ketone body formation. Clinical features include hyperglycemia, dehydration, and metabolic acidosis. Treatment involves fluid resuscitation, electrolyte replacement, insulin therapy, and treating the underlying precipitant. While venous blood gases can provide adequate assessment of acid-base status, arterial samples are preferable in more severe cases. Initial electrolyte replacement is important
The document discusses the basis of nutritional support for critically ill patients, outlining factors that can lead to malnutrition in intensive care and the consequences of malnutrition. It covers methods for assessing nutritional status and determining nutritional requirements. Guidelines are provided on enteral and parenteral nutrition support based on a patient's condition and clinical setting.
Trauma triggers a complex metabolic response aimed at returning the body to homeostasis. This response involves two phases - an initial "ebb phase" characterized by hypometabolism followed by a "flow phase" of hypermetabolism. The hypermetabolic response is mediated by neuroendocrine and inflammatory factors like cortisol, catecholamines, cytokines and growth hormones which increase glucose and lipid metabolism while breaking down skeletal muscle. Understanding and limiting factors like hypothermia, edema and immobilization can reduce complications from this metabolic response.
1) Acute renal failure (ARF) is an abrupt reduction in renal function that results in the inability to excrete wastes and maintain fluid and electrolyte balance. It can be caused by pre-renal issues like decreased blood flow, intrarenal issues like direct kidney damage, or post-renal issues like urinary tract obstruction.
2) ARF progresses through initiating, oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases. It is characterized by decreased urine output, fluid overload, electrolyte imbalances, and rising BUN and creatinine. Treatment focuses on fluid management, electrolyte control, and sometimes dialysis.
3) Nursing care for ARF involves frequent monitoring for
Bariatric surgery is used to treat morbid obesity through restrictive or malabsorptive procedures like gastric bypass. Anesthesia for bariatric surgery requires special considerations due to patient comorbidities and positioning. Obese patients have increased volumes of distribution and drug dosing is often based on lean or adjusted body weight. Careful attention must be paid to fluid management, ventilation, and emergence from anesthesia due to postoperative pulmonary risks in these patients.
This document provides an overview of acute liver failure (ALF), including definitions, causes, prognosis, management, and treatment considerations. Some key points:
- ALF is defined as coagulation abnormality with any degree of encephalopathy and illness duration under 26 weeks without preexisting cirrhosis. Prior to transplantation, survival was under 15%; it is now over 65% including those who receive transplants.
- Prognostic factors for outcomes include stage of encephalopathy, laboratory markers, etiology, INR, bilirubin, encephalopathy, and multiorgan failure. Scoring systems like MELD and King's College criteria are used but do not perfectly predict survival.
- Liver
1. Surgical nutrition is important for well-nourished and malnourished patients who cannot take oral food for over a week after surgery to avoid prolonged starvation.
2. There are two main types of nutritional support - enteral involving feeding through the gastrointestinal tract, and parenteral involving intravenous feeding.
3. Enteral feeding has advantages of being more physiological but also risks like tube dislodgement, while parenteral nutrition is used when enteral is not possible and improves outcomes but carries risks of infections. Monitoring is important for both.
This document discusses hyperkalemia, including its definition, causes, clinical manifestations, and treatment. It provides details on potassium regulation and homeostasis in the body. The main causes of hyperkalemia are a shift of potassium from intracellular to extracellular space, excessive potassium intake, and decreased renal potassium excretion. Symptoms range from weakness to cardiac arrhythmias. Treatment involves calcium gluconate for cardiac issues, insulin with glucose to shift potassium intracellularly, sodium bicarbonate for acidosis, and diuretics or dialysis to increase renal excretion.
This document provides an overview of acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and their treatment and management. It discusses the pathophysiology, stages, symptoms, complications, medical and surgical interventions, and nursing care for each condition. Dialysis methods like hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are explained in detail. Surgical procedures for the kidneys like nephrectomy and transplantation are also summarized.
The document discusses the nutritional needs of burn patients. Burn injuries cause hypermetabolism, rapid fluid shifts, and increased protein breakdown. Nutrition therapy aims to promote wound healing, maintain lean body mass, and restore fluid levels. Formulas are used to calculate caloric needs based on factors like total body surface area burned, age, weight, and activity level. Monitoring includes weight, prealbumin, nitrogen balance, and indirect calorimetry. Adequate intake of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, and minerals is important to support the body's response and healing process. Nutrients can be delivered enterally or parenterally depending on the severity and extent of burns.
This document discusses homeostasis and the body's metabolic response to injury. It covers several key points:
1. Homeostasis aims to maintain constant internal conditions. Injury triggers a metabolic response involving hormones, cytokines, and cells to restore homeostasis.
2. The response has acute and chronic phases. The acute phase involves increased catabolism to provide energy, while the chronic phase sees increased anabolism to aid recovery.
3. Physiological changes include increased heart rate and breathing as well as weight loss. Clinical signs are fever, inflammation, and loss of appetite. Laboratory findings show immune cell changes and altered protein and glucose levels.
4. Factors like hypothermia, pain, starvation,
1. The document discusses fluid and electrolyte imbalances, focusing on electrolytes like calcium, potassium, and their levels in the body.
2. Electrolyte imbalances can occur due to kidney dysfunction, dehydration, medication side effects, and other causes. The body maintains fluid balance between intracellular and extracellular fluids.
3. Signs and symptoms of electrolyte imbalances include changes in EKG, symptoms involving muscles and nerves, and other clinical manifestations depending on whether the electrolyte level is high or low. Causes, treatments, and nursing considerations are provided for specific electrolyte imbalance conditions.
This document provides an overview of intensive care nephrology, including acute kidney injury (AKI), indications for acute dialysis, complications of dialysis, and management of certain drug overdoses. It defines AKI as an acute decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and loss of small solute clearance. Staging criteria for AKI like RIFLE are discussed. Biomarkers for early detection of AKI like neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and cystatin C are presented. Indications for renal replacement therapy in AKI, management of hyperkalemia, and use of bicarbonate, insulin, and salbutamol for hyperkal
The document discusses essential questions to consider before prescribing intravenous fluids, including whether the patient needs fluids, if it is for resuscitation, replacement, or maintenance, assessing the patient's electrolyte status, determining the safest administration route, and choosing the appropriate fluid. It also covers fluid physiology, types of IV fluids, principles of fluid prescribing, risks of overhydration, monitoring patients, and comparing crystalloids versus colloids. The key aspects are determining the clinical need and goals of fluid therapy, conducting an electrolyte assessment, choosing a simple and safe administration method, and selecting the fluid that best matches the patient's condition and needs.
The document describes a 65-year-old male patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and peripheral vascular disease who was admitted to the hospital. He was initially treated with a ventilator and tube feedings, but developed high gastric residuals and worsening respiratory status. His nutrition was modified by discontinuing enteral and parenteral feeds due to excessive calorie intake, as indicated by elevated CO2 levels and increased respiratory quotient. His respiratory status and nutrition were closely monitored until he was successfully weaned from the ventilator and discharged.
This document describes the case of 65-year-old Daishi Hayato who was admitted to the hospital with acute respiratory distress, COPD, and peripheral vascular disease. He had a history of smoking 2 packs per day for 50 years. He developed respiratory failure and required intubation and ventilation. Enteral and parenteral nutrition were started but caused excessive calorie intake, as shown by elevated CO2 levels and increased RQ. Nutrition was modified to prevent further complications.
Similar to Fwd: Bambury tutorial on preop assessment (20)
The document discusses benzodiazepines, including their uses, effects, risks of dependence and withdrawal, assessment and treatment of withdrawal, and overdose management. Benzodiazepines are widely used to treat anxiety, insomnia, and other conditions but can cause dependence, and withdrawal symptoms may include rebound anxiety, insomnia, tremors, and potentially seizures. Detoxification and tapering regimens aim to safely reduce the dose over time to minimize withdrawal symptoms.
Opioids are a class of drugs that have morphine-like effects on the central nervous system. They are commonly used analgesics but prolonged use can lead to tolerance and dependence. Opioid withdrawal can be managed in the hospital setting using buprenorphine or methadone to relieve symptoms, along with supportive medications for nausea, muscle aches, diarrhea and sleeplessness. It is important for hospital staff to continue patients' opioid maintenance treatment and provide adequate pain relief while avoiding precipitated withdrawal.
This document provides information on alcohol, its effects on the body, alcohol dependence and withdrawal, and treatment approaches. It discusses how alcohol acts in the brain to produce both pleasurable and reinforcing effects. It outlines recommended daily and weekly drinking limits, signs and symptoms of alcohol intoxication at different blood alcohol levels. It also summarizes common presentations to the emergency department related to alcohol, approaches to assessing and managing alcohol withdrawal, risks of Wernicke's encephalopathy from thiamine deficiency, and options for ongoing treatment and support.
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Date: 2009/2/12
Subject: Fwd: Bambury Tutorial on Head and Neck
To: ucdgrad09@gmail.com
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Date: Wed, Feb 11, 2009 at 7:07 PM
Subject: Bambury Tutorial on Head and Neck
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Date: 2009/2/28
Subject: lecture
To: ucdgrad09@gmail.com
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Head injuries most commonly occur in individuals aged 15-24 from vehicular accidents or falls in those over 75. The brain is surrounded by meninges including the dura, arachnoid and pia mater. Increased intracranial pressure can decrease cerebral perfusion and cause neurological deterioration, so monitoring and medical or surgical interventions aim to reduce pressure and maintain blood flow to the brain.
Fwd: Bambury lecture on venous and lymphatic disorders of the limbJeku Jacob
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Subject: Bambury lecture on venous and lymphatic disorders of the limb
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From: UCD Graduate '09 None <ucdgrad09@gmail.com>
Date: 2009/2/12
Subject: Bambury tutorial Upper GI Surgery
To: ucdgrad09@gmail.com
She does not know that we have this so please don't print it and bring it to
the lecture
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
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share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system