This document provides an overview of machine design. It defines machine design as designing machine elements and arranging them to obtain useful work. It discusses different types of design such as adaptive, developmental, and new design. It outlines key factors to consider in machine design like materials, forces, size, manufacturability, reliability, and cost. The goal of machine design is to safely transmit forces while allowing the machine to perform its task.
The document describes the design and development of a rotary fixture for a CNC turning center. The fixture is intended to machine a flow TEE body from a petroleum refinery. Operations include facing, turning, grooving, boring, and back facing. A four-quadrant computer aided mass balancing method is used to predict and balance any mass imbalance before manufacturing. Mass properties are calculated for each quadrant and summed to find the total imbalance. A counterweight is then added to balance the fixture about the two axes perpendicular to the rotation axis. The method allows imbalance to be addressed during the design phase to reduce material waste and improve productivity compared to traditional post-manufacturing balancing approaches.
This document provides an introduction to machine design. It defines machine design as using scientific principles, technical information, and imagination to describe a machine to perform specific functions with maximum economy and efficiency. The document then outlines the basic principles of mechanical design, including the design process and considerations for static and fatigue loads. It also discusses standards and material selection in machine design.
Mechanical design and taboos of mechanical designJasmineHL
The document discusses the process of mechanical design. It begins with planning, which involves investigating requirements and constraints. This is followed by scheme design, where multiple solutions are considered. Technical design then refines the best scheme, determining part dimensions and drawings. Finally, technical documents are prepared. Computer tools now aid in optimization, analysis, and virtual prototyping during mechanical design. The goal is to design reliable, high-quality machines through a scientific process.
Implementation and Selection of Optimum Layout Design in Cellular Manufacturi...AM Publications
Laying out a factory involves deciding where to put all the facilities, machines, equipment and staff in the
manufacturing operation and layout determines the way in which materials and other inputs flow through the operation.
The objective of this work is to find the best layout designs with an intention of minimize the material movement and cost
to improve the over efficiency of a diligence and such extension of our work is we planned to implement this optimized
layout design in any of the industry to achieve some good results in their production. In this paper we proposed to make
a deliberate case study in a process industry to study the existing layout design. We have design the optimum layout
considering different layouts like with an aim of minimize the cost by reducing the total travelling distance of materials
and change the existing layout design for selected process industry this optimum layout design is executed using through
ARENA simulation software with different form of machine layouts.
Design and Engineering-Module 6:Modular Design, Design Optimization, Internet...Naseel Ibnu Azeez
Modular design; Design optimization; Intelligent and
autonomous products; User interfaces; communication
between products; autonomous products; internet of
things; human psychology and the advanced products.
Design as a marketing tool; Intellectual Property rights –
Trade secret; patent; copyright; trademarks; product
liability.
Mechanical and production engineering Dr C B Sobhan at IEEE WorkshopProf. Mohandas K P
This document provides an overview of mechanical engineering, including what topics are covered, related fields, career prospects, and examples of famous mechanical engineers. It discusses the fundamental areas studied such as mechanics, thermodynamics, and materials science. It also outlines specialized topics including robotics, mechatronics, nanotechnology, and production engineering. The document concludes by wishing the reader best of luck in their studies and providing an example of the speaker working with a renowned mechanical engineer.
The document describes the design and development of a rotary fixture for a CNC turning center. The fixture is intended to machine a flow TEE body from a petroleum refinery. Operations include facing, turning, grooving, boring, and back facing. A four-quadrant computer aided mass balancing method is used to predict and balance any mass imbalance before manufacturing. Mass properties are calculated for each quadrant and summed to find the total imbalance. A counterweight is then added to balance the fixture about the two axes perpendicular to the rotation axis. The method allows imbalance to be addressed during the design phase to reduce material waste and improve productivity compared to traditional post-manufacturing balancing approaches.
This document provides an introduction to machine design. It defines machine design as using scientific principles, technical information, and imagination to describe a machine to perform specific functions with maximum economy and efficiency. The document then outlines the basic principles of mechanical design, including the design process and considerations for static and fatigue loads. It also discusses standards and material selection in machine design.
Mechanical design and taboos of mechanical designJasmineHL
The document discusses the process of mechanical design. It begins with planning, which involves investigating requirements and constraints. This is followed by scheme design, where multiple solutions are considered. Technical design then refines the best scheme, determining part dimensions and drawings. Finally, technical documents are prepared. Computer tools now aid in optimization, analysis, and virtual prototyping during mechanical design. The goal is to design reliable, high-quality machines through a scientific process.
Implementation and Selection of Optimum Layout Design in Cellular Manufacturi...AM Publications
Laying out a factory involves deciding where to put all the facilities, machines, equipment and staff in the
manufacturing operation and layout determines the way in which materials and other inputs flow through the operation.
The objective of this work is to find the best layout designs with an intention of minimize the material movement and cost
to improve the over efficiency of a diligence and such extension of our work is we planned to implement this optimized
layout design in any of the industry to achieve some good results in their production. In this paper we proposed to make
a deliberate case study in a process industry to study the existing layout design. We have design the optimum layout
considering different layouts like with an aim of minimize the cost by reducing the total travelling distance of materials
and change the existing layout design for selected process industry this optimum layout design is executed using through
ARENA simulation software with different form of machine layouts.
Design and Engineering-Module 6:Modular Design, Design Optimization, Internet...Naseel Ibnu Azeez
Modular design; Design optimization; Intelligent and
autonomous products; User interfaces; communication
between products; autonomous products; internet of
things; human psychology and the advanced products.
Design as a marketing tool; Intellectual Property rights –
Trade secret; patent; copyright; trademarks; product
liability.
Mechanical and production engineering Dr C B Sobhan at IEEE WorkshopProf. Mohandas K P
This document provides an overview of mechanical engineering, including what topics are covered, related fields, career prospects, and examples of famous mechanical engineers. It discusses the fundamental areas studied such as mechanics, thermodynamics, and materials science. It also outlines specialized topics including robotics, mechatronics, nanotechnology, and production engineering. The document concludes by wishing the reader best of luck in their studies and providing an example of the speaker working with a renowned mechanical engineer.
This document summarizes a paper on the design of machine foundations and the effects of earthquakes. It discusses the need for improved interaction between foundation designers and machine manufacturers to ensure better machine performance. It describes design methodologies and modeling approaches for machine foundations subjected to dynamic loads. Specifically, it recommends using finite element analysis with caution, discusses vibration isolation techniques, and touches on modeling and analyzing the effects of earthquakes on machine foundations.
ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF AN ALL TERRAIN VEHICLE (ATV)vivatechijri
The aim of this study is to do a analysis of and ALL TERRAIN VEHICLE and make calculations of
analysis. The focus has been laid on the simplicity of design and its high performance. The design and
development comprise of material selection, chassis and frame design, design of various components of power
train, suspension and wheel assembly, braking system and steering system. During the entire design process, an
innovative idea was always the primary goal.
For performing a analysis, there is a need for a 3d model, for which we use SOLIDWORKS 2018. Its user
friendly UI and feature packed software lets us design and make changes in the 3d model on the go. It also
allows adding material specifications which is of utmost importance for analysis. Our vehicle dimensions are
according to the BAJA SAE INDIA rule book. The main focus of the paper leans towards the durability of the
vehicle for different materials uneven circumstances. Again this allows us to choose the material wisely, ex
.Economically and most important the materials should reach the required standards of the ATV.
(1) A new machine is conceived to fulfill a need, with its design involving arrangement of parts and components to best satisfy that need. (2) Mechanical engineering design utilizes mathematics, material sciences, and engineering mechanics to conceive, design, develop, and apply machines and mechanical systems. (3) The mechanical design process involves recognizing needs, defining problems, synthesizing solutions, analyzing and optimizing designs, evaluating designs, and presenting the optimal design.
IRJET- Review on Computer Aided Fixtre DesignIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a review on computer-aided fixture design. It discusses how fixtures play an important role in manufacturing to achieve interchangeability and accuracy. Traditionally, fixture design was done through trial and error, which was time-consuming. Computer-aided fixture design (CAFD) automates the process and allows designers to simulate virtual fixtures to identify deficiencies quicker. The document outlines the main steps in CAFD as setup planning, fixture planning, unit design, and verification. It also discusses various approaches researchers have proposed for setup planning and fixture optimization.
1) The document describes two case studies of retrofitting damaged industrial buildings. The first case study involves retrofitting a steel structure damaged by faulty design through two strategies - welding additional members or adding another truss. The second case study modifies a structure by removing a column and adding a beam to support the trusses.
2) Both case studies are modeled and analyzed using STAAD-Pro software to determine load capacities and member sizes. For the first case, adding another truss is more economical but reducing ceiling height, so welding additional members is recommended. For the second case, analysis shows the added beam and existing columns can support the modified loads.
3) In conclusion, retrofitting existing structures is a
Technical Advancements if the field of Mechanical engineering Naseel Ibnu Azeez
This document discusses technical advancements in manufacturing industries, including the evolution from traditional to concurrent engineering. It describes design for manufacturing, assembly, reliability, and other factors. The document also covers industrial automation, including computing, controllers, actuators, sensors and software. It defines production systems and outlines various types of automation from fixed to programmable to flexible, along with their characteristics. Finally, it briefly mentions the future of these areas.
IRJET-Design Analysis & Optimization of two Wheeler HandlebarIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the design analysis and optimization of motorcycle handlebars. The study aims to reduce vibrations transmitted to riders from the road and engine. Modal and structural analysis is performed on handlebar models created in CREO and analyzed in ANSYS to determine natural frequencies, mode shapes, stresses, and deformations. Experimental testing will also be done and compared to finite element analysis results. The goal is to develop a vibration reduction method using simulation to reduce testing time and costs.
DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENTS NOTES.PDF SHARESelvaBabu2
This document provides an overview of the course Design of Machine Elements. It discusses key considerations in machine design like the design process, classifications of designs, factors influencing design like material selection and stresses, and general design principles. The course covers topics like design of shafts and couplings, fasteners, springs, bearings and flywheels. It aims to impart knowledge of engineering mechanics, strength of materials and other topics to successfully design machine components.
Chapter 1 introduction to agricultural machinery designElmanTorres5
This document contains lecture notes on agricultural machinery design. It outlines the current state of agricultural machinery in the Philippines, which focuses on developing tillers, pumps, transplanters and other equipment. It then discusses the classifications, general considerations and procedures for machine design, including standards, economics, stresses, uncertainties and units. The notes provide an introduction to the topic and outline the key aspects that will be covered.
The document provides an introduction to machine design and the general considerations involved in designing machine components. It discusses the classification of machine designs, the general procedure for machine design, and considerations like the type of loads, material selection, motion of parts, and safety. It also summarizes the commonly used engineering materials and their important physical and mechanical properties that influence material selection for machine design.
The document provides an introduction to machine design and the design process. It discusses definitions of design, classifications of machine design including adaptive, development and new design. General considerations in machine design are outlined such as type of load, motion of parts, selection of materials, form and size of parts, friction and lubrication, convenient and economical features, use of standard parts, safety, workshop facilities, cost, and assembly. Mechanical engineering design is defined as the design of mechanical systems, machines, products, structures, and instruments using mathematics, materials sciences, and engineering mechanics sciences.
It is basic details about machine design. What is its types and what is the factors that can affect machine design. You'll get basic concept behind machine design and detailed information about types of machine design.
Schmid, hamrock, jacobson fundamentals of machine elements ch 01 what is de...Fernanda Sandoval
The document summarizes key aspects of mechanical design and engineering. It discusses BMW's i8 hybrid sports car that requires only 3 liters per 100 km and can accelerate from 0 to 100 km/hr in under five seconds. It then discusses how design is a critical multidisciplinary endeavor for generating wealth and jobs. Mechanical design involves integrating multiple disciplines like mechanics, materials selection, manufacturing, and environmental concerns to bring high-quality, cost-effective products to market quickly.
The document discusses machine design and related topics. It begins by defining machine design as the creation and improvement of machines. It then discusses various types of machine designs, considerations in machine design like loads, motions, materials selection, and manufacturing processes. It also covers topics like general procedures in machine design, engineering materials and their properties, interchangeability, and important terms used in limit systems.
This document outlines lecture materials for a course on aircraft component design and manufacture. It discusses the traditional design process from the preliminary design phase through the detailed design phase. It also covers factors that affect design like materials selection, product analysis, loads, stresses, material strength, and cold working. The document is presented by Dr. Mohamed Elfarran of the Aerospace Engineering Department at Cairo University.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in mechanical engineering design. It discusses the phases of design including identifying needs, defining problems, synthesizing solutions, analysis and optimization, testing, and presentation. Important considerations in design are addressed such as functionality, safety, reliability, manufacturability, and economics. Design tools, codes and standards, and a designer's professional responsibilities are also summarized. The document aims to outline the systematic process of mechanical engineering design.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in mechanical engineering design. It discusses the phases of design including identifying needs, defining problems, synthesizing solutions, analysis and optimization, testing, and presentation. It also covers considerations like functionality, safety, reliability and manufacturability. Design tools like CAD, CAE, standards, codes and economics are reviewed. The responsibilities of design engineers to follow a systematic process are outlined.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a computer-aided mass balancing method for rotary fixtures on CNC machines. The method uses CAD software to divide the fixture into four quadrants and calculate the mass properties of each quadrant. It then analyzes the mass distribution to determine any imbalances and calculates the necessary counterweights to balance the fixture. This approach allows imbalances to be predicted and addressed during the design phase before manufacturing, which can save costs and improve productivity compared to traditional post-manufacturing balancing methods. The paper presents this proposed computer-aided mass balancing method as applied to the specific case of designing a rotary fixture for machining a TEE body component on a CNC turning center.
This document discusses machine design and the general procedures for machine design. It covers several key topics in machine design including types of loads and stresses, selection of materials, motion of parts, size and form of parts, use of standard parts, safety considerations, and cost of construction. The general procedure for machine design involves recognizing the need, selecting mechanisms, analyzing forces, selecting materials, designing elements to size and withstand stresses, modifying as needed, and creating detailed drawings for manufacturing. Overall the document provides an introduction and overview of important concepts in machine design.
The document provides an introduction to machine design, outlining key requirements for machine elements such as strength, rigidity, and wear resistance. It discusses the mechanical engineering design process and various topics that will be covered in the machine design course, including design of elements against static and fluctuating loads, shaft keys and couplings, threaded joints, and mechanical springs. Standardization, aesthetics, and other considerations in machine design are also introduced.
This document provides an overview of machine design for a Machine Design I course. It discusses general considerations in machine design such as loads, material selection, and manufacturing. It also outlines the classification of machine designs, including adaptive, development, and new designs. The document then describes the general procedure for machine design, which includes recognizing needs, analyzing forces, selecting materials, designing elements, modifying designs, and creating detailed drawings. Finally, it provides a table mapping the course coverage to textbook chapters to support learning the design of different machine elements and systems.
This document summarizes a paper on the design of machine foundations and the effects of earthquakes. It discusses the need for improved interaction between foundation designers and machine manufacturers to ensure better machine performance. It describes design methodologies and modeling approaches for machine foundations subjected to dynamic loads. Specifically, it recommends using finite element analysis with caution, discusses vibration isolation techniques, and touches on modeling and analyzing the effects of earthquakes on machine foundations.
ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF AN ALL TERRAIN VEHICLE (ATV)vivatechijri
The aim of this study is to do a analysis of and ALL TERRAIN VEHICLE and make calculations of
analysis. The focus has been laid on the simplicity of design and its high performance. The design and
development comprise of material selection, chassis and frame design, design of various components of power
train, suspension and wheel assembly, braking system and steering system. During the entire design process, an
innovative idea was always the primary goal.
For performing a analysis, there is a need for a 3d model, for which we use SOLIDWORKS 2018. Its user
friendly UI and feature packed software lets us design and make changes in the 3d model on the go. It also
allows adding material specifications which is of utmost importance for analysis. Our vehicle dimensions are
according to the BAJA SAE INDIA rule book. The main focus of the paper leans towards the durability of the
vehicle for different materials uneven circumstances. Again this allows us to choose the material wisely, ex
.Economically and most important the materials should reach the required standards of the ATV.
(1) A new machine is conceived to fulfill a need, with its design involving arrangement of parts and components to best satisfy that need. (2) Mechanical engineering design utilizes mathematics, material sciences, and engineering mechanics to conceive, design, develop, and apply machines and mechanical systems. (3) The mechanical design process involves recognizing needs, defining problems, synthesizing solutions, analyzing and optimizing designs, evaluating designs, and presenting the optimal design.
IRJET- Review on Computer Aided Fixtre DesignIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a review on computer-aided fixture design. It discusses how fixtures play an important role in manufacturing to achieve interchangeability and accuracy. Traditionally, fixture design was done through trial and error, which was time-consuming. Computer-aided fixture design (CAFD) automates the process and allows designers to simulate virtual fixtures to identify deficiencies quicker. The document outlines the main steps in CAFD as setup planning, fixture planning, unit design, and verification. It also discusses various approaches researchers have proposed for setup planning and fixture optimization.
1) The document describes two case studies of retrofitting damaged industrial buildings. The first case study involves retrofitting a steel structure damaged by faulty design through two strategies - welding additional members or adding another truss. The second case study modifies a structure by removing a column and adding a beam to support the trusses.
2) Both case studies are modeled and analyzed using STAAD-Pro software to determine load capacities and member sizes. For the first case, adding another truss is more economical but reducing ceiling height, so welding additional members is recommended. For the second case, analysis shows the added beam and existing columns can support the modified loads.
3) In conclusion, retrofitting existing structures is a
Technical Advancements if the field of Mechanical engineering Naseel Ibnu Azeez
This document discusses technical advancements in manufacturing industries, including the evolution from traditional to concurrent engineering. It describes design for manufacturing, assembly, reliability, and other factors. The document also covers industrial automation, including computing, controllers, actuators, sensors and software. It defines production systems and outlines various types of automation from fixed to programmable to flexible, along with their characteristics. Finally, it briefly mentions the future of these areas.
IRJET-Design Analysis & Optimization of two Wheeler HandlebarIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the design analysis and optimization of motorcycle handlebars. The study aims to reduce vibrations transmitted to riders from the road and engine. Modal and structural analysis is performed on handlebar models created in CREO and analyzed in ANSYS to determine natural frequencies, mode shapes, stresses, and deformations. Experimental testing will also be done and compared to finite element analysis results. The goal is to develop a vibration reduction method using simulation to reduce testing time and costs.
DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENTS NOTES.PDF SHARESelvaBabu2
This document provides an overview of the course Design of Machine Elements. It discusses key considerations in machine design like the design process, classifications of designs, factors influencing design like material selection and stresses, and general design principles. The course covers topics like design of shafts and couplings, fasteners, springs, bearings and flywheels. It aims to impart knowledge of engineering mechanics, strength of materials and other topics to successfully design machine components.
Chapter 1 introduction to agricultural machinery designElmanTorres5
This document contains lecture notes on agricultural machinery design. It outlines the current state of agricultural machinery in the Philippines, which focuses on developing tillers, pumps, transplanters and other equipment. It then discusses the classifications, general considerations and procedures for machine design, including standards, economics, stresses, uncertainties and units. The notes provide an introduction to the topic and outline the key aspects that will be covered.
The document provides an introduction to machine design and the general considerations involved in designing machine components. It discusses the classification of machine designs, the general procedure for machine design, and considerations like the type of loads, material selection, motion of parts, and safety. It also summarizes the commonly used engineering materials and their important physical and mechanical properties that influence material selection for machine design.
The document provides an introduction to machine design and the design process. It discusses definitions of design, classifications of machine design including adaptive, development and new design. General considerations in machine design are outlined such as type of load, motion of parts, selection of materials, form and size of parts, friction and lubrication, convenient and economical features, use of standard parts, safety, workshop facilities, cost, and assembly. Mechanical engineering design is defined as the design of mechanical systems, machines, products, structures, and instruments using mathematics, materials sciences, and engineering mechanics sciences.
It is basic details about machine design. What is its types and what is the factors that can affect machine design. You'll get basic concept behind machine design and detailed information about types of machine design.
Schmid, hamrock, jacobson fundamentals of machine elements ch 01 what is de...Fernanda Sandoval
The document summarizes key aspects of mechanical design and engineering. It discusses BMW's i8 hybrid sports car that requires only 3 liters per 100 km and can accelerate from 0 to 100 km/hr in under five seconds. It then discusses how design is a critical multidisciplinary endeavor for generating wealth and jobs. Mechanical design involves integrating multiple disciplines like mechanics, materials selection, manufacturing, and environmental concerns to bring high-quality, cost-effective products to market quickly.
The document discusses machine design and related topics. It begins by defining machine design as the creation and improvement of machines. It then discusses various types of machine designs, considerations in machine design like loads, motions, materials selection, and manufacturing processes. It also covers topics like general procedures in machine design, engineering materials and their properties, interchangeability, and important terms used in limit systems.
This document outlines lecture materials for a course on aircraft component design and manufacture. It discusses the traditional design process from the preliminary design phase through the detailed design phase. It also covers factors that affect design like materials selection, product analysis, loads, stresses, material strength, and cold working. The document is presented by Dr. Mohamed Elfarran of the Aerospace Engineering Department at Cairo University.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in mechanical engineering design. It discusses the phases of design including identifying needs, defining problems, synthesizing solutions, analysis and optimization, testing, and presentation. Important considerations in design are addressed such as functionality, safety, reliability, manufacturability, and economics. Design tools, codes and standards, and a designer's professional responsibilities are also summarized. The document aims to outline the systematic process of mechanical engineering design.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in mechanical engineering design. It discusses the phases of design including identifying needs, defining problems, synthesizing solutions, analysis and optimization, testing, and presentation. It also covers considerations like functionality, safety, reliability and manufacturability. Design tools like CAD, CAE, standards, codes and economics are reviewed. The responsibilities of design engineers to follow a systematic process are outlined.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a computer-aided mass balancing method for rotary fixtures on CNC machines. The method uses CAD software to divide the fixture into four quadrants and calculate the mass properties of each quadrant. It then analyzes the mass distribution to determine any imbalances and calculates the necessary counterweights to balance the fixture. This approach allows imbalances to be predicted and addressed during the design phase before manufacturing, which can save costs and improve productivity compared to traditional post-manufacturing balancing methods. The paper presents this proposed computer-aided mass balancing method as applied to the specific case of designing a rotary fixture for machining a TEE body component on a CNC turning center.
This document discusses machine design and the general procedures for machine design. It covers several key topics in machine design including types of loads and stresses, selection of materials, motion of parts, size and form of parts, use of standard parts, safety considerations, and cost of construction. The general procedure for machine design involves recognizing the need, selecting mechanisms, analyzing forces, selecting materials, designing elements to size and withstand stresses, modifying as needed, and creating detailed drawings for manufacturing. Overall the document provides an introduction and overview of important concepts in machine design.
The document provides an introduction to machine design, outlining key requirements for machine elements such as strength, rigidity, and wear resistance. It discusses the mechanical engineering design process and various topics that will be covered in the machine design course, including design of elements against static and fluctuating loads, shaft keys and couplings, threaded joints, and mechanical springs. Standardization, aesthetics, and other considerations in machine design are also introduced.
This document provides an overview of machine design for a Machine Design I course. It discusses general considerations in machine design such as loads, material selection, and manufacturing. It also outlines the classification of machine designs, including adaptive, development, and new designs. The document then describes the general procedure for machine design, which includes recognizing needs, analyzing forces, selecting materials, designing elements, modifying designs, and creating detailed drawings. Finally, it provides a table mapping the course coverage to textbook chapters to support learning the design of different machine elements and systems.
Here is a wonderful mechanism that carries force through a 90ºbend.Translating
rotational motion around an axis usually involves gears, which can quickly become complicated, inflexible and clumsy-looking, often ugly. So,instead of using gears, this technology elegantly converts rotational motionusing a set of cylindrical bars, bent to 90º, in a clever, simple and smoothprocess that translates strong rotational force even in restricted spaces.
1. The document discusses the design of machine elements and provides classifications of machine design including adaptive, development, and new design. It also outlines the general procedure for designing a machine component including recognizing needs, analyzing forces, selecting materials, designing elements, and producing detailed drawings.
2. Key factors to consider in machine element design are discussed such as the type of loads and stresses, material selection, form and size, friction and lubrication, and safety. Mechanical properties of metals important to design like strength, stiffness, ductility, and fatigue resistance are also outlined.
3. Hardness is identified as an important metal property measuring resistance to deformation and wear, and common hardness tests like Brinell and Rockwell
The document provides information on machine design principles and farm machinery design. It defines key terms like machine, mechanism, machine elements, and machinery. It then discusses machine design considerations and the process, which includes planning, concept design, detailed design, manufacturing, and commercialization. Specific to farm machinery, it discusses design parameters, differences from other machines including operating conditions and human factors, features of well-designed machines, and power transmission components like belts and chains.
IRJET- Design Development and Analysis of Low Pressure Bladeless TurbineIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design, development, and analysis of a bladeless turbine. It begins by providing background on Tesla turbines, which use boundary layer effects rather than blades. The proposed design aims to recover low pressure energy in process industries as an alternative to using throttle valves.
The design process is divided into system design and mechanical design. System design parameters like component arrangement and interaction with operators are considered. Mechanical design involves analyzing forces and selecting materials. Applications discussed include using compressed air/steam as a power source, waste pumps, and centrifugal blood pumps. The document concludes that the project helped apply engineering concepts to practical problems and learn teamwork skills.
A Review on Design of a Fixture for Rear Coverijsrd.com
In fixtures which are used for machining process, minimizing work piece deformation due to clamping and cutting forces is necessary due to which machining accuracy can be maintained. The different methodologies used for clamping operation in different application by various authors are discussed in this paper. Fixtures are required in different industries according to specific application. Rear Cover is important part in agriculture tractor. The fixture set up for Rear Cover is done manually, which leads to machining defects, poor quality, increase in rejection rate, more cycle time and more hectic to operator. So, there is need to develop system which can help in achieve quality, increase productivity, elimination of human error, reduction in cycle time.
Practical eLearning Makeovers for EveryoneBianca Woods
Welcome to Practical eLearning Makeovers for Everyone. In this presentation, we’ll take a look at a bunch of easy-to-use visual design tips and tricks. And we’ll do this by using them to spruce up some eLearning screens that are in dire need of a new look.
Architectural and constructions management experience since 2003 including 18 years located in UAE.
Coordinate and oversee all technical activities relating to architectural and construction projects,
including directing the design team, reviewing drafts and computer models, and approving design
changes.
Organize and typically develop, and review building plans, ensuring that a project meets all safety and
environmental standards.
Prepare feasibility studies, construction contracts, and tender documents with specifications and
tender analyses.
Consulting with clients, work on formulating equipment and labor cost estimates, ensuring a project
meets environmental, safety, structural, zoning, and aesthetic standards.
Monitoring the progress of a project to assess whether or not it is in compliance with building plans
and project deadlines.
Attention to detail, exceptional time management, and strong problem-solving and communication
skills are required for this role.
Revolutionizing the Digital Landscape: Web Development Companies in Indiaamrsoftec1
Discover unparalleled creativity and technical prowess with India's leading web development companies. From custom solutions to e-commerce platforms, harness the expertise of skilled developers at competitive prices. Transform your digital presence, enhance the user experience, and propel your business to new heights with innovative solutions tailored to your needs, all from the heart of India's tech industry.
ARENA - Young adults in the workplace (Knight Moves).pdfKnight Moves
Presentations of Bavo Raeymaekers (Project lead youth unemployment at the City of Antwerp), Suzan Martens (Service designer at Knight Moves) and Adriaan De Keersmaeker (Community manager at Talk to C)
during the 'Arena • Young adults in the workplace' conference hosted by Knight Moves.
Explore the essential graphic design tools and software that can elevate your creative projects. Discover industry favorites and innovative solutions for stunning design results.
Fonts play a crucial role in both User Interface (UI) and User Experience (UX) design. They affect readability, accessibility, aesthetics, and overall user perception.
3. Instructional Objectives
At the end of this lesson, the students should have the knowledge of
• Basic concept of design in general.
• Concept of machine design and their types.
• Factors to be considered in machine design.
1.1.1Introduction
Design is essentially a decision-making process. If we have a problem, we need
to design a solution. In other words, to design is to formulate a plan to satisfy a
particular need and to create something with a physical reality. Consider for an
example, design of a chair. A number of factors need be considered first:
(a) The purpose for which the chair is to be designed such as whether it is to
be used as an easy chair, an office chair or to accompany a dining table.
(b) Whether the chair is to be designed for a grown up person or a child.
(c) Material for the chair, its strength and cost need to be determined.
(d) Finally, the aesthetics of the designed chair.
Almost everyone is involved in design, in one way or the other, in our daily lives
because problems are posed and they need to be solved.
1.1.2 Basic concept of machine design
Decision making comes in every stage of design. Consider two cars of different
makes. They may both be reasonable cars and serve the same purpose but the
designs are different. The designers consider different factors and come to
certain conclusions leading to an optimum design. Market survey gives an
indication of what people want. Existing norms play an important role. Once a
critical decision is made, the rest of the design features follow. For example,
Version 2 ME, IIT Kharagpur
4. once we decide the engine capacity, the shape and size, then the subsequent
course of the design would follow. A bad decision leads to a bad design and a
bad product.
Design may be for different products and with the present specialization and
knowledge bank, we have a long list of design disciplines e.g. ship design,
building design, process design, bridge design, clothing or fashion design and so
on.
Here we are concerned with machine design. We now define a machine as a
combination of resisting bodies with successfully constrained relative motions
which is used to transform other forms of energy into mechanical energy or
transmit and modify available energy to do some useful work. If it converts heat
into mechanical energy we then call it a heat engine. This is illustrated in figure-
1.1.2.1.
Q1
Q2
W pdv= ∫ ANIMATE
1.1.2.1A- Conversion of heat to mechanical energy in a piston cylinder
arrangement.
In many cases however, the machines receive mechanical energy and modify it
so that a specific task is carried out, for example a hoist, a bicycle or a hand-
winch.
This modification or transformation of energy requires a number of machine
elements, some small and some large. Machine design involves primarily
designing these elements so that they may transmit the forces safely and
perform their task successfully. Consider the following simple mechanisms:
(a) Hand winch (b) Small press operated by a power screw..
Version 2 ME, IIT Kharagpur
5. In each one of these mechanisms some useful work is being obtained with
certain combinations of a number of machine parts. Designing these
mechanisms would involve firstly designing these elements and then assembling
them in order.
CLIPPING
1.1.2.1V Introduction to machine design
1.1.3 Types of design
There may be several types of design such as
Adaptive design
This is based on existing design, for example, standard products or systems
adopted for a new application. Conveyor belts, control system of machines and
mechanisms or haulage systems are some of the examples where existing
design systems are adapted for a particular use.
Developmental design
Here we start with an existing design but finally a modified design is obtained. A
new model of a car is a typical example of a developmental design .
New design
This type of design is an entirely new one but based on existing scientific
principles. No scientific invention is involved but requires creative thinking to
solve a problem. Examples of this type of design may include designing a small
vehicle for transportation of men and material on board a ship or in a desert.
Some research activity may be necessary.
1.1.4 Types of design based on methods
Rational design
This is based on determining the stresses and strains of components and
thereby deciding their dimensions.
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6. Empirical design
This is based on empirical formulae which in turn is based on experience and
experiments. For example, when we tighten a nut on a bolt the force exerted or
the stresses induced cannot be determined exactly but experience shows that
the tightening force may be given by P=284d where, d is the bolt diameter in mm
and P is the applied force in kg. There is no mathematical backing of this
equation but it is based on observations and experience.
Industrial design
These are based on industrial considerations and norms viz. market survey,
external look, production facilities, low cost, use of existing standard products.
1.1.5 Factors to be considered in machine design
There are many factors to be considered while attacking a design problem. In
many cases these are a common sense approach to solving a problem. Some of
these factors are as follows:
(a) What device or mechanism to be used? This would decide the relative
arrangement of the constituent elements.
(b) Material
(c) Forces on the elements
(d) Size, shape and space requirements. The final weight of the product is also
a major concern.
(e) The method of manufacturing the components and their assembly.
(f) How will it operate?
(g) Reliability and safety aspects
(h) Inspectibility
(i) Maintenance, cost and aesthetics of the designed product.
What device or mechanism to be used- This is best judged by understanding
the problem thoroughly. Sometimes a particular function can be achieved by a
number of means or by using different mechanisms and the designer has to
decide which one is most effective under the circumstances. A rough design or
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7. layout diagram may be made to crystallize the thoughts regarding the relative
arrangement of the elements.
Material- This is a very important aspect of any design. A wrong choice of
material may lead to failure, over or undersized product or expensive items. The
choice of materials is thus dependent on suitable properties of the material for
each component, their suitability of fabrication or manufacture and the cost.
Load- The external loads cause internal stresses in the elements and these
stresses must be determined accurately since these will be used in determining
the component size. Loading may be due to:
i) Energy transmission by a machine member.
ii) Dead weight.
iii) Inertial forces.
iv) Thermal effects.
v) Frictional forces.
In other ways loads may be classified as:
i) Static load- Does not change in magnitude and direction and normally
increases gradually to a steady value.
ii) Dynamic load- a) changes in magnitude- for e.g. traffic of varying weight
passing a bridge.
b) changes in direction- for e.g. load on piston rod of a
double acting cylinder.
The nature of these loads are shown in figure-1.1.5.1.
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8. Time
Load
Static load
Load
Time
Load
Time
Load
Time
Dynamic Loading
1.1.5.1F The nature of static and dynamic load
Vibration and shock loading are types of dynamic loading.
Size, shape, space requirements and weight- Preliminary analysis would give
an approximate size but if a standard element is to be chosen, the next larger
size must be taken. Shapes of standard elements are known but for non-
standard element, shapes and space requirements must depend on available
space in a particular machine assembly. A scale layout drawing is often useful to
arrive at an initial shape and size.
Weight is important depending on application. For example, an aircraft must
always be made light. This means that the material chosen must have the
required strength yet it must be light. Similar arguments apply to choice of
material for ships and there too light materials are to be chosen. Portable
equipment must be made light.
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9. Manufacture
Care must always be taken to ensure that the designed elements may be
manufactured with ease, within the available facilities and at low cost.
How will it operate
In the final stage of the design a designer must ensure that the machine may be
operated with ease. In many power operated machines it is simply a matter of
pressing a knob or switch to start the machine. However in many other cases, a
sequence of operations is to be specified. This sequence must not be
complicated and the operations should not require excessive force. Consider the
starting, accelerating and stopping a scooter or a car. With time tested design
considerations, the sequences have been made user-friendly and as in any other
product, these products too go through continuous innovation and development.
Reliability and safety
Reliability is an important factor in any design. A designed machine should work
effectively and reliably. The probability that an element or a machine will not fail
in use is called reliability. Reliability lies between 0 ≤ R< 1. To ensure this, every
detail should be examined. Possible overloading, wear of elements, excessive
heat generation and other such detrimental factors must be avoided. There is no
single answer for this but an overall safe design approach and care at every
stage of design would result in a reliable machine.
Safety has become a matter of paramount importance these days in
design. Machines must be designed to serve mankind, not to harm it. Industrial
regulations ensure that the manufacturer is liable for any damage or harm arising
out of a defective product. Use of a factor of safety only in design does not
ensure its overall reliability.
Maintenance, cost and aesthetics
Maintenance and safety are often interlinked. Good maintenance ensures good
running condition of machinery. Often a regular maintenance schedule is
maintained and a thorough check up of moving and loaded parts is carried out to
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10. avoid catastrophic failures. Low friction and wear is maintained by proper
lubrication. This is a major aspect of design since wherever there are moving
parts, friction and wear are inevitable. High friction leads to increased loss of
energy. Wear of machine parts leads to loss of material and premature failure.
Cost and aesthetics are essential considerations for product design. Cost is
essentially related to the choice of materials which in turn depends on the
stresses developed in a given condition. Although in many cases aesthetic
considerations are not essential aspects of machine design, ergonomic aspects
must be taken into considerations.
1.1.6Problems with Answers
Q.1: Define machine design.
A.1: A machine is a combination of several machine elements arranged to
work together as a whole to accomplish specific purposes. Machine design
involves designing the elements and arranging them optimally to obtain some
useful work.
Q.2: What is an adaptive design?
A.2: Adaptive design is based on an existing design adapted for a new system
or application, for example, design of a new model of passenger car.
Q.3: Suggest briefly the steps to be followed by a designer.
A.3: Machine design requires a thorough knowledge of engineering science in
its totality along with a clear decision making capability. Every designer follows
his own methodology based on experience and analysis. However, the main
steps to
be followed in general are :
• Define the problem.
• Make preliminary design decisions.
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11. • Make design sketches.
• Carry out design analysis and optimization.
• Design the elements for strength and durability.
• Prepare documentations to be followed for manufacture.
Q.4: Discuss ‘factor of safety ‘ in view of the reliability in machine design.
A.4: Reliability of a designed machine is concerned with the proper functioning
of the elements and the machine as a whole so that the machine does not fail in
use within its designed life. There is no single answer to this and an
overall safe design approach at every stage of the design is needed. Use of
factor of safety in designing the elements is to optimize the design to avoid over-
design for reliability.
1.1.7Summary of this Lesson
The lesson essentially discusses the basic concept of design in general
leading to the concept of machine design which involves primarily
designing the elements. Different types of design and the factors to be
considered have been discussed in detail.
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