Here is a wonderful mechanism that carries force through a 90ºbend.Translating rotational motion around an axis usually involves gears, which can quickly become complicated, inflexible and clumsy-looking, often ugly. So,instead of using gears, this technology elegantly converts rotational motionusing a set of cylindrical bars, bent to 90º, in a clever, simple and smoothprocess that translates strong rotational force even in restricted spaces.

1. GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL
UNIVERSITY
Chandkheda, Ahmedabad
Affiliated
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH
BARDOLI
A Report On: Power Transmission
Under Subject of
DESIGN ENGINEERING – 2A
B.E.III, Semester – V
Mechanical Branch
Submitted By:
Sr. No. Name of Student Enrolment No.
1 Patel Milin R. 140840119080
2 Patel Vibhanshu A. 140840119097
3 Champaneri Ritesh D. 140840119110
4 Vyas Parakh M. 140840119125
Prof. M. D. Patel & Prof. S. H. Joshi
Faculty Guide
Prof. K. B. Rathod
Head of the Department
Academic Year
(2016)

2. FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY AND
RESEARCH,ISROLI,BARDOLI
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled “Power Transmission
System” submitted by Patel Milin R. (140840119080), Patel
Vibhanshu A. (140840119097), Champaneri Ritesh D.
(140840119110) and Vyas Parakh M. (140840119125) in partial
fulfilment of the requirement for the DESIGN ENGINEERING-I
subject of BACHELORE OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING of
the Gujarat Technological University, Ahmadabad. This research
work has been carried out under my supervision and is to my
satisfaction.
Date:
Place: Bardoli
(Mr. Latesh Chaudhari)
Principal
FETR,ISROLI

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are very thankful to our project guide, Prof. M.D.PATEL &
Assist Prof. S.H.Joshi, FTER BARDOLI Whose guidance and
support has helped us for completing this project work. Their belief in
us has helped us to perform better than we could. They have been
great motivator and have encouraged us in our work.
We are also thankful to Prof. K. B. RATHOD, Head Of
Mechanical Engineering Department, FETR, Isroli. And all other
faculty members of FETR, Bardoli for providing necessary
permission for completing our work.
Special regards to our colleagues for helping and supporting us
during the project work. We are very thankful to our parents for
supporting us financially and mentally.

4. INDEX
Content
STAGE-1 1.)Introduction
2.)Design thinking – its importance and socio economic
relevance
3.)The Domain
STAGE-2 4.)Canvases
4.1)Mind Mapping
4.2)AEIOU Sheet
4.3)Empathy Mapping
4.4)Ideation Canvas
4.5)Product Development Canvas
SRAGE-3 5.)Design principle(Technical, Ergonomics, Aesthetics,
Cost and Environment)
STAGE-4 6.)Summary of all the learning from Design Thinking

5. STAGE-1
1)INTRODUCTION:
Our team is guided by Prof. M. D. Patel, Prof. S. H. Joshi and
head of department Prof. K. B. Rathod. The team members
include Patel Milin, Patel Vibhanshu, Champaneri Ritesh and
Vyas Parakh. We all currently study 3rd
year mechanical
engineering here at the institute.
2)Design thinking - importance and socio-
economic relevance:
The Design Thinking process first defines the problem and then
implements the solutions, always with the needs of the user
demographic at the core of concept development. This process
focuses on need finding, understanding, creating, thinking, and
doing. At the core of this process is a bias towards action and
creation: by creating and testing something, you can continue to
learn and improve upon your initial ideas.
Design thinking is a way of thinking which is utilized to observe
a particular situation and come up with the best possible creative
solution for the problem. By considering both present and future
conditions and parameters of the problem, alternative solutions
may be explored simultaneously. It can be said that it is a
solution based thinking process.
Design thinking is very much an essential part of engineering.
An engineer must be capable of carefully observing the situation
and come up with a creative solution about the problem he/she
may have encountered. Without this crucial creative thinking,
the knowledge gained during the whole duration of engineering
study is of no use.

6. Developing this way of thinking will in turn prove beneficial for
the development of the society which is one of the main
objectives of an engineer. If an engineer can give ease one
difficulty of the society then there is nothing better than it.
Design thinking includes various exercises like mind mapping,
observations through AEIOU, story boarding, ideation, product
development and many more.
It also helps in the team building process. Design engineering is
a team work job. We have developed our interactions
throughout the semester due to design engineering. It seems we
can work a lot better as a team than previously. Each and every
group member has contributed greatly to various aspects of this
learning process and the experience was truly amazing.
3)The Domain:
The domain we selected is ‘Power Transmission’. This is most
important process in any instrument. In the field of power
transmission there are various methods to transmit power like
power transmitted by belt drives, chain drives, gear drives, rope
drives, shaft drive etc. and this power is transmitted parallel,
perpendicular or at some inclination. For that usually gear drives
or hook joint are preferred.
In this area there will be many problems like power losses,
noise, friction, wear, breaking of the component will occure.

7. STAGE-2
4)The Canvases:
4.1) Mind Mapping:
4.2) AEIOU Canvas:

8. 1. ACTIVITY:
 Machine maintenance
 Talking
 Fabrication
 Unloading of row material
 Loading of finish product
 cleaning
2. Environment:
 Afternoon
 High temperature
 Noisy
 Dusty
 Oily
3. Interaction:
 Workers are talking
 Engineer explaining the work
 Visitors are asking about product
 Supervisor is ordering for cleaning
4. Object:
 Fan
 Machines
 Window
 Chai & tables
 Clamp
 Gear box
 Tools
 First aid
 Safety and fire equipment
5. User:
 Workers
 Foreman
 Supervisor
 Engineers
 Manager
 Visitor

9. 4.3) Empathy Mapping Canvas:
FIG.: Empathy Mapping Canvas

10. Users in Empathy Canvas is worker, fore man, supervisor, engineer
Stakeholders in the Empathy Canvas is Manager, C.E.O, Visitor, Client
Activities of the users are as follows: Loading, talking, Cleaning, maintenance,
fabrication, unloading

11. The Stories mentioned in the empathy canvas are as follows:
 There was a worker , who is working properly by hard work supervisor
noticed him while supervising and praise him about his work.
 After watching that workers are working in high temperature , manager
decide to implement a new exhaust system in industry.
 It is required to change gear due to failure of gear tooth in machine.
 Due to electricity cut off , production stopped and new production of the
object can’t be manufactured in expected time.
 Conclusion :
There should be an alternative way to transmit power without the help of
gear. Because price of the gear is very high to manufacture and it take
time and precise tolerance are required so alternative way must required.
4.4) Ideation Canvas:
Fig: Ideation Canvas

12. People in the ideation canvas are manager, workers, engineer,
supervisor, foreman, visitor.
Activities included are talking, unloading, cleaning, maintenance,
fabrication, loading.
The situation / context / location included Afternoon, High
Temperature, GIDC, noisy, machines are in working conditions,
loading & unloading

13. The props / Possible solution include window, chairs & tables, safety
equipment, first aid, coolant, fasteners, hammer & clamp, gears,
cutting tools.

14. 4.5) Product Development Canvas:
Fig: Product development Canvas
Purpose of the gearless power transmission system is to facilitate
angular power transmission and long distance power transmission.

15. The people involved in this canvas are worker, supervisor, foreman,
engineer.
The product experience is and satisfied with product.
Product functions include low speed high torque transmission, angular
transmission, less noise pollution.

16. Product Features include easy to assemble and disassemble, easy to
design, flexible, robust, economic, useful in clumsy locations.
The components include shaft, motor, pulley, belt, bent link, housing,
bearing, Nut bolt & washers.

17. STAGE-3
5)Design Principles:
We have selected this project el-bow mechanism is an ingenious
link mechanism of slider and kinematic chain principle. The
main feature of mechanism is it gives comparatively high
efficiency between the input and the output power shafts with
regards to the gear efficiencies.
Concept in Machine design Process:
Consideration in Machine Design When a machine is to be designed
following points to be considered
i) Type of load and stresses caused by the load.
ii) Motion of the parts and kinematics of machine. This deals with the
iii) Type of motion i.e. reciprocating. Rotary and oscillatory.
iv) Selection of material & factors like strength, durability, weight ,
corrosion resistant, weld ability, machine ability are considered.
iv) Form and size of the components.
v) Frictional resistances and ease of lubrication.
vi) Convenience and economical in operation.
vii) use of standard parts.
ix) Facilities available for manufacturing.
x) Cost of making the machine.
xi) Number of machine or product are manufactured

18. GENERAL PROCEDURE IN MACHINE
DESIGN
The general steps to be followed in designing the machine are as
followed.
i) Preparation of a statement of the problem indicating the
ii) Purpose of the machine.
iii) Selection of groups of mechanism for the desire motion.
iv) Calculation of the force and energy on each machine
member.
v) Selection of material.
vi) Determining the size of component drawing and sending
for manufacture.
vii) Preparation of component drawing and sending for
manufacture.
viii) Manufacturing and assembling the machine.
Testing of the machine and for functioning

19. DESIGNING OF SHAFT
From technical point of view, we assume bending and torsional
loads on the link for the designing of the link.
BENDING:
The material forces that are developed on any cross section of
the shaft give rise to stresses at every point. The internal or
resisting moment gives rise to so call bending stresses.
TORSION:
When the shaft is twisted by the couple such that the axis of the
shaft and the axis of the couple coincides, the shaft is subjected
to pure torsion and the stresses at any point of cross section is
torsion or shear stresses.

20. Ergonomics mean adjusting the furniture and technology to fit
the worker in the most comfortable, healthy manner. The human
physique has many variables. Putting positive ergonomic
principles to work can help avert many negative consequences
such as back injuries, carpal tunnel syndrome and eye strain.
For the safety of the worker we decide to place a cover on the
moving link so prevent the injuries while working condition.
And also prevents the machine member from the dust particles
so the operation of the member goes on smoothly.
Aesthetics is all about designing for physical appearance (looks)
of the product. In current time, customers are willing to buy the
products which have stunning looks with respect to their
competitive products. Design for Aesthetics includes
appearance, style, colour, form/shape, visuals and so on.
From aesthetic point of view the red colour marking on the
cover should provide so the viewer can understand that there
should be possibility of danger while working.
Environment: for environment we can provide sound absorbing
materials so that noise produced by the machine absorbed and
the noise pollution will be eliminated. Also it helps to the
worker to safeguard their ears.

21. Conceptual Drawing of the Machine

23. APPLICATION
The featured product has its widest application as an extension for a
socket Wrench. Here the design makes it easy to reach fasteners in the
automotive and other mechanical industries, where direct access to
bolts and screws is often limited.
1. Driving for all kinds four faced tower clocks. The elbow
mechanism was first use in the year 1685 for the famous London
tower clock named Bigben.
2. The mechanism is invariable used for multiple spindle drilling
operation called the gang drilling
3. Used for angular drilling between 0 to 90 degree position.
4. The elbow mechanism is used for movement of periscope in
submarines.

24. 6)Summary of all the learning from the design
procedure
From the activity of reverse engineering, we learned the
following things:
• How to disassemble a particular component/ artifact.
• Studying the various components of the product.
• Redesigning it and taking feedback from the user about the
product.
• Identify unmet needs of the user.
• Apply design thinking on the component and find out the
unmet need of the user.
• Modify the existing product as per the needs of the user.
• Design the new product and take feedback from the user
again.
• Do necessary redesign of the product.