The document discusses various components of computer systems, including: 1. Operating systems manage resource allocation and provide an interface between hardware and users. 2. External devices include input devices like keyboards and mice, the central processing unit (CPU), memory for data storage, and output devices like monitors and printers. 3. Internal devices include the motherboard which connects components, sound and video cards for multimedia, and network cards for connectivity.

1. Fundamentals of Computer

2. Functions of Operating System
 There are many functions, performed by the Operating System. But the main goal of Operating systems is to provide
interface between the user and the hardware means it provides the interface for working on the system by the user. The
various functions those are performed by the Operating Systems are as written below:
Operating
System
Resource
Management
Storage
Management
Processor
Management
Memory
Management
Device
Management

3. External Devices of Computer System
External
Parts
Input
Device
CPU Memory
Output
Device

4. External Devices of Computer System
 Input Device: An input device is a piece of computer hardware equipment, used to
provide data and control signals to an information processing system such as a
or information appliance. Examples of input devices include keyboards, mouse,
scanners, digital cameras and joysticks.
 CPU: A Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the electronic circuitry within a computer that
carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic,
logical, control and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions.
 Memory: Memory is where information is stored and retrieved by the CPU. There are
three main types of memory. These are RAM, ROM, and Flash Memory.
 Output Device: An output device any device used to send data from a computer to
another device or user. Most computer data output that is meant for humans is in the
form of audio or video. Thus, most output devices used by humans are in these
categories. Examples include monitors, projectors, speakers, headphones, and printers.
printers.

5. Internal Devices of Computer System
Internal
Parts
Motherboar
d
Sound Card Video Card
Network
Card

6. Internal Devices of Computer System
 Motherboard: A motherboard is one of the most essential parts of a computer system. It
holds together many of the crucial components of a computer, including the central
processing unit (CPU), memory and connectors for input and output devices.
 Sound Card: Sound card also known as Audio card, this type of expansion card deals with
everything to do with sounds and audio signals within the computer that are under the
control of programs on the computer. This can include allowing applications on the
computer to play music, programs which edit videos or audio, presentation software, games
equipment and any other type of program which plays audio.
 Video Card: A video card is more often called a graphics card or display card, and is
responsible for generating images to a visual display such as a computer monitor or laptop
screen.
 Network Card: Network card often called a Network Interface Card or LAN Adapter, a
network card is an expansion card which allows a computer to connect a computer network
such as a Local Area Network or Wide Area Network.

7.  Mobile computing is human-computer interaction by which a computer is expected to be
transported during normal usage, which allows for transmission of data, voice and video.
Mobile computing involves mobile communication, mobile hardware, and mobile
software. Hardware includes mobile devices or device components. Mobile software
deals with the characteristics and requirements of mobile applications. Portability is one
of the aspect of mobile computing. Mobile computing is a variety of wireless devices that
allow people to connect to the internet, providing wireless transmission to access data
and information from where ever they are. The advent of portable computers and
laptops, Personal Digital Assistants (PDA), PC tablets and smartphones, has in turn
made mobile computing very convenient.
Hey! What is Mobile
Computer?
I know….

8. Latest Input Devices of Computer System
Latest Input
Devices
Bar Code Scanner
Webcam
Microphone

9. Latest Input Devices of Computer System
 Bar code scanner: A barcode reader (or barcode scanner) is an electronic device that
can read and output printed barcodes to a computer. Like a flatbed scanner, it consists of
a light source, a lens and a light sensor translating optical impulses into electrical ones.
 Webcam: a webcam is a video camera that feeds or streams its image in real time to or
through a computer to a computer network. When "captured" by the computer, the
video stream may be saved, viewed or sent on to other networks via systems such as the
internet, and emailed as an attachment.
 Microphone: a microphone, colloquially nicknamed mic or mike is a transducer that
converts sound into an electrical signal. Microphones are used in many applications such
as telephones, hearing aids, public address systems for concert halls and public
events, motion picture production, live and recorded audio engineering, sound
recording, two-way radios, megaphones, radio and television broadcasting, and in
computers for recording voice, speech recognition, voip, and for non-acoustic purposes
such as ultrasonic sensors or knock sensors.

10. Latest Output Devices of Computer System
Latest Output
Devices
Projector
Headphones
3D Printer

11. Latest Output Devices of Computer System
 Projector: A projector or image projector is an optical device that projects an image (or
moving images) onto a surface, commonly a projection screen. Most projectors create an
image by shining a light through a small transparent lens, but some newer types of
projectors can project the image directly, by using lasers.
 Headphones: Headphones (or head-phones in the early days of telephony and radio) are
a pair of small loudspeaker drivers that are designed to be worn on or around the head
over a user's ears. They are electroacoustic transducers, which convert an electrical signal
to a corresponding sound in the user's ear. Headphones are designed to allow a single
user to listen to an audio source privately, in contrast to a loudspeaker, which emits
sound into the open air, for anyone nearby to hear.
 3D Printer: 3D printing or additive manufacturing is a process of making three
dimensional solid objects from a digital file. The creation of a 3D printed object is
achieved using additive processes. In an additive process an object is created by laying
down successive layers of material until the object is created.