The document discusses computer hardware and software. It defines computer hardware as the physical components of a computer system that can be touched, such as input devices, output devices, and the system unit. It provides examples of different types of hardware components like keyboards, mice, printers, and monitors. It also discusses the main components inside the system unit, including the motherboard, CPU, memory, and storage devices. The document then defines computer software and describes the different types of software like system software, application software, and utility software. It provides examples of operating systems, language translators, communication software, and general purpose versus specific purpose application software.

1. Computer Hardware
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2. Computer Hardware

3. Computer Hardware
 Is the physical components of the computer, Refers to the tangible
(things you can touch) components of a computer system.

4. Hardware Components
Hardware Components are further divided into three
(3) groups.
Input Devices
Output Devices
System Unit

5. Input Device
An input device lets you communicate
with a computer. You can use input
devices to enter information and issue
commands.

6. Keyboard
 Is a standard input device of most computers. Used
to type data into the computer.

7. Mouse
 Is a hand-clicked device used for pointing and moving objects.

8. Joystick
 is an input device which is commonly used for computer
games.

9. Light Pen
 a device used to draw, write, or issue commands when it touches specially
designed screen

10. Microphone
 an instrument whereby sound waves are caused to generate or modulate an
electric current usually for the purpose of transmitting or recording sound
(such as speech or music)

11. Scanner
 a scanner allows you to scan documents, pictures or graphics and
view them on the computer.

12. Web Camera
 A webcam is a digital video device commonly built into a computer.

13. Output Device
An output device displays information
on a screen, create printed copies or
generates sound.

14. PRINTER
 An output device that produces text and graphics on
paper.

15. Monitor
 A computer monitor is an output device that displays information in
pictorial form. A monitor usually comprises the visual display, circuitry,
casing, and power supply.

16. Multimedia Projector
Is a type of a video projector for displaying a
video, images or computer data on a screen or
other flat surface.

17. Speaker
 A computer speaker is an output hardware device that connects to a computer
to generate sound. The signal used to produce the sound that comes from a
computer speaker is created by the computer's sound card.

18. Headphones
 Headphones let a single user listen to an audio source privately, in contrast to a
loudspeaker, which emits sound into the open air for anyone nearby to
hear. Headphones are also known as ear speakers or earphones.

19. Plotter
 A plotter is a computer hardware device much like a printer that is used for printing vector
graphics. Instead of toner, plotters use a pen, pencil, marker, or another writing tool to draw
multiple, continuous lines onto paper rather than a series of dots like a traditional printer.

20. System Unit
 the system unit is the part of the computer which is responsible for accepting and processing
the data brought in by the input devices.

21. Mother Board
 A motherboard is the main printed circuit board in general-purpose computers and other expandable
systems.
 It holds and allows communication between many of the crucial electronic components of a system, such as
the central processing unit and memory, and provides connectors for other peripherals.

22. Hard-Disk Drive
 is a storage device that store billions of characters of data on a non-
removable disk.

23. CPU (Central Processing Unit)
 the CPU carries out each instruction of the program in sequence to, perform
the basic arithmetical, logical and input/output operations of the system.

24. Power Supply
 All power supplies have a power input connection, which receives energy in the
form of electric current from a source, and one or more power output
connections that deliver current to the load.

25. Memory
 The memory in a computer system is of two fundamental types: The main/primary memory and the
secondary memory.
RAM
(Random-access Memory)
HDD
(Hard Disk Drive)

26. Floppy Disk Drive
 A floppy disk or floppy diskette is a type of disk storage composed of a thin and flexible disk of a magnetic
storage medium in a square or nearly square plastic enclosure lined with a fabric that removes dust particles
from the spinning disk. Floppy disks are read from and written to by a floppy disk drive (FDD).

27. Ports and Connectors
 A connector is the unique end of a plug, jack, or the edge of a card that connects into
a port. Port: The port has either holes or a slot that matches the plug or card being
connected into the port.

28. Modem
 is a device that sends and receives data over telephone
lines to and from computers.

29. Sound Card
 A sound card is an internal expansion card that provides input
and output of audio signals to and from a computer under
control of computer programs.

30. Video Card
 A video card is an expansion card which generates a feed of output
images to a display device.

31. COMPUTER
SOFTWARE
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32. Computer Software
Software consists of programs and enables a computer to
perform specific task , as opposed
to its physical components (hardware ) which can only do the
task they are mechanically designed for.
It is loaded into a computer’s storage such as hard drive, a
memory or RAM. Once the software is loaded , the computer is
able to execute the software in the Central Processing Unit.

34. System Software
• System software is a collection of programs that supports
computer operations. It is closely tied to computer architecture.
By taking care of basic tasks such as input, output and data
storage.
• System software allows application developers to focus on
specific tasks their software needs to accomplish.
EXAMPLE :
Operating Systems , Compiler, Loader, Linker, Interpreter.

36. Operating System
 Operating System is a software, which makes a computer to
actually work.
 It is the software that enables all the programs we use.
 The operating system organizes and controls the hardware.
 Operating system as an interface between the application
programs and the machine hardware.
EXAMPLES :
Windows, Linux, Unix, and MAC OS, etc.

37. EXAMPLES OF OPERATING SYSTEM

38. Language Translators
 Language translators is a program that translates a
set of instruction code to machine level language.
High level
Language Translator Machine Code
 For a machine ,it is not possible to understand the
natural language, so translators convert it into
machine code.

39. Assembler Compiler Interpreter

40. Assembler
 Assembler is a translator which is used to translate
the assembly language code into machine
language code.
Assembly
Language
Code
Assembler
Machine
Language
Code

41. Compiler
 Compiler is a translator which is used to convert
programs in high-level language to low-level
language. It translates the entire program and also
reports the errors in source program encountered
during the translation.
Source
Program
Compiler Target
Program
Error Messages

42. Interpreter
 Interpreter is a translator which is used to convert programs in
high-level language to low-level language. Interpreter
translates line by line and reports the error once it
encountered during the translation process.
 It directly executes the operations specified in the source
program when the input is given by the user.
 It gives better error diagnostics than a compiler.

43. Source
Program
Interpreter Output
Input

44. Communication Software
 Communication Software is used to provide remote access
to systems and exchanges files and messages in text,
audio or video formats between different computers.
Examples:

45. Utility Software
 Utility Software designed to help analyze, configure,
optimize, or maintain a computer.
 Utility Software usually focuses on how the computer
infrastructure operates.

46. Application Software
 Application software is a type of computer program that
performs a specific personal, educational, and business
function. Each program is designed to assist the user with a
particular process, which may be related to productivity,
creativity, and/or communication.
 Example:
Payroll systems, Inventory control, Manage student data base,
Word processor , Spreadsheet, and Database Management
System and etc.

47. Examples of Application Software

48. Types of Application Software
 General Purpose
 Specific Purpose
Application
Software
General
Purpose
Specific
Purpose

49. General Purpose Application Software
 General Purpose Software is intended to perform a
broader class of functions.
 You can use this software for more purposes but
limited capabilities for each purpose.
 Example:
Word processing, Spreadsheet, Desktop publishing(DTP) ,
Graphics packages etc.

50. EXAMPLES OF GENERAL PURPOSE SOFTWARE
Word Processors
 Word Processors can
handle every form of
writing aside from
Calligraphy.
Spreadsheets Programs
 Spreadsheet Programs
like excel handle a
significant portion of
data processing
problems.

51. Specific Purpose Application Software
 Software which is designed to carry out a specific set of tasks,
usually in line with the requirements of a paying customer .
 You can use this software for less purposes but with greater
capabilities for each purpose.
Example:
Web Browser, Media Player , Calendar Programs etc.

52. EXAMPLES OF SPECIFIC PURPOSE SOFTWARE
Web Browser
 A web browser is a
specific purpose
application software for
retrieving , presenting,
an traversing
information resources
on the world wide web.
Media Player
 A media player is a specific
purpose application
software for playing
multimedia files like video ,
movies and music.

53. THE
INTERNET
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54. THE INTERNET:
The internet’s tremendous impact on society
· Changing the way we communicate
· Obtain information

55. THE INTERNET:
Internet
• provides the ability for computes attached in
some way to one of wires or cables on the system
to send and information from computer networks
regardless of the location.

56. THE INTERNET:
 THE TECHNOLOGY BEHIND THE INTERNET
• Protocols- determined two devices how data will be transmitted
between two devices.
- The main protocols on which the functioning of the internet is
dependent are referred to as TCP and IP.
• IP- the lower level protocol, responsible for making decisions
about packets.
• TCP- detects and reorder the packets as necessary.

57. THE INTERNET:
THE DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM (DNS)
• The internet’s DNS permits us to
give globally unique “names” to
networks and computers.

58. THE INTERNET:
ELECTRONIC MAIL (E-MAIL)
• Many individual uses e-mail for different
purposes.

59. THE INTERNET:
 THE ANATOMY OF AN E-MAIL ADDRESS
• An e-mail address has two parts separated by “@” sign:
Username
Name of the computer that assigned the username.
 Example:
Mara.clara@Redcross.org
Mara.clara- username
Redcross.org- name of computer

60. THE INTERNET:
 CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF HEALTH INFORMATION ON THE
INTERNET
• Credibility- what is the source of the information, how current is it, useful and
relevant.
• Content- to help judge accuracy examines the hierarchy of evidence, presence
of original source.
• Disclosure- what is the purpose of the site; who is sponsoring it, and what will
the site owners will do with any information that they collect.
• Links- what is the quality of the links provided.

61. PDA AND WIRELESS
DEVICES IN NURSING
INFORMATICS
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62. WIRELESS DEVICES
 Such as cellphones, and most recently iPod touch are becoming
more common among nursing students and nurses itself.
 Can be used in the clinical setting and also for theory and most
specially for learning.
 Provide faster and easier access to patient records, charting, etc.
 Fit nicely in the pocket to make carrying around convenient

63. PDA Cellphones iPod Touch
TYPES OF WIRELESS
DEVICES

64. PERSONAL DIGITAL ASSISTANT
 weighing in at 8 oz. or less, it is a small enough to fit in
a shirt pocket.
 comes with a miniature keyboard and a stylus for data
entry
 has many characteristics in common with the
Smartphone (a hybrid of PDA and telephone), but tends
to have a longer battery life since it need not support
voice communication

65. PDA Generic Functions and Their
Application to Clinical Practice
The PDA evolved as an information technology to support personal
information management. It provides an:
1. Address book- is an always-alphabetical list that has fields for name,
address, phone numbers, organization, e-mail, and other data.
2. 2.) Calculator- is a basic function calculator, capable of mathematical
operations. Calculators for specific medical calculations are available.
3. 3.) Date book- allows the nurse to keep track of his/her schedule, from a
daily, weekly, or monthly perspective.

66.  3.) Date book- allows the nurse to keep track of his/her schedule,
from a daily, weekly, or monthly perspective.
 4.) Memo pad- provides a place to compose memos, which can be
synchronized with another computer. One use is to produce and
edit project outlines.
 5.) Notepad-is useful in jotting quick notes. It allows the nurse to
write directly on the screen in digital ink. It is also useful for
changes in patient conditions, changes in orders that occur on
rounds, and taking notes at Continuing Education offerings
PDA Generic Functions and Their Application to Clinical
Practice

67.  6.) to do list- allows the nurse to create multiple lists and
keep track of tasks to be done daily, weekly, or monthly.
 The advantages for healthcare providers using the
standard PDA functions include saving time through
improved access to and management of information.
PDA Generic Functions and Their Application to Clinical
Practice

68.  PDAs can be optimized for clinical practice through the
utilization of applications designed to support healthcare
providers by providing ready access to journals and
electronic resources, pharmacology databases, medical
calculators and clinical decision support tools. Bringing
this to the point of care should improve patient outcomes.
PDA Generic Functions and Their Application to Clinical
Practice

69. 3 General Applications for PDA
Document Viewers
allows the nurse to
download and read text
files. Document allow
formatting, indexing of
content, and special
characteristics to be
preserved when
documents are download.
Graphics Viewer
for image viewing may be
useful for individuals
practicing in specialties where
images are a basic
requirement. Firepad Picture
Viewer is a commercial
application that may be
downloaded and is useful for
creating, viewing, and sharing
images, videos, and
multimedia presentations as
well as acquiring free Internet
images.
Web Browser
are another popular
application for PDAs. This
application may function
as off-line HTML
document readers.