The document provides an overview of computers, including their basic components and functions. It describes how computers perform the four basic operations of input, output, storage, and processing. It then lists and describes some common computer components like the motherboard, CPU, RAM, hard disk, and processor. It also outlines several applications of computers in areas like business, education, science, and more. Finally, it discusses input devices like keyboards, mice, scanners, and digital cameras and output devices like monitors, printers, and speakers.

1. Made by:-
Aana singh
Class:- 9th B

2. An Overview
of
Computer

3.  Computer is a machine that perform four
basic operations : input, Output, Storage,
Processing.
 These four operation called information
processing cycle.

4. The computer does its primary work in a part
of the machine we cannot see, a control
centre that converts data input to
information output. This control centre,
called the central processing unit (CPU), is a
highly complex, extensive set of electronic
circuitry that executes stored program
instructions.

5. Motherboard
 CPU
 RAM
 Hard Disk
 Processor
 Bus
 ROM

7.  Business
 Medical & health care
 Communication
 Education & reference
 Science ,research & Engineering
 Manufacturing
 Law enforcement by Police
 Government
 Military
 Music, Theatre & film

8.  Speed(1,000,000 per sec)
 Accuracy
 Diligence
 Versatility
 Power of remembering
 No IQ
 No feeling
 Storage
 Reliability

9.  Analog
 Digital
 Super
Mainframe
 Mini
 Micro
 Hybrid

10.  Technological convergence is the process by which
existing technologies merge into new forms that bring
together different types of media and applications.
New devices and technology usually handle one
medium or accomplish some basic tasks; through
technological convergence, devices can interact with a
wider array of media types. For example, a new type of
media storage often require new players that only play
that format. As the technology advances, however,
new models might include additional features like the
ability to interface with more devices or play other
types of media.

11. A Functional Overview
of
Computer
(Components)

12.  Keyboard
 Mouse
 Joystick
 Scanner
 Optical Character Reader(OCR)
 Magnetic Ink Character Reader(MICR)
 Light Pen
 Microphone
 Digital Cameras
 Bar Code Readers

13.  A computer keyboard
distinguishes each physical key
from every other and reports all
key presses to the controlling
software. Keyboards are also
used for computer gaming,
either with regular keyboards
or by using keyboards with
special gaming features, which
can expedite frequently used
keystroke combinations. A
keyboard is also used to give
commands to the operating
system of a computer.

14.  mouse is a pointing
device that detects two-dimensional
motion
relative to a surface. This
motion is typically
translated into the
motion of a pointer on
a display, which allows
for fine control of
a graphical user
interface

15.  A joystick is an input
device consisting of a stick that
pivots on a base and reports its
angle or direction to the device it
is controlling. A joystick, also
known as the control column, is
the principal control device in
the cockpit of many civilian and
military aircraft, either as a centre
stick or side-stick. It often has
supplementary switches to control
various aspects of the aircraft's
flight.

16.  A scanner is an input
device that scans
documents such as
photographs and pages of
text. When a document is
scanned, it is converted
into a digital format. This
creates an electronic
version of the document
that can be viewed and
edited on a computer.

17.  OCR, is the mechanical or electronic conversion of
scanned or photographed images of typewritten or
printed text into machine-encoded/computer-readable
text. It is widely used as a form of data entry
from some sort of original paper data source, whether
passport documents any number of printed records. It
is a common method of digitizing printed texts so that
they can be electronically edited, searched, stored
more compactly, displayed on-line, and used in
machine processes .

18.  Magnetic Ink Character Re is a character recognition
system that uses special ink and characters. When a
document that contains this ink needs to be read, it
passes through a machine, which magnetizes the ink
and then translates the magnetic information into
characters.
 MICR technology is used by banks. Numbers and
characters found on the bottom of checks (usually
containing the check number, sort number, and
account number) are printed using Magnetic Ink. To
print Magnetic Ink need, you need a laser printer that
accepts MICR toner.

19.  A light pen is
a computer input
device in the form of a
light-sensitive wand used
in conjunction with a
computer's CRT display.
 It allows the user to point
to displayed objects or
draw on the screen in a
similar way to a touch
screen but with greater
positional accuracy.

20.  A microphone is an
acoustic-to-electric
transducer or sens
or that converts sound in
air in to an electrical
signal. Microphones are
used in many applications
recording voice, speech
recognition, VoIP, and for
non-acoustic purposes
such as ultrasonic
checking or knock
sensors.

21.  A digital camera (or digicam)
is a camera that encodes digital
images and videos digitally and
stores them for later
reproduction. digital cameras
are incorporated into many
devices ranging
from PDAs and mobile phones
to vehicles.
 Digital and film cameras share
an optical system, typically using
a lens with a
variable diaphragm to focus light
onto an image pickup device.

22.  A barcode reader is an
electronic device for reading
printed barcodes. Like a flatbed
scanner, it consists of a light
source, a lens and a light sensor
translating optical impulses into
electrical ones. Additionally,
nearly all barcode readers
contain decoder circuitry
analyzing the barcode's image
data provided by the sensor and
sending the barcode's content to
the scanner's output port.

23. Monitor
 Printer
 Plotter
 Speaker

24.  A monitor or a display is
an electronic visual
display for computers. The
monitor comprises the
display device, circuitry and
an enclosure. The display
device in modern monitors
is typically a thin film
transistor liquid crystal
display (TFT-LCD) thin
panel, while older monitors
used a cathode ray
tube (CRT) about as deep as
the screen size.

25.  A printer is
an external hardware device
responsible for taking
computer data and
generating a hard copy of
that data. Printers are one of
the most used peripherals
on computers and are
commonly used to print
text, images, and photos.

26.  A device that draws pictures
on paper based
on commands from
a computer. Plotters differ
from printers in that they
draw lines using a pen. As a
result, they can produce
continuous lines, whereas
printers can only simulate
lines by printing a closely
spaced series of dot. Plotters
are used to print designs of
ships and machines, plans for
buildings and so on.

27.  Computer speakers,
or multimedia speakers,
are speakers external to a
computer, that disable the
lower fidelity built-in speaker.
They often have a low-power
internal amplifier.
 A hardware device connected
to a computer's sound card
that outputs sounds generated
by the computer.