The document summarizes the typical hardware components of a computer system in 3 paragraphs or less: Computer hardware includes input devices like keyboards and mice to enter data, memory to temporarily store data and instructions, a central processing unit (CPU) to perform processing, storage devices like hard drives to permanently store data and programs, and output devices like monitors and printers to display or print the results of processing. A computer system also consists of buses that connect the components and BIOS firmware that initializes the hardware during startup. Different types of computers include mainframes for large organizations, minicomputers and servers, and microcomputers ranging from desktop PCs to portable laptops and handheld devices.

1. Chapter 3 Hardware

3. Figure 3.1 Basic hardware components of a computer system

11. Figure 3.2 A personal computer labeled with the typical components

13. Figure 3.3 Different forms of computer system

32. Figure 3.4 Input devices in context

47. Figure 3.7 Output devices in context

60. Figure 3.8 Storage devices in context

64. Figure 3.9 Different views of the platters and sectors on hard disk drives

76. Storage-type summary of selection criteria

84. Table 3.2 Historical improvements in processor capability Date Name Transistors and microns Clock speed in MHz MIPS (millions of instructions per second) 1974 8080 6k ,6 2 0.64 1979 8088 29k, 3 5 0.33 1982 ‘ 286 134k, 1.5 6 1 1985 ‘ 386 275k, 1.5 16 5 1993 Pentium 3.1M, 0.8 60 100 1997 Pentium II 7.5M, 0.35 233 400 1999 Pentium III 9.5M, 0.25 450 1000 2001 Pentium 4 42M, 0.18 1500 1500

88. Graphics card standards

92. Figure 3.13 A typical expansion card for use with a personal computer

99. Evaluating proposals (Continued)