This document provides an overview of a training course on fundamentals of city and town planning in Mississippi. It discusses the objectives of understanding the roots and elements of good community planning. It covers the planning process, plan implementation, and the role of long-range decision making. The document then reviews the history of planning from ancient times to its 19th century roots in sanitation reform and the challenges of the industrial revolution. It also outlines key Supreme Court cases, acts, and influential planning theories and practitioners. Finally, it addresses contemporary issues shaping planning and the role of elected officials in building quality communities.
This document provides an overview of fundamentals of city and town planning in Mississippi. It begins with objectives of understanding the roots and elements of good planning and the planning process. It then discusses the origins and history of town planning from ancient times through the 19th and 20th centuries. Key figures and influences are mentioned, including Vitruvius, the Garden Cities movement, and zoning. Contemporary issues addressed include urbanization trends, demographics like aging, and health, energy and environmental considerations. The role of the public servant in planning is discussed. The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of creating great communities through comprehensive planning.
Planning and Urban Management-issues & challenges Subodh Shankar
With more and more people shifting to urban areas, the management issues of urban areas are getting complex day by day- posing serious challenges to urban planners and city managers. The slides, with the help of the case study of Curitiba(Brazil), discuss how an architect turned politician, through his innovative approaches solved the complex urban issues in most economical way.
Urbanization at global level and in indiaaziz khan
This document summarizes urbanization trends in India and globally. It discusses that urbanization refers to the proportion of people living in cities and the process of rural populations moving to urban areas. In India, cities are expanding rapidly and will be key to continued economic success if managed well through effective policies. However, rapid urbanization also brings challenges like lack of infrastructure, healthcare, education and poverty among urban populations. The government has launched programs to improve urban planning and development.
This document discusses trends in urbanization globally and regionally. Some key points:
- The world's urban population has grown from 760 million in 1950 to over 2.7 billion in 1998 and is expected to reach 5 billion by 2030.
- Urbanization levels are rising fastest in Africa and Asia currently, surpassing levels in more developed regions.
- Major challenges in developing countries include rapid urban growth rates outpacing infrastructure development and employment opportunities, leading to issues like rising inequality.
- Policy options focus on improving urban governance and management rather than slowing urban growth directly, as natural population increases will continue driving urbanization.
Urbanisation in bangladesh : Recent trends and challengesReyad Hossain
The key drivers of urban growth have been natural increase of urban populations, expansion of existing urban areas, reclassification of areas as urban, and rural to urban migration. However, urbanisation has also created challenges related to spatial imbalance, lack of employment opportunities, inadequate housing and infrastructure, environmental degradation, and governance issues. The document recommends addressing these challenges through balanced regional development, rural economic opportunities, basic services in rural areas, and improved governance.
The document discusses urbanization in the context of Nepal. It defines urbanization and traces its history in Nepal. Some key points made include:
- Urbanization in Nepal is defined as the transformation of rural areas into urban form through connections to transportation and growth.
- The benefits of urbanization include access to amenities, economic growth, and better living conditions.
- Urbanization is happening rapidly in Nepal and is an important part of the country's economic and social changes. However, rapid urbanization also faces challenges like unemployment, poverty, and environmental impacts.
- Improving urban governance, legal frameworks, and long-term planning will help ensure urbanization in Nepal is sustainable and beneficial.
Levels, Patterns and Trends of Urbanization (World)ShreemoyeeSaha1
1. What is Urbanization?
2. Levels of Urbanization in the World
3. Patterns of Urbanization in the World : Demographic Changes, Economic Development, Consumption Pattern, Urban Footprint.
4. Patterns of Urbanization in Asia.
5. Trends of Urbanization in the World : Past, Recent and Future Trends.
6. Timeline of Urbanization in the World (1950- 2050)
7. Projected Urban and Rural Population.
8. Urbanization and Sustainability.
This document discusses urbanization and its effects on the environment. It defines urban areas according to the census of India and lists factors that influence urbanization like population growth, industrialization, and environmental pressures. Both positive and negative effects of urbanization are outlined, including increased standards of living but also problems like overpopulation, pollution and increased crime. World patterns of urbanization show most growth occurring in Asia and Africa's medium and small cities. India's urbanization has increased gradually from 11% to 31% from 1901 to 2011. Rapid urbanization can have healthy and unhealthy consequences that require policy measures around integrated development planning and satellite town development.
This document provides an overview of fundamentals of city and town planning in Mississippi. It begins with objectives of understanding the roots and elements of good planning and the planning process. It then discusses the origins and history of town planning from ancient times through the 19th and 20th centuries. Key figures and influences are mentioned, including Vitruvius, the Garden Cities movement, and zoning. Contemporary issues addressed include urbanization trends, demographics like aging, and health, energy and environmental considerations. The role of the public servant in planning is discussed. The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of creating great communities through comprehensive planning.
Planning and Urban Management-issues & challenges Subodh Shankar
With more and more people shifting to urban areas, the management issues of urban areas are getting complex day by day- posing serious challenges to urban planners and city managers. The slides, with the help of the case study of Curitiba(Brazil), discuss how an architect turned politician, through his innovative approaches solved the complex urban issues in most economical way.
Urbanization at global level and in indiaaziz khan
This document summarizes urbanization trends in India and globally. It discusses that urbanization refers to the proportion of people living in cities and the process of rural populations moving to urban areas. In India, cities are expanding rapidly and will be key to continued economic success if managed well through effective policies. However, rapid urbanization also brings challenges like lack of infrastructure, healthcare, education and poverty among urban populations. The government has launched programs to improve urban planning and development.
This document discusses trends in urbanization globally and regionally. Some key points:
- The world's urban population has grown from 760 million in 1950 to over 2.7 billion in 1998 and is expected to reach 5 billion by 2030.
- Urbanization levels are rising fastest in Africa and Asia currently, surpassing levels in more developed regions.
- Major challenges in developing countries include rapid urban growth rates outpacing infrastructure development and employment opportunities, leading to issues like rising inequality.
- Policy options focus on improving urban governance and management rather than slowing urban growth directly, as natural population increases will continue driving urbanization.
Urbanisation in bangladesh : Recent trends and challengesReyad Hossain
The key drivers of urban growth have been natural increase of urban populations, expansion of existing urban areas, reclassification of areas as urban, and rural to urban migration. However, urbanisation has also created challenges related to spatial imbalance, lack of employment opportunities, inadequate housing and infrastructure, environmental degradation, and governance issues. The document recommends addressing these challenges through balanced regional development, rural economic opportunities, basic services in rural areas, and improved governance.
The document discusses urbanization in the context of Nepal. It defines urbanization and traces its history in Nepal. Some key points made include:
- Urbanization in Nepal is defined as the transformation of rural areas into urban form through connections to transportation and growth.
- The benefits of urbanization include access to amenities, economic growth, and better living conditions.
- Urbanization is happening rapidly in Nepal and is an important part of the country's economic and social changes. However, rapid urbanization also faces challenges like unemployment, poverty, and environmental impacts.
- Improving urban governance, legal frameworks, and long-term planning will help ensure urbanization in Nepal is sustainable and beneficial.
Levels, Patterns and Trends of Urbanization (World)ShreemoyeeSaha1
1. What is Urbanization?
2. Levels of Urbanization in the World
3. Patterns of Urbanization in the World : Demographic Changes, Economic Development, Consumption Pattern, Urban Footprint.
4. Patterns of Urbanization in Asia.
5. Trends of Urbanization in the World : Past, Recent and Future Trends.
6. Timeline of Urbanization in the World (1950- 2050)
7. Projected Urban and Rural Population.
8. Urbanization and Sustainability.
This document discusses urbanization and its effects on the environment. It defines urban areas according to the census of India and lists factors that influence urbanization like population growth, industrialization, and environmental pressures. Both positive and negative effects of urbanization are outlined, including increased standards of living but also problems like overpopulation, pollution and increased crime. World patterns of urbanization show most growth occurring in Asia and Africa's medium and small cities. India's urbanization has increased gradually from 11% to 31% from 1901 to 2011. Rapid urbanization can have healthy and unhealthy consequences that require policy measures around integrated development planning and satellite town development.
The document discusses the challenges and opportunities of urban development in the Philippines. Some key points:
- Rapid urbanization is occurring, with nearly half the population living in urban areas and Metro Manila's population projected to reach 14 million by 2030.
- This brings economic opportunities but also problems like traffic, lack of basic services, increasing slums and poverty, and environmental issues if not properly managed.
- Private sector involvement through public-private partnerships is seen as important to addressing infrastructure needs while not overburdening public finances.
- A national urban policy and stronger institutions are needed to better coordinate urban planning, housing, and service delivery across national and local governments.
Urbanization refers to an increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas compared to rural areas. As countries industrialize, more people migrate from rural to urban areas for employment in factories. This led to the development of inner cities with dense rows of terraced housing for workers.
Urbanization can cause problems like congestion, lack of housing, and environmental issues. Many cities also have sharp inequalities in housing, health, and employment. Some try to escape these problems through counter-urbanization or moving to the edges of cities. Long-term solutions involve making cities more sustainable.
Bangladesh is experiencing rapid urbanization as its population grows. By 2060, it is estimated that Bangladesh will have a population of 230 million people, over 70% of whom will live in urban areas. Several factors are driving urban growth, including better access to food, healthcare, education, jobs, and entertainment in cities. Currently, Bangladesh has around 570 urban centers of various sizes, ranging from the megacity of Dhaka to smaller towns. Rapid urbanization is increasing pollution and placing pressure on infrastructure, but prospects for improving electrification, transportation, schools, healthcare, housing, and sanitation could help Bangladesh manage its urban growth.
Urbanization is the increasing percentage of people living in urban areas. It results from rural migration and population growth in cities. Functionalism views society as a complex system where all parts influence each other. Two theories are human ecology, which examines human relationships with environments, and urban ecology, which studies organisms in urban settings. Functionalism includes three theories of urban structure: concentric zone theory of socioeconomic zones radiating from the city center; demographic transition theory of population changes from high birth/death rates to low rates; and multiple nuclei theory of specialized activity centers in a city.
Urbanization is defined as the growth of urban areas due to rural populations migrating to existing urban centers. This document outlines several factors that influence urban growth, including push factors in rural areas like lack of opportunities and facilities, and pull factors in urban areas like better access to jobs, education, and infrastructure. Models of urban land use are also discussed, including the concentric zone model showing zones expanding from the urban core, the sector model showing development along transportation routes, and the multiple nuclei model showing zones developing around separate urban centers. The effects of urbanization on economies and environments are briefly mentioned.
The document discusses urbanization in India during the post-Independence period. It notes that urbanization increased rapidly during this time, with the urban population rising from 17.6% in 1951 to 23.7% in 1981. Key factors driving urban growth included rural-to-urban migration, the establishment of new administrative and industrial cities, and the expansion of existing large cities. Some examples given are the creation of new state capitals like Chandigarh and the rise of industrial cities around steel, fertilizer, and port facilities.
Urbanization is defined as the process of villages converting into urban or cities. It occurs when certain population and density thresholds are met, such as a population over 5,000 people or a density over 400 people per square kilometer. Factors contributing to urban population growth include natural increase, internal rural-to-urban migration, international urban migration, and reclassification of boundaries. While urbanization has positive impacts such as facilitating information diffusion and reducing costs of service delivery, it also has negative impacts including increased urban poverty, inequality, and the rise of slums housing 30-50% of urban populations in developing countries.
Squatters settle on land, especially public or unoccupied land, without legal right or title, whereas slums refer to highly congested urban areas marked by deteriorated housing and living conditions. The UN defines slums as neglected parts of cities with appallingly poor living conditions lacking basic services. While strategies in the past tried to address slums through public housing and upgrading, problems have grown due to various issues such as lack of funding, interest, and tenure security for squatters. Effective slum upgrading requires local participation, affordability, sustainability, and provision of basic infrastructure like sanitation, roads/drainage, and water supply.
This document discusses perspectives on urbanization, including causes and problems associated with urban growth. It covers several theories of urbanization, such as the demographic transition theory and concentric zone theory. Functionalism views urbanization as both functional and dysfunctional for society. Conflict theory emphasizes how power and wealth influence urban development under capitalism. The document also outlines current urban problems in developing areas, such as uncontrollable growth, pollution, unemployment, and shortage of housing and land.
Urbanization refers to the increasing proportion of people living in cities and urban areas. It is closely connected to industrialization. The document discusses the causes and effects of urbanization in Pakistan. The major causes include population growth, migration for jobs and services, and economic opportunities in cities. Effects include issues like unemployment, housing shortages, pollution, and disease. To address problems, the document recommends strengthening rural economies to reduce migration, improving public transport, providing jobs, and sustainable urban development.
Urbanization and the growth of cities is accelerating globally. By 2050, 75% of the world's population is projected to live in urban areas. Asian cities in particular will see huge growth, with China and India accounting for many of the fastest growing large cities. While Asian cities aim to become global cities on par with New York and London, many face challenges in building sufficient infrastructure and maintaining livability. However, the cultural vibrancy and economic opportunities of Asian cities continue to draw large migrant populations. Urban planning will be crucial for cities to manage issues around housing, pollution, and overcrowding that often accompany rapid urbanization.
This document discusses urban environments and development. It defines urbanization as the process by which towns and cities are formed and become larger as more people live and work in central areas, shifting populations from rural to urban areas. Urban development is concerned with using land and designing the urban environment to guide orderly community development. Sustainable development meets current needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs. Rapid urban growth brings both economic opportunities from proximity but also environmental and health challenges if not managed sustainably.
The document discusses urbanization in Bangladesh. It defines urbanization and related terms. It then discusses the importance of urbanization for Bangladesh's economic growth. However, it also notes the many challenges of urbanization, including population growth, unemployment, poverty, and lack of infrastructure and services. The document outlines Bangladesh's national urban policy and strategies to promote sustainable urban development by addressing these challenges and balancing the economic and social impacts of urbanization.
Urbanization in India refers to the increasing percentage of people living in urban areas. According to the 2011 census, India's urban population was 31.16% of the total population. The three states with the largest urban populations were Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu, while the states with the smallest urban populations were Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, and Mizoram. Between 2001-2011, India's population grew by 181 million people, with 90 million in rural areas and 91 million in urban areas, showing nearly equal growth rates in rural and urban populations for the first time. Problems of rapid urbanization in India include unemployment, lack of adequate housing, pollution, and insufficient infrastructure
1. Evidence of urban planning can be found as far back as ancient cities which had orderly street systems and water/sewage systems. During the Renaissance, European cities were planned with defenses and for population flow. This spread to colonial cities like Philadelphia which used the grid plan.
2. Urban planning emerged in response to health, social, and economic crises of the Industrial Revolution. Thinkers like Engels documented worker issues while planners tried balancing cities and nature. The parks movement aimed to beautify cities. Garden cities separated homes from industry with greenbelts.
3. Modern planners included those aiming to regulate cities like Burnham versus idealists pursuing new communities like Howard. Debates centered on
Urbanization refers to the gradual shift in populations from rural to urban areas. It began during the Industrial Revolution due to job opportunities in cities and factories. Since then, the process has continued and accelerated due to factors like improved transportation, infrastructure development, and migration driven by lack of rural jobs. Today over half the world's population lives in urban areas, and urbanization is a major trend in developing countries as more seek opportunities in cities. India has seen significant urbanization driven by industrialization, which concentrates jobs and people in urban centers.
The document discusses urbanization in India. It notes that the percentage of India's population residing in urban areas has grown significantly from 11.4% in 1901 to 31.16% in 2011 according to census data. The major causes of urbanization in India include industrialization which has expanded employment opportunities in cities, as well as social and economic factors that attract people to urban areas like education, standard of living, and the need for employment stability compared to agriculture. The effects of rapid urbanization include overpopulation, high costs of living, increased crime, pollution, and stress from impersonal social structures in cities.
Impact of industrialization and urbanization on social life of workersAkhilesh Tripathi
Industrialization and urbanization have significantly impacted the social lives of workers in India. Traditional joint families have broken down and become smaller as people migrate to cities for jobs. Caste and religion have also become less important as social mobility has increased. New forms of entertainment have emerged to fill leisure time as families have gotten smaller. However, rapid urbanization has also created problems like overcrowded slums with poor sanitation, traffic congestion, waste management issues and inadequate water and sewerage systems in cities.
Rural-urban migration is increasing urbanization globally. People migrate from rural to urban areas due to push factors in rural areas like lack of jobs, poverty, and poor infrastructure as well as pull factors of the city like more jobs and economic opportunities, improved standards of living, and access to services. Urbanization grew rapidly in now-developed countries during industrialization as people moved to cities for factory and mine jobs. In poorer countries today, high fertility rates and natural increase in cities also contribute to urban growth, as do cities being centers of industry and opportunity.
Urbanization is defined as the process where more people live in urban areas like towns and cities. The document discusses the rates of urbanization in different countries from 2010-2015. It also examines the challenges of rapid urbanization in South Africa, including housing shortages and the rise of shack settlements. China and India are highlighted as experiencing very fast urbanization currently, with China being more urbanized at 41% compared to India's 29% in 2005. The top causes of urbanization mentioned are opportunities for jobs, education, and transportation that cities provide.
The 60 minute lesson plan teaches 3rd year students about mass units by having them measure and record the masses of various objects using a weighing scale. Students will learn to read scales to the nearest division, measure masses using kilograms and grams, and work cooperatively in groups to weigh objects and record their masses in a table.
Kigali | Nov-14 | Sustainable village energy: off the planning board and into...Smart Villages
This document provides guidance and examples for writing news stories about sustainable village energy projects. It begins with an excerpt from a Mother Jones article about a Tanzanian farmer who spends $10 per month on diesel to power his TV. The document then suggests connecting with the audience and leading them through the story. It provides examples of translating technical information into common language. The goal is to accurately and clearly share these stories while being fair to different perspectives.
The document discusses the challenges and opportunities of urban development in the Philippines. Some key points:
- Rapid urbanization is occurring, with nearly half the population living in urban areas and Metro Manila's population projected to reach 14 million by 2030.
- This brings economic opportunities but also problems like traffic, lack of basic services, increasing slums and poverty, and environmental issues if not properly managed.
- Private sector involvement through public-private partnerships is seen as important to addressing infrastructure needs while not overburdening public finances.
- A national urban policy and stronger institutions are needed to better coordinate urban planning, housing, and service delivery across national and local governments.
Urbanization refers to an increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas compared to rural areas. As countries industrialize, more people migrate from rural to urban areas for employment in factories. This led to the development of inner cities with dense rows of terraced housing for workers.
Urbanization can cause problems like congestion, lack of housing, and environmental issues. Many cities also have sharp inequalities in housing, health, and employment. Some try to escape these problems through counter-urbanization or moving to the edges of cities. Long-term solutions involve making cities more sustainable.
Bangladesh is experiencing rapid urbanization as its population grows. By 2060, it is estimated that Bangladesh will have a population of 230 million people, over 70% of whom will live in urban areas. Several factors are driving urban growth, including better access to food, healthcare, education, jobs, and entertainment in cities. Currently, Bangladesh has around 570 urban centers of various sizes, ranging from the megacity of Dhaka to smaller towns. Rapid urbanization is increasing pollution and placing pressure on infrastructure, but prospects for improving electrification, transportation, schools, healthcare, housing, and sanitation could help Bangladesh manage its urban growth.
Urbanization is the increasing percentage of people living in urban areas. It results from rural migration and population growth in cities. Functionalism views society as a complex system where all parts influence each other. Two theories are human ecology, which examines human relationships with environments, and urban ecology, which studies organisms in urban settings. Functionalism includes three theories of urban structure: concentric zone theory of socioeconomic zones radiating from the city center; demographic transition theory of population changes from high birth/death rates to low rates; and multiple nuclei theory of specialized activity centers in a city.
Urbanization is defined as the growth of urban areas due to rural populations migrating to existing urban centers. This document outlines several factors that influence urban growth, including push factors in rural areas like lack of opportunities and facilities, and pull factors in urban areas like better access to jobs, education, and infrastructure. Models of urban land use are also discussed, including the concentric zone model showing zones expanding from the urban core, the sector model showing development along transportation routes, and the multiple nuclei model showing zones developing around separate urban centers. The effects of urbanization on economies and environments are briefly mentioned.
The document discusses urbanization in India during the post-Independence period. It notes that urbanization increased rapidly during this time, with the urban population rising from 17.6% in 1951 to 23.7% in 1981. Key factors driving urban growth included rural-to-urban migration, the establishment of new administrative and industrial cities, and the expansion of existing large cities. Some examples given are the creation of new state capitals like Chandigarh and the rise of industrial cities around steel, fertilizer, and port facilities.
Urbanization is defined as the process of villages converting into urban or cities. It occurs when certain population and density thresholds are met, such as a population over 5,000 people or a density over 400 people per square kilometer. Factors contributing to urban population growth include natural increase, internal rural-to-urban migration, international urban migration, and reclassification of boundaries. While urbanization has positive impacts such as facilitating information diffusion and reducing costs of service delivery, it also has negative impacts including increased urban poverty, inequality, and the rise of slums housing 30-50% of urban populations in developing countries.
Squatters settle on land, especially public or unoccupied land, without legal right or title, whereas slums refer to highly congested urban areas marked by deteriorated housing and living conditions. The UN defines slums as neglected parts of cities with appallingly poor living conditions lacking basic services. While strategies in the past tried to address slums through public housing and upgrading, problems have grown due to various issues such as lack of funding, interest, and tenure security for squatters. Effective slum upgrading requires local participation, affordability, sustainability, and provision of basic infrastructure like sanitation, roads/drainage, and water supply.
This document discusses perspectives on urbanization, including causes and problems associated with urban growth. It covers several theories of urbanization, such as the demographic transition theory and concentric zone theory. Functionalism views urbanization as both functional and dysfunctional for society. Conflict theory emphasizes how power and wealth influence urban development under capitalism. The document also outlines current urban problems in developing areas, such as uncontrollable growth, pollution, unemployment, and shortage of housing and land.
Urbanization refers to the increasing proportion of people living in cities and urban areas. It is closely connected to industrialization. The document discusses the causes and effects of urbanization in Pakistan. The major causes include population growth, migration for jobs and services, and economic opportunities in cities. Effects include issues like unemployment, housing shortages, pollution, and disease. To address problems, the document recommends strengthening rural economies to reduce migration, improving public transport, providing jobs, and sustainable urban development.
Urbanization and the growth of cities is accelerating globally. By 2050, 75% of the world's population is projected to live in urban areas. Asian cities in particular will see huge growth, with China and India accounting for many of the fastest growing large cities. While Asian cities aim to become global cities on par with New York and London, many face challenges in building sufficient infrastructure and maintaining livability. However, the cultural vibrancy and economic opportunities of Asian cities continue to draw large migrant populations. Urban planning will be crucial for cities to manage issues around housing, pollution, and overcrowding that often accompany rapid urbanization.
This document discusses urban environments and development. It defines urbanization as the process by which towns and cities are formed and become larger as more people live and work in central areas, shifting populations from rural to urban areas. Urban development is concerned with using land and designing the urban environment to guide orderly community development. Sustainable development meets current needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs. Rapid urban growth brings both economic opportunities from proximity but also environmental and health challenges if not managed sustainably.
The document discusses urbanization in Bangladesh. It defines urbanization and related terms. It then discusses the importance of urbanization for Bangladesh's economic growth. However, it also notes the many challenges of urbanization, including population growth, unemployment, poverty, and lack of infrastructure and services. The document outlines Bangladesh's national urban policy and strategies to promote sustainable urban development by addressing these challenges and balancing the economic and social impacts of urbanization.
Urbanization in India refers to the increasing percentage of people living in urban areas. According to the 2011 census, India's urban population was 31.16% of the total population. The three states with the largest urban populations were Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu, while the states with the smallest urban populations were Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, and Mizoram. Between 2001-2011, India's population grew by 181 million people, with 90 million in rural areas and 91 million in urban areas, showing nearly equal growth rates in rural and urban populations for the first time. Problems of rapid urbanization in India include unemployment, lack of adequate housing, pollution, and insufficient infrastructure
1. Evidence of urban planning can be found as far back as ancient cities which had orderly street systems and water/sewage systems. During the Renaissance, European cities were planned with defenses and for population flow. This spread to colonial cities like Philadelphia which used the grid plan.
2. Urban planning emerged in response to health, social, and economic crises of the Industrial Revolution. Thinkers like Engels documented worker issues while planners tried balancing cities and nature. The parks movement aimed to beautify cities. Garden cities separated homes from industry with greenbelts.
3. Modern planners included those aiming to regulate cities like Burnham versus idealists pursuing new communities like Howard. Debates centered on
Urbanization refers to the gradual shift in populations from rural to urban areas. It began during the Industrial Revolution due to job opportunities in cities and factories. Since then, the process has continued and accelerated due to factors like improved transportation, infrastructure development, and migration driven by lack of rural jobs. Today over half the world's population lives in urban areas, and urbanization is a major trend in developing countries as more seek opportunities in cities. India has seen significant urbanization driven by industrialization, which concentrates jobs and people in urban centers.
The document discusses urbanization in India. It notes that the percentage of India's population residing in urban areas has grown significantly from 11.4% in 1901 to 31.16% in 2011 according to census data. The major causes of urbanization in India include industrialization which has expanded employment opportunities in cities, as well as social and economic factors that attract people to urban areas like education, standard of living, and the need for employment stability compared to agriculture. The effects of rapid urbanization include overpopulation, high costs of living, increased crime, pollution, and stress from impersonal social structures in cities.
Impact of industrialization and urbanization on social life of workersAkhilesh Tripathi
Industrialization and urbanization have significantly impacted the social lives of workers in India. Traditional joint families have broken down and become smaller as people migrate to cities for jobs. Caste and religion have also become less important as social mobility has increased. New forms of entertainment have emerged to fill leisure time as families have gotten smaller. However, rapid urbanization has also created problems like overcrowded slums with poor sanitation, traffic congestion, waste management issues and inadequate water and sewerage systems in cities.
Rural-urban migration is increasing urbanization globally. People migrate from rural to urban areas due to push factors in rural areas like lack of jobs, poverty, and poor infrastructure as well as pull factors of the city like more jobs and economic opportunities, improved standards of living, and access to services. Urbanization grew rapidly in now-developed countries during industrialization as people moved to cities for factory and mine jobs. In poorer countries today, high fertility rates and natural increase in cities also contribute to urban growth, as do cities being centers of industry and opportunity.
Urbanization is defined as the process where more people live in urban areas like towns and cities. The document discusses the rates of urbanization in different countries from 2010-2015. It also examines the challenges of rapid urbanization in South Africa, including housing shortages and the rise of shack settlements. China and India are highlighted as experiencing very fast urbanization currently, with China being more urbanized at 41% compared to India's 29% in 2005. The top causes of urbanization mentioned are opportunities for jobs, education, and transportation that cities provide.
The 60 minute lesson plan teaches 3rd year students about mass units by having them measure and record the masses of various objects using a weighing scale. Students will learn to read scales to the nearest division, measure masses using kilograms and grams, and work cooperatively in groups to weigh objects and record their masses in a table.
Kigali | Nov-14 | Sustainable village energy: off the planning board and into...Smart Villages
This document provides guidance and examples for writing news stories about sustainable village energy projects. It begins with an excerpt from a Mother Jones article about a Tanzanian farmer who spends $10 per month on diesel to power his TV. The document then suggests connecting with the audience and leading them through the story. It provides examples of translating technical information into common language. The goal is to accurately and clearly share these stories while being fair to different perspectives.
Explore picturesque villages, we provide Rural village tours and travel plan and itinerary to explore the fascinating villages and rural destinations and witness of the true culture of India
This is a presentation on Agri-villages as a modern solution to Land Reform is South Africa. This involves applying Ecovillage and Permaculture Principles, to the needs of underdeveloped rural communities.
The Rural Village Tour offered by A Village Retreat gives visitors a glimpse of rural Indian village life. The tour includes accommodation at A Village Retreat in Wazirpur Village, with meals included. Guests will go on a 2-hour tractor ride to 3 nearby villages and walk through one of the villages, seeing homes, shops, temples, and local artisans at work. They can also participate in optional activities like camel cart rides, games at A Village Retreat, and pottery making with a local potter.
Lecture 7 regionalism in india and search for indiannessNipesh P Narayanan
The document discusses the history of regionalism and search for Indian identity in architecture. It covers key topics such as the emergence of regionalism in the mid-20th century focused on vernacular architecture. Important figures who promoted regionalism including Bernard Rudofsky, Paul Oliver and Hassan Fathy are highlighted. The document also examines how regionalism emerged in India through figures like Mahatma Gandhi and the need to define an architecture for post-independence India drawing from local culture and traditions. Key Indian architects discussed include Laurie Baker, Raj Rewal, Charles Correa and their approach towards regional modernism.
This document discusses the AGL Sustainable Living Project and Competition hosted by UNSW. The competition is open to all high school students and offers $30,000 in rewards. It also provides information about sustainable architecture and living. Some key points made are:
1) Buildings provide shelter and also meet human needs like light, water, waste disposal, and more.
2) Sustainable design considers the environmental context and interdependence of all systems, which traditional design has neglected.
3) Meeting our needs in a sustainable way considers the entire lifecycle and reduces environmental problems.
"Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
SUSTAINABLE: Ecological and economical way of living to make human kind healthy and happy
�ARCHITECTURE :The art and science of making buildings.
Includes technology as well as aesthetics
�
This is a seminar made on sustainable architecture, containing
INTRODUCTION
NEED
METHODS
ELEMENTS
PRINCIPLES
DESIGN STRATEGY
SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS
RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION
TYPES
EXAMPLES
REFERENCES.
Presentation to the International Association for Public Participation (IAP2) North America Conference in Winnipeg on the design assistance progress, it's adapted models, and how it applies to a variety of community settings.
Global challenges like urbanization, inequality, and climate change threaten communities. By 2030, 6 in 10 people will live in cities facing housing shortages and increased costs of $16 trillion to address. Climate change will require $75-100 billion annually for developing countries to adapt. Inequality between neighborhoods in major cities has grown significantly. However, citizen-led grassroots movements and design assistance teams providing pro bono expertise have helped many communities implement revitalization strategies. Examples in Provincetown, Austin, and Tampa transitioned areas from car-oriented to more connected, sustainable, and equitable places.
The document discusses strategies for economic gardening and civic engagement. It describes how the Town of Windsor engaged young people by creating opportunities for them to serve on boards and commissions. It also discusses how the towns of Farmington and Middletown, Connecticut revitalized their downtown areas through planning, placemaking, and attracting new businesses. A civic entrepreneur describes a makerspace that brings people together and supports local innovation. The discussion focuses on cultivating talent, connections, and a passion for local communities.
History of community action module 1.final1 1NancyCotton3
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Fundamentals of city and town planning in mississippi
1. Fundamentals of City and Town
Planning In Mississippi
Core Course
Certified Elected Officials Training
Robert L. Barber, FAICP
Orion Planning Group
June 23, 2014 – Biloxi, Mississippi
2. Objectives
• Understand the roots of city and town
planning
• Understand the elements of a good
community
• Identify and understand the planning process
• Understand the nature of plan
implementation
• Engage in long range decision making
consistent with long term planning vision
3. “I know of no safe depository of the ultimate powers of
society but the people themselves, and if we think
them not enlighten to exercise their control with a
wholesome discretion, the remedy is not to take it
from them, but to inform their discretion by
education.”
Thomas Jefferson
5. “We ought to plan the ideal of our city with an
eye to four considerations. The first, as being
the most indispensable, is health.” — Aristotle
6. An Ancient Concern
“Thanks to you Germanicus, no
pillar is now with chained flagons,
nor does the grimy cook-shop
monopolize the public way. Barber,
tavern-keeper, cook and butcher
keep within their threshold. Now
Rome exists, which was so recently
one vast shop.”
Domitian, praising Roman City Planning Efforts, A.D.
93
8. 19th Century Roots in
Sanitation Reform
• Rapid Urbanization – 6% live in cities in 1800; 51% by 1920
•Miasma theory prevalent
•Council of Hygiene and Public Health in New York established in 1864
calls for elimination of noxious gas sources, dirty streets and overflowing
sewers
•U.S. Sanitation Commission established in 1861; Fredrick Law Olmstead
appointed Secretary during the civil war
•Urban landscape viewed as “crowded, dirty, polluted, smelly, noisy and
dangerous” and diseases originate and spread in poor neighborhoods
9. John Snow – 1854 - Broad Street, London
Established a connection of physical form and health
11. Urban Conditions at the Turn of the
Century
• Crowded tenements, 10 and 12 people to a
room
• Homes built 15 feet x 12 feet
• Cholera outbreaks
• No sewers
Schoolhistory.org.uk
18. Euclid V. Ambler
Eminent Domain
Police Power
Rational
Reasonable
Proportionate
U.S. Supreme Court
VILLAGE OF EUCLID, OHIO v. AMBLER REALTY CO.,
272 U.S. 365 (1926)
272 U.S. 365
VILLAGE OF EUCLID, OHIO, et al.
v.
AMBLER REALTY CO.
No. 31.
Reargued Oct. 12, 1926.
Decided Nov. 22, 1926.
19. Alfred Bettman defended
the practice of zoning on
the basis of advancing the
public health safety and
welfare in 1926.
20.
21. Housing Act 1954 Spreads
the Planning Practice
“The preparation of this document was financed
in part through an Urban Planning Grant from
the Department of Housing and Urban
Development, under the provisions of Section
701 of the Housing Act of 1954 as amended.”
22. Public Health and
Amenity
Standards and Utopia
Modernism
Design of Buildings
and Places
Reaction Against
Control
Re-emergent Design
Concerns
Urban Renaissance
Sustainable
Communities
1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
23.
24. What is Different Now?
• Urbanization
• Demographics – Aging, Family Structure
• Housing Market
• Health Concerns
• Energy Costs
• Environmental Considerations
• Technology
25. Urbanization of America
• 19th Century
– Total US. Population – 5 million
– Urbanized population - 300,000 (6%)
• 20th Century
– Total US. Population – 76 million
– Urbanized population - 10 million (40%)
• 21th Century
– Total US. Population – 281 million
– Urbanized population - 225 million (80%)
• 22th Century
– Total US. Population – 570 million
– Urbanized population - 513 million (90%)
Professional Development Seminar
April 19, 2013
26. The Next 50 Years
• The United States will grow by 124 million people over the
next 50 years.
• We will need to build 40 to 50 million new housing units to
support that growth. What will the next generation of
development look like?
• The world’s population will grow by 2.3 billion people over the
next 50 years.
Source: Census Bureau and World Bank
29. Source of data: U.S. Census Bureau, State Interim Projections by Age and Sex: 2004-2030, 2005.
The Graying of America
Percent of Total U.S. Population over 65 in 2000
30. Source of data: U.S. Census Bureau, State Interim Projections by Age and Sex: 2004-2030, 2005.
The Graying of America
Percent of Total U.S. Population over 65 in 2030
31. Projections on Aging and Households
• By 2030 one in 5 Americans will be over
age 65. Today 1 in 5 Americans have a
disability.
• Life Expectancy will increase from 76 in
1993 to 82.6 in 2050. By 2050, the
number of Americans over 85 will triple
from 5.4 million to 19 million.
• By 2025, the number of single person
households will equal family households.
By 2050 the overwhelming majority of
households will be single.
• Source: U.S. Census Bureau
32.
33. Household Change 1960 - 2025
1960 2000 2025
Household with
Children
48% 33% 28%
Households without
children
52% 67% 72%
Single Person
households
13% 26% 28%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
49. Landscaping
•Green Space/Landscaping
•Keep the green and add +++
•Continuous landscaping
•Landscaping Standards
•Make space more kid and pet friendly
•Plant more trees
•Sidewalks, trees
•More green spaces
•Green spaces for community gardens
•Required new development to have &
green space
57. An Economic Definition
Negative by-products of productive economic activity
“Negative Externalities”
58.
59.
60.
61.
62. A Civics Definition
Coordinated governmental action in pursuit
of the “community good”
63. Its all about building quality of life or
a Great Community!
64. Assumptions on Planning
Post WW II – 1980’s
• Manufacturing
• Auto Dominance
• Limitless Expansion
• Private design
Emergent ed
Understanding
• Service and Technology
economies
• Value of people in the
townscape
• Importance of Resource
Conservation
• Partnership in design
65. What is a Great Community?
• Connected
• Attractive
• Safe
• Prosperous
• Healthy
• Just
66. Five QOL Principles
• 90 percent chance community will move in
the direction planned
• Civic attitude is more important than any
obstacle faced
• Design and detail are vitally Important
• All must be included, from top to bottom,
rich to poor (as best we can)
• Team effort is crucial
67. If you aren’t in a city where people want to live,
you aren’t in a city where people want to invest.
Chattanooga Mayor Littlefield
“Chance favors a prepared mind.”
Louis Pasteur
“We would have never done some of these things if
someone had not thought about them 20 years ago.”
Knox Ross, Mayor,
Pelahatchie, Mississippi
68. Three Small Town Development Eras
• Initial settlement towns – 1830’s to 1850’s,
first settlements, government centers
planned around town squares accessible to
horse travel
69. • Railroad towns – mid 1850’s thru 1920’s,
town development prompted by railroad
development, either linear or gridded in form
70. • Automobile Towns – Post World War II
Development – 1920’s to present, linear in
form, develop around major auto routes
77. What is a Plan
• A scheme, program, or method worked out
beforehand for the accomplishment of an
objective....(Webster)
• Written account of intended future course of
action (scheme) aimed at achieving specific
goal(s) (Business Dictionary
79. Mississippi Planning Law
• Title 17-1-1 Mississippi Code Annotated
– Plan Defined
– Establishment of planning commission discussed
– Method of development, adoption, and
administration set forth
– Method and procedure for amendment set forth
89. 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
85 years and over
80 to 84 years
75 to 79 years
70 to 74 years
65 to 69 years
60 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
50 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
40 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
30 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
20 to 24 years
15 to 19 years
10 to 14 years
5 to 9 years
Under 5 years
90. Ages Survival 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Under 5 99.2% 1,300 1300 1300 1300 1300
5 to 9 99.1% 1,139 1290 1290 1290 1290
10 to 14 99.0% 1,084 1129 1278 1278 1278
15 to 19 98.8% 1,135 1073 1117 1265 1265
20 to 24 98.3% 1,040 1121 1060 1104 1250
25 to 29 97.8% 1,055 1022 1102 1042 1085
30 to 34 97.3% 979 1032 1000 1078 1019
35 to 39 96.6% 881 953 1004 973 1049
49 to 44 95.6% 817 851 920 970 940
45 to 49 93.9% 1,007 781 814 880 927
50 to 54 91.6% 1,120 946 733 764 826
55 to 59 88.3% 1,007 1026 866 672 700
60 to 64 83.7% 732 889 906 765 593
65 to 69 77.1% 524 613 744 758 640
70 to 74 68.0% 406 404 472 574 585
75 to 79 55.5% 325 276 275 321 390
80 to 84 39.7% 328 180 153 152 178
85+ 0.0% 326 130 72 61 61
Total 15,205 15,016 15,107 15,247 15,376
91. The is no case in human where
prosperity is experienced in the face
of declining human capital…
92.
93. Economics
• Study Area – Brandon – 15 min
– 30 min – Jackson MSA
• Jackson MSA = $9.8 B market
• Brandon = $516 M
market (5% of region)
• Study area = 2% of Brandon
• Brandon
• Total 2012 SALES = $516
million
• Total 2012 EXPENDITURES =
$355 million
• Brandon GAINED $160 million
in 2012
• Study area GAINED $8 million
99. Current Conditions
Commercial Auto Oriented 64,779
Commercial Consumer Goods 181,227
Commercial Durable Goods 64,184
Commercial Restaurant 49,702
Commercial Groceries 29,679
Medical Services 24,447
Office 119,398
Personal Services 70,863
Prime Financial Services 46,078
Public/Semi-Public 192,802
Residential 104,736
Storage 19,522
Sub-Prime Financial Services 29,540
Vacant 76,370
Not Yet Classified 25,797
Total 1,099,124
250,000 Building Floor Area
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
-
Hardy Street Corridor
100.
101.
102. Land Use Projections for the Madison County Health Care District Plan
Employment and Support Facilities Land
Use Projections
Floor Area in
SF
Floor Area in
Acres
Support Area
Factor
Planning
Area/Acres
Target Sector Employment Projections 2008
- 2018
1893
Target Sector Employment Projections 2018
- 2028
1893
Total Target Sector Employment Projections 3786
Square feet of Floor Area per employee 300
Total Square feet of Floor Area for Targeted
Sector
1,135,800 26 4 104
Support facilities ratio 33%
Support Facilities Floor Area 374,814 9 4 34
Residential Land Use Projections Density
Madison County Persons per HH (2010) 2.7
HH represented by employment 1402
District Capture Rate 60%
Residents related to employment 841 5 168
Number of Assisted Living Units 100 10 10
Parks and Open Space
Existing Park Area 125
New Park Space 25
Other Corridor Activity
Existing Hospital Area Committed 30
Existing and Future Higher Education 30
Corridor Commercial 25% of Residential, Empl. And Support 95
Highway ROW 32
Environmental Constraints 10
Total District Size in Acres 664
103. What natural features need to be
protected?
Wastewater Lagoons
• Water quality
• Flow between treatment
plant and lagoons
107. Beginning With the End In Mind
• Sources for Development of
Goals and Objectives
– Planning Commissions
– Stakeholder groups
– Public engagement
– Your leadership
109. Old and New Ways
• Public hearings
• Crowd sourcing
• The charrette
• Web based surveys
• Web based interaction
110.
111.
112.
113.
114. Building and Site Design
•Design guidelines for new construction
•We don’t want to look like Broadway Dr.
•Standards appearance of commercial buildings
(attractive)
•Bring buildings closer to street
•Zoning Limitations (group like businesses
together)
•Sign rules, height, size, style, etc.
•Lighting
•New street light design
•Light up alleys
•Monument signage/standards
115. Community Scale Activity Private Use/Activity
•Dog Parks
•Dog Park
•Spruce up zoo and park
•Highlight zoo/park
•Emphasize 19th Ave hill near water
dept.
•Move water department
•Better neighborhood grocery store
•Farmers Market
•Create zones/ themes along Hardy
Street (Arts district, etc.)
•Protection of old/historic buildings
•Re-use/repurpose historic buildings to
house commercial building
•Anchored by drugstores
•Outdoor cafes along creek/landscaped
creek
116. City of Holly Springs Mission
Statement
“The City of Holly Springs will develop as a growing, united
and economically thriving community which [aggressively]
facilitates the health, safety and wellbeing of its citizens.
Recognizing the value of its all its assets, with citizens
being the most important, we will pursue a balanced
approach to the future by protecting our natural
environment, promoting a quality townscape, pursuing the
preservation of its all its history, cultivating local business
talents and encouraging arts and cultural concerns. The City
will pursue this mission through the implementation of
[progressive] public planning policies, strategic community
development initiatives and complementary partnerships
with like minded organizations.”
117. We are Downtown Brandon
We are Downtown Brandon, and we are real and genuine.
• In a region where communities are defined more by chain stores and highway development,
Brandon has remained the one traditional and authentic downtown in the metro area. With
our Town Square and historic architecture, quaint shops and active spaces, Downtown
Brandon has become a place to emulate and recreate.
• Downtown is the place that connects our people, and it the window to our community's
heart ands spirit. That spirit is seen on Red Friday's in our local shops, heard in children's’
voices playing at our downtown school, and tasted in the home town cooking in our
downtown restaurants. Most importantly, it is felt in the hospitality that our people are
known for, where Boy Scouts and beauty queens once greeted visitors on the Square with a
Coke and a smile.
• We strive to retain and enhance the character of our downtown. With an improved Town
Square, pedestrian enhancements, mixture of uses and active spaces, Downtown Brandon
will solidify its place as the heart and soul of our community and beyond. We are creating
new experiences in downtown, with opportunities for living, new cultural activities and
events, and more dining and shopping opportunities.
• This will only grow the spirit of our downtown and community, solidifying our place as the
singular quaint, small town experience surrounded by ordinary of the urban metro.
Downtown Brandon. Real Character. Genuine Charm
134. The Lost Process of Capital Budgeting
Applying rational, business
like approach to public
investment
•Prioritize projects
according to plan
•Analyze financial capacity
•Fund according to
schedule
136. “No Plan should be a duplicate of
another. No zoning control should be an
exact duplicate of another.
If local issues and goals are respected in
the planning process, the individuality of
communities will be expressed in their
development codes.”
Me
148. What Did Your Planning
Decision Impact?
•Overall Town Economy
•Household Economics
(energy)
•Environmental Quality
•Public Safety?
•Taxation?
•Health?
149. There is no one size fits all – Solutions
range from the simple to complex
-Property Use Zones
-Special rules for nuisance uses
-Design and character considerations
-Our Purpose is to build a better
community
150. Subdivision Control
• Generally administrative in nature
• Usually involves the application of technical
engineering criteria to development
•As opposed to zoning, subdividing property is
considered “by-right “ if criteria are met
• Generally a heavy emphasis on infrastructure
151.
152.
153. Storm Water Solutions
• Good drainage
solutions can be
attractive and become
part of the park
system.
154.
155. Case Studies in Community
Planning, Economic
Development and Livability
162. A Critique of
Traditional Planning
• Successful in an industrial society with limited
building options
• Generally fails at creating sustainable
communities of character in a post industrial
world
163. 1992 Fannie Mae National Housing
A “good house” in an
average neighborhood
Survey
Which would you choose?
Not
sure/No
opinion -
10%
A "good
house"
in an
average
neighbor
hood -
24%
An
average
house in
a "good
neighbor
hood" -
66%
164.
165. Summary of Advantages and Disadvantages
Type of Code Advantages Disadvantages
Euclidean • Easy for City staff to implement and for the
public to interpret, if well organized.
• Familiar to professionals, staff, public officials,
and public.
• Flexibility for varied design within parameters
of use and dimensional standards.
• Lack of flexibility to address
different site characteristics and
surroundings.
• Only prevents the “worst” from
happening.
Performance Zoning • Flexibility to vary uses, density and intensity
of development and to address impacts.
• Impact approach may not
address site-specific conditions or
constraints.
• Difficult to implement - complex
calculations.
Form-based Codes • Graphics are more readily understood by public,
public officials, and professionals.
• "Prescriptive" approach outlines design
visually.
• Integrates the principles of mixed-use and
pedestrian orientation.
• Useful for developing new areas and some infill
sites.
• Not readily applicable to built-out
urban or suburban areas.
• Requires much up-front effort to
develop regulating plan and
design specifics.
• Can be highly subjective.
Incentive Zoning • Optional for developer.
• May provide public amenities with "win-win"
approach.
• Incentives may not be used, and
amenities not provided
• Win/win may be hard to achieve.
Taken from the City of Palo Alto, CA Zoning Discussion Papers http://www.cityofpaloalto.org/planning-community/zon-tocdp.html
166. Movement to Form Based Codes
Shopping
Professional Development Seminar
April 19, 2013
168. 1970’s v. Current Tools
DISTRICT (CENTRAL, BUSINESS DISTRICT)
8.1. General description.
This commercial district is intended for the conduct of personal and business
services and retail business of the community. Traffic generated by these uses will
be primarily passenger vehicles and only those trucks and commercial vehicles
required for stocking and delivery of retail goods.
8.2. Uses permitted.
The following uses of property, buildings, or structures:
(1)Any commercial use permitted in the C-1 Neighborhood Commercial District.
(2)Dry or steam cleaning shop or plant.
(3)Shop for the repair of plumbing, radio and electric equipment, shoes, furniture and
similar personal or household commodities.
(4)Department store.
(5)Mortuary (funeral home).
(6)Retail stores, businesses or shops for custom work or the manufacture of articles
to be sold at retail on the premises, excluding coal and wood yards, provided that in
such manufacture the total mechanical power shall not exceed ten (10) horsepower
for the operation of any one machine provided that the space occupied by the
manufacturing use permitted herein shall not exceed fifty (50) percent of the total
floor area of the entire building or the equivalent of the ground floor area thereof, and
provided further that such manufacturing use is not noxious or offensive by reason of
vibration, noise, odor, dust, smoke or fumes.
(7)Printing shop, including sale of office supplies and equipment.
(8)Newspaper publication.
(9)Sign painting shop.
(10)Blueprinting shop.
(11)Interior decorating shop.
(12)Catering establishments.
(13)Train stations, bus depots and travel agencies.
(14)Theaters, auditoriums.
(15)Recreational or amusement classification when conducted wholly inside an
enclosed building.
(16)Hardware or appliance stores.
(17)Variety stories including discount stores.
(18)Paint and hobby store, including sale of carpets, wall covering and similar
household items.
(19)Florists, provided no greenhouses are maintained on the premises.
(20)Service stations.
(21)Hotels and/or motels.
(22)Automotive parts and equipment sales.
(23)Mail-order stores.
(24)Stamp redemption centers.
(25)New and used car dealership agencies.
169.
170.
171. “And let's be careful how we regulate. Planners
from all across the U.S. have told me that they
are obliged to substantially revise form-based
codes adopted only five to 10 years ago. In one
case, the code had made 70 percent of the city
nonconforming and complicated simple home
additions, not to mention making new
development almost impossible. With due respect
to others, it's our obligation to respect the
strengths of various professions but our
responsibility to think comprehensively, anticipate
unintended effects, and deliver what it takes to
help a community grow both jobs and long-term
prosperity.”
Paul Farmer, FAICP
172. Diagnostics
• Are you satisfied with what you see in your
community?
• Could you replicated the most loved space or
street under your current development code?
173.
174. Principles
• Mix of selected uses/ not separation
• Connectivity/ not cul-de-sacs
• Preservation of farmland and open space/ Not
consumption
• Slower traffic / not faster
• Walkability
175.
176. Two Communities
Factor Density of 1 Density of 6
Land Used 1000 167
Roads/Sidewalk
s (Squ yrds/k)
700,000 116,667
Water Use G/HH/day 2800 595
Retail/Service
.7 3.1
jobs per acre
Pollutants
Discharged
(Lbs./HH/Yr)
620 403
178. Traditional Development Pattern
Shopping
Church
(Compact with Mixed Use)
Restaurants
Farmers Market
Offices
Recreation
Health Care
Banking
Banking
Recreation
Services
Health Care
Homes
Homes
Homes
Homes
Homes
180. Development Type
Measure Chain/Big Box D.T. Mixed Use
Property Tax $ 9,009 $ 40,396
Sales Tax $ 388,773 $ 259,182
Local Multiplier 1.136 1.48
Effective Revenues $ 441,646 $ 383,589
Tourism Tax $ - $ 76,000
Jobs 25 45
Residents 0 10
Cultural and
0 2
Health Amenity
Social Utility Low High
DeSoto County Tax Assessor, http://www.statisticbrain.com/wal-mart-company-statistics, http://www.amiba.net/assets/images/Images/local-vs-natl-econ-return-
hi-res.jpg
Performance Comparison of
Development Types on 2.5 Acres
182. Health Care
Restaurant
Active
Bank
Bank Church
Retirement
Future Office/Comm
School
Master Plan
Assisted
Living
Church
183. Building Community
Health Care
Active
Retirement
Bank
Bank Church
Future Office/Comm
School
Master Plan
Assisted
Living
Church
Restaurant
184.
185. A city’s built form is achieved through coding –
zoning, subdivision regulations, design codes,
building codes, preservation codes and
others…
And the administration of those codes over time
211. Consider the private and public costs and benefits of this place at 10 years and at 50
years?
212.
213.
214. Guiding Site and Building Design
• Aligning both public and
private design interests
•Durable materials convey
characteristics of quality
and stability.
•The use of façade materials
native to the area, such
brick, stucco, and wood or
wood simulated siding
Discourage
Encourage
252. Why Programs Fail
• Most plans are poorly conceived and easily
challenged
• Disregard of the facts
• No defined goals or goals are ignored
• Poor administration by non-professionals
• Overly politicized, planning commissions
marginalized or non existent
253. Case Studies
What would you do?
• Background
• Issue is before the Planning Commission
• Implications
254. Rezoning Case Study # 2
Two applicants (Case 1 and Case 2) have requested rezoning of a small parcel to Office
to accommodate a Hair Salon. They will be heard at the same meeting.
Both application are vigorously opposed by the neighborhoods
Your planner has evaluated the applications and in a staff report has indicated the
following:
– The City Plan states that small scale traditional offices transitional offices in residential areas
may be appropriate principally for transitions and buffering between residential uses and
incompatible non-residential activities that cannot be reasonably mitigated through
landscaping, fencing, screening, or similar methods of buffering.
– The site should be suitable for the use based on its physical characteristics.
– The site should be of sufficient size shape to accommodate the proposed use and achieve an
acceptable design relationship with the adjoining uses.
– Access to the site should be from adjoining non-residential area or a side street that leads
directly into a non-residential area.
The Planning Commission has recommended approval of both case. How would
you vote?
255.
256.
257.
258. Rezoning Case Study #1
Developer has applied to rezone the subject property from Highway
Commercial to Multi Family residential. Your planner has pointed out that the
town’s comprehensive plan states that multi-family property should be located
near the primary intersections and between commercial and residential properties.
Support services such as schools, and shopping should be in close proximity. The
plan states that multi-family housing should constitute no more than 25% of total
housing stock.
The plan also states that prime intersections should be reserved for
commercial development. Your planner has developed the following information in
his staff report. The planning commission heard the case and recommended
denial. As an elected official, How will you vote?
259.
260. Total Existing Multifamily 604
Planned Multifamily 252
Total Existing and planned 856
Estimated Existing Housing Units 2300
Estimated Approved/not built 875
Pecentage Multi Family/Approved and Proposed 27%
Potential Taxation
Retail $ 106,722.00
Office $ 13,493.00
Apartment $ 10,976.00
263. "It is too probable that no plan we propose will be
adopted. Perhaps another dreadful conflict is to be
sustained. If, to please the people, we offer what we
ourselves disprove, how can we afterwards defend our
work? Let us raise a standard to which the wise and the
honest can repair. The event is in the hand of God. “
George Washington
264. Taking the Long View
"In every deliberation we must consider the impact on the
seventh generation... even if it requires having skin as thick as
the bark of a pine."
- Great Law of the Iroquois
265. “When we build, let us think that we build forever.
Let it not be for present delight nor for present use
alone. Let it be a work that our descendants will
thank us for; and let us think, as we lay stone on
stone, that a time will come when those stones
will be held sacred because our hands have
touched them, and our children will say, as they look
upon that labor,
“See! This our mothers and fathers did for us.””
John Ruskin
266. “Now it is required that those who have been
given a trust must prove faithful.”
I Cor. 4:2