Fundamental Duties are enshrined under Part IV A of the Constitution of India. The duties though not justifiable but are integral to constitutional spirit.
Fundamental Duties are enshrined under Part IV A of the Constitution of India. The duties though not justifiable but are integral to constitutional spirit.
We often talk about rights, but do you know what does the term ‘rights’ mean? Rights are rules of interaction between people. They place constraints and obligations upon the actions of the state and individuals or groups. For example, if one has a righto life, this means that others do not have the liberty to kill him or her. Rights are defined as claims of an individual that are essential for the development of his or her
own self and that are recognized by society or State. These are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement and are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed to people or owed to people, according to some legal system, socialconvention, or ethical theory. Rights are often considered fundamental to civilization,being regarded as established pillars of society and culture.
But the rights have real meaning only if individuals perform duties. A duty is somethingthat someone is expected or required to do. Parents, for example, have a duty totake care of their child. You have duties towards your parents. A teacher has a dutyto educate students. In fact, rights and duties are two wheels on which the chariotof life moves forward smoothly. Life can become smoother if rights and duties go
hand in hand and become complementary to each other. Rights are what we want others to do for us whereas the duties are those acts which we should perform for others. Thus, a right comes with an obligation to show respect for the rights of others.
The obligations that accompany rights are in the form of duties. If we have the right to enjoy public facilities like transport or health services, it becomes our duty to allow others to avail the same. If we have the right to freedom, it becomes our duty notto misuse this and harm others.
This presentation was made by me for college exams. Please give due credit .
Like, comment( positive or negative) .I will try to improve . Thanks. Enjoy.
Right to education ( article 21 A) with case lawsHardik Mishra
Here is my another video on Article 21A which says that Right to Education is a fundamental right for every citizen between 6 to 14 years of age.
...................................................................................
YouTube channel where all the videos of topics of law are covered for law schools - https://youtu.be/LY9HJzWuo6o
instagram id- hardikmishra70
This presentation is about the Provisions of Human Rights in Indian Constitution prepared for B.Ed. Semester IV Students in a period of #covid19#lockdown to facilitate online learning.
Constitution of india directive principles of state policy and fundamental d...Dr. Vikas Khakare
This contains Directive Principles of State Policy under the Constitution of India. The relation between directive principle of State policy and fundamental rights. It also contains fundamental duties in the Constitution of India.
PPT describes the overview of Preamble about of Indian Constitution and some salient features of the Indian Constitution.
definition of the constitution.
the objective of Preamble.
Amendment in Preamble.
Philosophy of Preamble.
Main Features of Basic Structure.
Impact of Other Countries Constitution on The Indian Constitution.
Definition of secularism, socialism.
Directive Principles of State Policy - Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) is a set of guidelines and principles laid out in the Constitution of India to help the government in shaping policies and laws. These principles, while not enforceable by the courts, serve as a moral and political compass for the government. Here's a short description of DPSP:
Non-Justiciable: Unlike Fundamental Rights, which are legally enforceable, Directive Principles are non-justiciable. Citizens cannot approach the courts to enforce these principles against the government.
Social and Economic Welfare: DPSP directs the government to work towards the welfare of the people by promoting social and economic justice. It encourages policies that reduce poverty, inequality, and promote overall well-being.
Equity and Justice: It emphasizes the importance of social and economic equity, ensuring that the benefits of development reach all sections of society, especially the marginalized and disadvantaged.
International Relations: DPSP also guides the government's approach to international relations, calling for peaceful cooperation among nations and respect for international law.
Education and Culture: It encourages the promotion of education, science, and culture for the betterment of society. It advises the protection and preservation of India's rich heritage and cultural diversity.
Agrarian Reforms: DPSP encourages land reforms to ensure that land is distributed among those who cultivate it and advocates for the protection of farmers' interests.
Environmental Protection: In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on environmental protection and sustainable development as part of the DPSP.
Legal and Judicial Reforms: It suggests improvements in the legal system and the administration of justice, making it more accessible and efficient.
Healthcare: DPSP emphasizes public health and the provision of healthcare services to all citizens.
Minority Rights: It encourages the protection of the rights and interests of religious and linguistic minorities.
In essence, Directive Principles of State Policy in the Indian Constitution serve as a roadmap for the government to create a just, equitable, and welfare-oriented society. While not legally enforceable, they provide a vision for the state to follow in the interest of the people and the nation.
We often talk about rights, but do you know what does the term ‘rights’ mean? Rights are rules of interaction between people. They place constraints and obligations upon the actions of the state and individuals or groups. For example, if one has a righto life, this means that others do not have the liberty to kill him or her. Rights are defined as claims of an individual that are essential for the development of his or her
own self and that are recognized by society or State. These are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement and are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed to people or owed to people, according to some legal system, socialconvention, or ethical theory. Rights are often considered fundamental to civilization,being regarded as established pillars of society and culture.
But the rights have real meaning only if individuals perform duties. A duty is somethingthat someone is expected or required to do. Parents, for example, have a duty totake care of their child. You have duties towards your parents. A teacher has a dutyto educate students. In fact, rights and duties are two wheels on which the chariotof life moves forward smoothly. Life can become smoother if rights and duties go
hand in hand and become complementary to each other. Rights are what we want others to do for us whereas the duties are those acts which we should perform for others. Thus, a right comes with an obligation to show respect for the rights of others.
The obligations that accompany rights are in the form of duties. If we have the right to enjoy public facilities like transport or health services, it becomes our duty to allow others to avail the same. If we have the right to freedom, it becomes our duty notto misuse this and harm others.
This presentation was made by me for college exams. Please give due credit .
Like, comment( positive or negative) .I will try to improve . Thanks. Enjoy.
Right to education ( article 21 A) with case lawsHardik Mishra
Here is my another video on Article 21A which says that Right to Education is a fundamental right for every citizen between 6 to 14 years of age.
...................................................................................
YouTube channel where all the videos of topics of law are covered for law schools - https://youtu.be/LY9HJzWuo6o
instagram id- hardikmishra70
This presentation is about the Provisions of Human Rights in Indian Constitution prepared for B.Ed. Semester IV Students in a period of #covid19#lockdown to facilitate online learning.
Constitution of india directive principles of state policy and fundamental d...Dr. Vikas Khakare
This contains Directive Principles of State Policy under the Constitution of India. The relation between directive principle of State policy and fundamental rights. It also contains fundamental duties in the Constitution of India.
PPT describes the overview of Preamble about of Indian Constitution and some salient features of the Indian Constitution.
definition of the constitution.
the objective of Preamble.
Amendment in Preamble.
Philosophy of Preamble.
Main Features of Basic Structure.
Impact of Other Countries Constitution on The Indian Constitution.
Definition of secularism, socialism.
Directive Principles of State Policy - Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) is a set of guidelines and principles laid out in the Constitution of India to help the government in shaping policies and laws. These principles, while not enforceable by the courts, serve as a moral and political compass for the government. Here's a short description of DPSP:
Non-Justiciable: Unlike Fundamental Rights, which are legally enforceable, Directive Principles are non-justiciable. Citizens cannot approach the courts to enforce these principles against the government.
Social and Economic Welfare: DPSP directs the government to work towards the welfare of the people by promoting social and economic justice. It encourages policies that reduce poverty, inequality, and promote overall well-being.
Equity and Justice: It emphasizes the importance of social and economic equity, ensuring that the benefits of development reach all sections of society, especially the marginalized and disadvantaged.
International Relations: DPSP also guides the government's approach to international relations, calling for peaceful cooperation among nations and respect for international law.
Education and Culture: It encourages the promotion of education, science, and culture for the betterment of society. It advises the protection and preservation of India's rich heritage and cultural diversity.
Agrarian Reforms: DPSP encourages land reforms to ensure that land is distributed among those who cultivate it and advocates for the protection of farmers' interests.
Environmental Protection: In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on environmental protection and sustainable development as part of the DPSP.
Legal and Judicial Reforms: It suggests improvements in the legal system and the administration of justice, making it more accessible and efficient.
Healthcare: DPSP emphasizes public health and the provision of healthcare services to all citizens.
Minority Rights: It encourages the protection of the rights and interests of religious and linguistic minorities.
In essence, Directive Principles of State Policy in the Indian Constitution serve as a roadmap for the government to create a just, equitable, and welfare-oriented society. While not legally enforceable, they provide a vision for the state to follow in the interest of the people and the nation.
our essential human rights guaranteed in Part iii of the Indian constitution...Why do we need them? What are those rights? What do they guarantee us with? Lets see,,,
In this we have fundamental rights and duties .well explained fundamental rights in part 3 and fundamental duties in part 4a of our constitution of india.....vj
Right to equality
Right to freedom
Right against exploitation
Right to freedom of religion
Cultural and educational rights
Right to constitutional remedies
Right to property (removed from fundamental rights to legal rights)
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Fundamental Rights @ (mnusratgulbarga@gmail.com)nusratg1
The Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy and Fundamental Duties are sections of the Constitution of India that prescribe the fundamental obligations of the states to its citizens and the duties and the rights of the citizens to the State. These sections comprise a constitutional bill of rights for government policy-making and the behaviour and conduct of citizens. These sections are considered vital elements of the constitution, which was developed between 1947 and 1949 by the Constituent Assembly of India.
Detailed Presentation on Special Marriage Act, 1954
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Edited By: Ayush Patria, Sangam University, Bhilwara
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Detailed Presentation on Section 302 of Indian Penal Code, 1860
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Provisions of Emergency under Constitutional Law Law Laboratory
Detailed Presentation on Provisions of Emergency under Constitutional Law.
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Detailed Presentation on Defamation Law in India
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Detailed Presentation on Criminal Trial In India.
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Detailed Presentation on General Defences under Law of Torts
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Detailed Presentation on Essentials of Contract under the Indian Contract Act, 1872
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General Exception under Indian Penal Code Law Laboratory
Detailed Presentation on General Exception under Indian Penal Code, 1860. (Section 76-106)
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Detailed Presentation on Fraud in Contract
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Detailed Presentation on First Information Report (F.I.R)
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Presentation on Laws related to Adultery in India
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Presentation on Negligence
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A detailed presentation on Capacity to Contract under Indian Contract Act, 1872
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A detailed presentation about types of Writs in the Constitution of India.
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Detailed Presentation on Bailment
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WINDING UP of COMPANY, Modes of DissolutionKHURRAMWALI
Winding up, also known as liquidation, refers to the legal and financial process of dissolving a company. It involves ceasing operations, selling assets, settling debts, and ultimately removing the company from the official business registry.
Here's a breakdown of the key aspects of winding up:
Reasons for Winding Up:
Insolvency: This is the most common reason, where the company cannot pay its debts. Creditors may initiate a compulsory winding up to recover their dues.
Voluntary Closure: The owners may decide to close the company due to reasons like reaching business goals, facing losses, or merging with another company.
Deadlock: If shareholders or directors cannot agree on how to run the company, a court may order a winding up.
Types of Winding Up:
Voluntary Winding Up: This is initiated by the company's shareholders through a resolution passed by a majority vote. There are two main types:
Members' Voluntary Winding Up: The company is solvent (has enough assets to pay off its debts) and shareholders will receive any remaining assets after debts are settled.
Creditors' Voluntary Winding Up: The company is insolvent and creditors will be prioritized in receiving payment from the sale of assets.
Compulsory Winding Up: This is initiated by a court order, typically at the request of creditors, government agencies, or even by the company itself if it's insolvent.
Process of Winding Up:
Appointment of Liquidator: A qualified professional is appointed to oversee the winding-up process. They are responsible for selling assets, paying off debts, and distributing any remaining funds.
Cease Trading: The company stops its regular business operations.
Notification of Creditors: Creditors are informed about the winding up and invited to submit their claims.
Sale of Assets: The company's assets are sold to generate cash to pay off creditors.
Payment of Debts: Creditors are paid according to a set order of priority, with secured creditors receiving payment before unsecured creditors.
Distribution to Shareholders: If there are any remaining funds after all debts are settled, they are distributed to shareholders according to their ownership stake.
Dissolution: Once all claims are settled and distributions made, the company is officially dissolved and removed from the business register.
Impact of Winding Up:
Employees: Employees will likely lose their jobs during the winding-up process.
Creditors: Creditors may not recover their debts in full, especially if the company is insolvent.
Shareholders: Shareholders may not receive any payout if the company's debts exceed its assets.
Winding up is a complex legal and financial process that can have significant consequences for all parties involved. It's important to seek professional legal and financial advice when considering winding up a company.
Military Commissions details LtCol Thomas Jasper as Detailed Defense CounselThomas (Tom) Jasper
Military Commissions Trial Judiciary, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Notice of the Chief Defense Counsel's detailing of LtCol Thomas F. Jasper, Jr. USMC, as Detailed Defense Counsel for Abd Al Hadi Al-Iraqi on 6 August 2014 in the case of United States v. Hadi al Iraqi (10026)
In 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs established a committee led by Prof. (Dr.) Ranbir Singh, former Vice Chancellor of National Law University (NLU), Delhi. This committee was tasked with reviewing the three codes of criminal law. The primary objective of the committee was to propose comprehensive reforms to the country’s criminal laws in a manner that is both principled and effective.
The committee’s focus was on ensuring the safety and security of individuals, communities, and the nation as a whole. Throughout its deliberations, the committee aimed to uphold constitutional values such as justice, dignity, and the intrinsic value of each individual. Their goal was to recommend amendments to the criminal laws that align with these values and priorities.
Subsequently, in February, the committee successfully submitted its recommendations regarding amendments to the criminal law. These recommendations are intended to serve as a foundation for enhancing the current legal framework, promoting safety and security, and upholding the constitutional principles of justice, dignity, and the inherent worth of every individual.
How to Obtain Permanent Residency in the NetherlandsBridgeWest.eu
You can rely on our assistance if you are ready to apply for permanent residency. Find out more at: https://immigration-netherlands.com/obtain-a-permanent-residence-permit-in-the-netherlands/.
ALL EYES ON RAFAH BUT WHY Explain more.pdf46adnanshahzad
All eyes on Rafah: But why?. The Rafah border crossing, a crucial point between Egypt and the Gaza Strip, often finds itself at the center of global attention. As we explore the significance of Rafah, we’ll uncover why all eyes are on Rafah and the complexities surrounding this pivotal region.
INTRODUCTION
What makes Rafah so significant that it captures global attention? The phrase ‘All eyes are on Rafah’ resonates not just with those in the region but with people worldwide who recognize its strategic, humanitarian, and political importance. In this guide, we will delve into the factors that make Rafah a focal point for international interest, examining its historical context, humanitarian challenges, and political dimensions.
Car Accident Injury Do I Have a Case....Knowyourright
Every year, thousands of Minnesotans are injured in car accidents. These injuries can be severe – even life-changing. Under Minnesota law, you can pursue compensation through a personal injury lawsuit.
A "File Trademark" is a legal term referring to the registration of a unique symbol, logo, or name used to identify and distinguish products or services. This process provides legal protection, granting exclusive rights to the trademark owner, and helps prevent unauthorized use by competitors.
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Responsibilities of the office bearers while registering multi-state cooperat...Finlaw Consultancy Pvt Ltd
Introduction-
The process of register multi-state cooperative society in India is governed by the Multi-State Co-operative Societies Act, 2002. This process requires the office bearers to undertake several crucial responsibilities to ensure compliance with legal and regulatory frameworks. The key office bearers typically include the President, Secretary, and Treasurer, along with other elected members of the managing committee. Their responsibilities encompass administrative, legal, and financial duties essential for the successful registration and operation of the society.
2. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
• These are the basic human rights which are defined in Part III (Article 12 -35)
of the Indian Constitution.
• If any of the fundamental rights get violated then one can approach to the
court.
• Initially there were 7 fundamental rights. However Right to Property was
removed by the 44th amendment. So now we have only 6 fundamental rights.
3. SIX FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
• Right to Equality
• Right to Freedom
• Right against Exploitation
• Right to Freedom of Religion
• Cultural and Educational Rights
• Right to Constitutional Remedies
4. RIGHT TO EQUALITY (Article 14-18)
Article 14:
This article states that the law of the country equally protects all
the people of the country.
Any person shall not be denied equality before the law or equal
protection of laws within the territory of India.
5. Article 15:
• No person shall be discriminated on the grounds of religion, race,
caste, sex or place of birth.
• State has the power to make special provisions for women, children
and for the advancement of any educationally or socially backward
class or scheduled castes and tribes.
6. Article 16:
• This article states that every person should be given equal opportunity in
the matters of public employment and no one shall be discriminated on the
basis of religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth, residence.
• State has the power to make special provisions for the reservation of
appointments for backward classes.
7. Article 17:
• Abolition of Untouchability
• It is an offence. If anyone caught practicing this then he will be
punishable by the law.
8. Article 18 (Abolition of Titles)
• This article prohibits the state to confer any titles.
• Indian citizens can not accept titles form the foreign states.
• Titles can be granted to Military and academic distinctions.
• Bharat Ratna and Padma Vibhusha are exempted from this provision.
9. RIGHT TO FREEDOM (Article 19-22)
Article 19:
This article guarantees six freedoms. They are as follows:
a) Freedom of speech and expression
b) Freedom to assemble
c) Freedom to form associations
d) Freedom to move freely
e) Freedom of residence
f) Freedom of profession
10. FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND EXPRESSION
• Everyone has the right to express their views and opinions freely.
• State can impose restrictions in the interests of integrity, security
and sovereignty of the country, friendly relations with foreign
nations, for public order, with respect to defamation, incitement to
offence or contempt of court.
11. FREEDOM TO ASSEMBLE
Every person has the right to assemble peacefully without arms.
State can imposed reasonable restrictions in the interests of
sovereignty and integrity of the country and public order.
12. FREEDOM TO FORM ASSOCIATIONS
Workers have the right to form trade unions. Police personnel
are restricted to form trade unions under the Police Force Act.
13. ARTICLE 20
This article protect the citizens from conviction of offences in
certain cases. The protections given are stated as follows:
1. Retrospective criminal legislation : If an act was committed at
that time when it has not been declared as an offence then the
person can’t be convicted. Also he can’t get a punishment greater
14. than which is prescribed by the law.
2. Double jeopardy : A person cant be convicted for the same
offence more than once.
3. Prohibition against self-incrimination : State can’t compel
any accused to bear the witness against himself.
15. Article 21
Every person has the right to life and personal liberty as per the
procedure established by law.
Article 21 A
All the children between age 6 to 14 years must be provided with
the free and compulsory education by the State.
16. Article 22
• This article protect the citizens against arrest and detention in certain
cases.
• Under Article 22(1), the person who is in custody must be informed
about the reason of arrest and no one can deny to consult an
advocate.
17. • Under Article 22(2), every arrested person should be produced
within 24 hours before a judicial magistrate.
• Under Article 22(3), arrested person can’t be kept in custody
more than the period determined by the judicial magistrate.
18. RIGHT AGAINST EXPLOITATION
Article 23
• Human trafficking and forced labor are declared as an offence
under this Article. If anyone practices this then he will be
punishable by law.
19. Article 24
Children below the age of 14 years are prohibited for employment
in any hazardous profession.
20. RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF RELIGION (Article 25-28)
Article 25 - It provides freedom of conscience and gives freedom to
practice any religion of their choice.
Article 26 - This article helps us to manage religious affairs, which is
subject to public order, morality and health, every religious
denomination or any section.
21. Article 27 and Article 28
Article 27 says that Every person has the right of freedom not to pay
taxes for the promotion and maintenance of any particular religion.
Article 28 says that Religious instructions are prohibited in those
educational institutions which are wholly maintained by the State.
22. CULTURALAND EDUCATIONAL RIGHTS (Article 29-30)
Article 29 - It protects the interest of minorities. It grants minority
committee to conserve its language, script and culture. State can’t
impose any external culture on them.
Article 30 - All the minorities shall have the right to administer and
run educational institutions of their choice.
23. RIGHT TO CONSTITUTIONAL REMEDIES (Article 32-35)
Article 32
• If there is a violation of fundamental right then one can approach
Supreme Court to seek remedy. This article gives the power to
Supreme Court to issue order or writs for the enforcement of the
fundamental rights.
24. Article 33 - Parliament has the power to modify the application of
the fundamental rights to the armed forces or forces charged with
the maintenance of public order.
Article 35 - The power to make laws to give effect to certain
specified Fundamental Rights shall vest only with the President and
not only with State Legislatures.
25. FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES
Fundamental duties are defined in Part IV A (Article 51 A) of
the Indian Constitution. Initially there were 10 fundamental duties
but after 86th amendment in 2002, the duties were increased from
10 to 11. The duties are as follows:
26. • Respect for the Constitution, National Flag and countrywide
anthem.
• Cherish the noble ideals that inspired the national struggle for
freedom.
• Protect the sovereignty, harmony and integrity of India.
27. • To defend the country and perform national services when the
country requires.
• Promote the common brotherhood amongst the citizens of India
and surrender any exercise derogatory to the distinction of ladies.
• Preserve the wealthy history of the kingdom’s composite culture.
28. • Protect the herbal surroundings and have compassion for living
creatures.
• Develop scientific temper, humanism and spirit of inquiry and
reform.
• Safeguard public assets and deny violence.
29. • Strive for excellence in all man or woman and collective
activity.
• To provide opportunities for education to children between 6-14
years of age and it is the duty of the parents to ensure that such
opportunities are being awarded to their child.