Fuel cell eere fc comparison chart
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Fuel cells come in different types that operate at different temperatures and have varying efficiencies, stack sizes, and applications. The document provides a table that summarizes the key properties of five major fuel cell types: polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM), alkaline (AFC), phosphoric acid (PAFC), molten carbonate (MCFC), and solid oxide (SOFC). For each type it lists the electrolyte, operating temperature range, typical stack size, efficiency, example applications, as well as advantages and disadvantages.
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A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. It produces electricity through an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. There are several types of fuel cells including alkaline, phosphoric acid, molten carbonate, and solid oxide fuel cells. Fuel cells have advantages like high efficiency, zero emissions, and few moving parts. However, they also have disadvantages like high costs and difficulties handling hydrogen fuel. Fuel cells can be used to power vehicles, buildings, and portable electronic devices.
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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- 1. EERE Information Center 1-877-EERE-INFO (1-877-337-3463) www.eere.energy.gov/informationcenter FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES PROGRAM February 2011 Printed with a renewable-source ink on paper containing at least 50% wastepaper, including 10% post consumer waste. Fuel Cell Type Common Electrolyte Operating Temperature Typical Stack Size Efficiency Applications Advantages Disadvantages Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Perfluoro sulfonic acid 50-100ยฐC 122-212ยฐ typically 80ยฐC < 1kWโ100kW 60% transpor- tation 35% stationary โข Backup power โข Portable power โข Distributed generation โข Transporation โข Specialty vehicles โข Solid electrolyte re- duces corrosion & electrolyte management problems โข Low temperature โข Quick start-up โข Expensive catalysts โข Sensitive to fuel impurities โข Low temperature waste heat Alkaline (AFC) Aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide soaked in a matrix 90-100ยฐC 194-212ยฐF 10โ100 kW 60% โข Military โข Space โข Cathode reaction faster in alkaline electrolyte, leads to high performance โข Low cost components โข Sensitive to CO2 in fuel and air โข Electrolyte management Phosphoric Acid (PAFC) Phosphoric acid soaked in a matrix 150-200ยฐC 302-392ยฐF 400 kW 100 kW module 40% โข Distributed generation โข Higher temperature enables CHP โข Increased tolerance to fuel impurities โข Pt catalyst โข Long start up time โข Low current and power Molten Carbonate (MCFC) Solution of lithium, sodium, and/ or potassium carbonates, soaked in a matrix 600-700ยฐC 1112-1292ยฐF 300 kW-3 MW 300 kW module 45-50% โข Electric utility โข Distributed generation โข High efficiency โข Fuel flexibility โข Can use a variety of catalysts โข Suitable for CHP โข High temperature cor- rosion and breakdown of cell components โข Long start up time โข Low power density Solid Oxide (SOFC) Yttria stabi- lized zirconia 700-1000ยฐC 1202-1832ยฐF 1 kWโ2 MW 60% โข Auxiliary power โข Electric utility โข Distributed generation โข High efficiency โข Fuel flexibility โข Can use a variety of catalysts โข Solid electrolyte โข Suitable for CHP & CHHP โข Hybrid/GT cycle โข High temperature cor- rosion and breakdown of cell components โข High temperature opera- tion requires long start up time and limits Comparison of Fuel Cell Technologies For More Information More information on the Fuel Cell Technologies Program is available at http://www.hydrogenandfuelcells.energy.gov.