Your role is to be a supportive listener and help your buddy feel heard and validated. Let the appropriate adults handle addressing the situation directly.
This PPT is about level of communication,Which will help to you to creat new idea for making new and best presentation on simillar topics. Thank you...
The document provides an overview of key concepts from an interpersonal communication course, including:
- Introductions to the instructor and an icebreaker activity where students introduce themselves and a partner.
- Definitions of interpersonal communication and how it differs from intrapersonal communication.
- A discussion of why communication is necessary to meet physical, relational, identity, spiritual, and instrumental needs.
- Three models of communication - the action, interaction, and transactional models - and their components like encoding, decoding, feedback, and context.
The document discusses how to effectively communicate feedback and foster vulnerability within teams. It emphasizes focusing feedback on specific, observable behaviors rather than general criticisms, describing the impact on one's own feelings, and asking about the other person's perspective. Examples are provided of reframing feedback to minimize defensiveness. Additional topics covered include cultivating appreciation, managing one's own reactions to feedback, agreeing on next steps, and fostering a feedback-rich culture through training and scheduled feedback sessions.
The document discusses Nonviolent Communication (NVC), which focuses on compassionate communication to ensure mutual understanding. NVC has 4 basic assumptions: that all people share universal needs, feelings signal if needs are met, compassion is human nature, and unmet needs underlie conflicts. The 4 steps of NVC are: 1) objectively observing situations, 2) identifying feelings, 3) identifying underlying needs, and 4) making requests to meet needs. NVC aims to communicate through empathy, self-empathy, and honest self-expression instead of moral judgments that can lead to inner wounds and violence.
Three ways to understand communication with otherssamaramar
Passive, aggressive, and assertive communication styles are explored. Assertive communication is considered the healthiest style as it respects all parties' boundaries and makes problem solving easier. It requires skills development like practicing active listening, owning one's actions, using humor to diffuse tension, and knowing when aggression or passivity are called for. The overall message is that understanding different communication styles helps improve one's own skills and ability to deal effectively with others.
The document discusses various aspects of communication including verbal and non-verbal communication, listening skills, barriers to communication, empathy vs sympathy, assertiveness, body language, and conflict resolution. Communication requires a sender and receiver. It can be undermined by poor listening skills and misunderstandings. Non-verbal cues and empathy are important parts of effective communication. Conflicts should be addressed through open discussion and finding mutually agreeable solutions.
Playing Nice In The Sandbox (Project Phoenix)Dan Wiseman
The document discusses strategies for managing conflict constructively. It provides goals for conflict engagement including understanding interests, producing sustainable solutions, and increasing acceptance of differences. It advocates for engagement over aggression, apathy, or avoidance when facing change or conflict. Effective communication techniques are outlined such as focusing on interests, not positions, and generating proposals to find common ground.
This PPT is about level of communication,Which will help to you to creat new idea for making new and best presentation on simillar topics. Thank you...
The document provides an overview of key concepts from an interpersonal communication course, including:
- Introductions to the instructor and an icebreaker activity where students introduce themselves and a partner.
- Definitions of interpersonal communication and how it differs from intrapersonal communication.
- A discussion of why communication is necessary to meet physical, relational, identity, spiritual, and instrumental needs.
- Three models of communication - the action, interaction, and transactional models - and their components like encoding, decoding, feedback, and context.
The document discusses how to effectively communicate feedback and foster vulnerability within teams. It emphasizes focusing feedback on specific, observable behaviors rather than general criticisms, describing the impact on one's own feelings, and asking about the other person's perspective. Examples are provided of reframing feedback to minimize defensiveness. Additional topics covered include cultivating appreciation, managing one's own reactions to feedback, agreeing on next steps, and fostering a feedback-rich culture through training and scheduled feedback sessions.
The document discusses Nonviolent Communication (NVC), which focuses on compassionate communication to ensure mutual understanding. NVC has 4 basic assumptions: that all people share universal needs, feelings signal if needs are met, compassion is human nature, and unmet needs underlie conflicts. The 4 steps of NVC are: 1) objectively observing situations, 2) identifying feelings, 3) identifying underlying needs, and 4) making requests to meet needs. NVC aims to communicate through empathy, self-empathy, and honest self-expression instead of moral judgments that can lead to inner wounds and violence.
Three ways to understand communication with otherssamaramar
Passive, aggressive, and assertive communication styles are explored. Assertive communication is considered the healthiest style as it respects all parties' boundaries and makes problem solving easier. It requires skills development like practicing active listening, owning one's actions, using humor to diffuse tension, and knowing when aggression or passivity are called for. The overall message is that understanding different communication styles helps improve one's own skills and ability to deal effectively with others.
The document discusses various aspects of communication including verbal and non-verbal communication, listening skills, barriers to communication, empathy vs sympathy, assertiveness, body language, and conflict resolution. Communication requires a sender and receiver. It can be undermined by poor listening skills and misunderstandings. Non-verbal cues and empathy are important parts of effective communication. Conflicts should be addressed through open discussion and finding mutually agreeable solutions.
Playing Nice In The Sandbox (Project Phoenix)Dan Wiseman
The document discusses strategies for managing conflict constructively. It provides goals for conflict engagement including understanding interests, producing sustainable solutions, and increasing acceptance of differences. It advocates for engagement over aggression, apathy, or avoidance when facing change or conflict. Effective communication techniques are outlined such as focusing on interests, not positions, and generating proposals to find common ground.
Chapter 7 beginning, maintaining and ending relationshipvanthorn
This document outlines the key stages in beginning, maintaining, and ending relationships according to Chapter 7 of an Interpersonal Communication course. It discusses how culture influences relationships and defines the three stages of relationships. For each stage, it provides details on initiation, factors that affect attraction, self-disclosure, compliance gaining, dealing with differences in communication styles, and strategies for ending relationships. Alternative models for examining relationship stages and the link between communication and stages are also summarized.
This document summarizes a presentation about managing passive-aggressive behavior. It discusses features of passive-aggressive behavior such as unexpressed anger and need for control. It also outlines common passive-aggressive behaviors like obstruction, pouting, and procrastination. The document provides approaches to addressing these behaviors, such as bringing conflicts into the open, creating a "no-whining zone", dividing large tasks, and maintaining self-care and boundaries. It concludes with case studies and a reminder about not ignoring passivity in oneself or others.
Social psychology is the study of how individuals are influenced and affected by groups. It focuses on how social forces like groups, social roles, and norms impact human behavior and cognition. Some key findings include that the presence of others can both positively and negatively impact performance on tasks, and that people frequently conform to group norms and pressures even if it goes against their personal beliefs. Individuals are also influenced by others through persuasion techniques, social influence, and forms of compliance like reciprocity and consistency with previous actions.
Intimacy means open sharing of feelings and wants between you and another person. It is expressing the natural child feeling of warmth, tenderness and closeness to others. Many people suffer from an inability to express such closeness.
Understand Consciousness, Courage and Communications (Part 1) in Detail - THENicole Payne
Communications problems result in misunderstanding, missed opportunities and often conflict. Organizational consultants will tell you that roughly 100 percent of work groups want to improve their communications. Interpersonal communication seems to be the bane of human existence. Learn more about The Human Element® (THE) @ thehumanelement.bconglobal.com
Slides from the Agile 2014 session in Orlando, titled "Women in Agile: Creating Teams That Embrace Diversity," presented by Diane Zajac-Woodie and Michael "Doc" Norton.
This document discusses different communication styles: passive, aggressive, passive-aggressive, and assertive. It defines each style and provides examples of behaviors and body language associated with each. Passive communication does not express needs or feelings for fear of conflict. Aggressive communication disrespects others' needs and rights. Passive-aggressive communication avoids dealing with issues directly. Assertive communication respects both self and others while addressing conflicts openly. Understanding one's own style helps improve relationships, career, and well-being.
This document summarizes a chapter about understanding interpersonal relationships from a communication textbook. It discusses why people form relationships, including influences like physical attractiveness, similarity, complementarity, and proximity. It also discusses characteristics of relationships like content versus relational messages and metacommunication. A key section summarizes research by John Gottman on what differentiates stable versus unstable couples in how they manage conflict, identifying the "four horsemen of the apocalypse" as criticism, defensiveness, stonewalling, and contempt.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document outlines plans to expand an existing arts program for those with special needs. It proposes transforming a new building into a cafe, art studio, and job training center. The center would provide vocational opportunities through the cafe and art sales. It also details budgets for purchasing the building, renovations, equipment, and 3 years of operating costs totaling $4.2 million. The funds would come from a matching gift, independent fundraising, and an existing building's debt payment. The expanded program aims to serve more students, artists, chefs and volunteers daily through creative and culinary experiences.
El documento discute varios métodos que Recursos Humanos puede usar para motivar y comprometer a los empleados, incluyendo programas de compensación, comunicación sobre la importancia de su trabajo, y mantener un ambiente laboral positivo. También describe cómo los empleados pueden contribuir a través de comentarios constructivos, trabajo en equipo y manteniendo una actitud positiva. Finalmente, explica que el método de gestión humana que tiene mayor impacto en los resultados es aquel que comprende las necesidades de los empleados y los cambios organizacionales.
Friendship Circle Family Mission to IsraelTzvi Schectman
This document contains an 11-day itinerary for a trip to Israel organized by Friendship Families. The trip includes visits to major sites in Jerusalem, the Judean Desert, Tel Aviv, the Galilee region, Golan Heights, and the coastal region. Accommodations include hotels in Jerusalem and the Kibbutz Lavi Hotel. Meals, transportation, guides and entry fees are included. Subsidies of $8,000-$12,000 are available depending on number of participants. Commitments and deposits are required by certain dates outlined at the end.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This very short document contains 3 lines of text with numbers but no other words or context. It does not provide enough information to generate a meaningful 3 sentence summary.
This document provides a price catalog for various lighting products including street lighting, decorative lighting, solar panels, and heating products. It lists the company contact information as Solutia located on T. Vladimirescu 23 in Timisoara, Romania with phone number 0722 400 234 and email office@electrice-proactiv.ro. The document then provides tables of various lighting products with their names, specifications, and prices listed in Euros.
Chapter 7 beginning, maintaining and ending relationshipvanthorn
This document outlines the key stages in beginning, maintaining, and ending relationships according to Chapter 7 of an Interpersonal Communication course. It discusses how culture influences relationships and defines the three stages of relationships. For each stage, it provides details on initiation, factors that affect attraction, self-disclosure, compliance gaining, dealing with differences in communication styles, and strategies for ending relationships. Alternative models for examining relationship stages and the link between communication and stages are also summarized.
This document summarizes a presentation about managing passive-aggressive behavior. It discusses features of passive-aggressive behavior such as unexpressed anger and need for control. It also outlines common passive-aggressive behaviors like obstruction, pouting, and procrastination. The document provides approaches to addressing these behaviors, such as bringing conflicts into the open, creating a "no-whining zone", dividing large tasks, and maintaining self-care and boundaries. It concludes with case studies and a reminder about not ignoring passivity in oneself or others.
Social psychology is the study of how individuals are influenced and affected by groups. It focuses on how social forces like groups, social roles, and norms impact human behavior and cognition. Some key findings include that the presence of others can both positively and negatively impact performance on tasks, and that people frequently conform to group norms and pressures even if it goes against their personal beliefs. Individuals are also influenced by others through persuasion techniques, social influence, and forms of compliance like reciprocity and consistency with previous actions.
Intimacy means open sharing of feelings and wants between you and another person. It is expressing the natural child feeling of warmth, tenderness and closeness to others. Many people suffer from an inability to express such closeness.
Understand Consciousness, Courage and Communications (Part 1) in Detail - THENicole Payne
Communications problems result in misunderstanding, missed opportunities and often conflict. Organizational consultants will tell you that roughly 100 percent of work groups want to improve their communications. Interpersonal communication seems to be the bane of human existence. Learn more about The Human Element® (THE) @ thehumanelement.bconglobal.com
Slides from the Agile 2014 session in Orlando, titled "Women in Agile: Creating Teams That Embrace Diversity," presented by Diane Zajac-Woodie and Michael "Doc" Norton.
This document discusses different communication styles: passive, aggressive, passive-aggressive, and assertive. It defines each style and provides examples of behaviors and body language associated with each. Passive communication does not express needs or feelings for fear of conflict. Aggressive communication disrespects others' needs and rights. Passive-aggressive communication avoids dealing with issues directly. Assertive communication respects both self and others while addressing conflicts openly. Understanding one's own style helps improve relationships, career, and well-being.
This document summarizes a chapter about understanding interpersonal relationships from a communication textbook. It discusses why people form relationships, including influences like physical attractiveness, similarity, complementarity, and proximity. It also discusses characteristics of relationships like content versus relational messages and metacommunication. A key section summarizes research by John Gottman on what differentiates stable versus unstable couples in how they manage conflict, identifying the "four horsemen of the apocalypse" as criticism, defensiveness, stonewalling, and contempt.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document outlines plans to expand an existing arts program for those with special needs. It proposes transforming a new building into a cafe, art studio, and job training center. The center would provide vocational opportunities through the cafe and art sales. It also details budgets for purchasing the building, renovations, equipment, and 3 years of operating costs totaling $4.2 million. The funds would come from a matching gift, independent fundraising, and an existing building's debt payment. The expanded program aims to serve more students, artists, chefs and volunteers daily through creative and culinary experiences.
El documento discute varios métodos que Recursos Humanos puede usar para motivar y comprometer a los empleados, incluyendo programas de compensación, comunicación sobre la importancia de su trabajo, y mantener un ambiente laboral positivo. También describe cómo los empleados pueden contribuir a través de comentarios constructivos, trabajo en equipo y manteniendo una actitud positiva. Finalmente, explica que el método de gestión humana que tiene mayor impacto en los resultados es aquel que comprende las necesidades de los empleados y los cambios organizacionales.
Friendship Circle Family Mission to IsraelTzvi Schectman
This document contains an 11-day itinerary for a trip to Israel organized by Friendship Families. The trip includes visits to major sites in Jerusalem, the Judean Desert, Tel Aviv, the Galilee region, Golan Heights, and the coastal region. Accommodations include hotels in Jerusalem and the Kibbutz Lavi Hotel. Meals, transportation, guides and entry fees are included. Subsidies of $8,000-$12,000 are available depending on number of participants. Commitments and deposits are required by certain dates outlined at the end.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This very short document contains 3 lines of text with numbers but no other words or context. It does not provide enough information to generate a meaningful 3 sentence summary.
This document provides a price catalog for various lighting products including street lighting, decorative lighting, solar panels, and heating products. It lists the company contact information as Solutia located on T. Vladimirescu 23 in Timisoara, Romania with phone number 0722 400 234 and email office@electrice-proactiv.ro. The document then provides tables of various lighting products with their names, specifications, and prices listed in Euros.
Friendship Circle Parenting Our Special Children SeminarTzvi Schectman
Karen Wang, a Parent of a child with special needs and Dr. Sarah Baker a child Psychologist present about important topics relating to children with special needs Including:
Child Anxiety
Anxiety in childhood: What’s typical, and what’s not?
What to do (and not do) when children are anxious
Behavioral treatment for kids with anxiety
Handling tantrums and meltdowns
How to support siblings in special needs families
This document outlines an integrated marketing campaign for Tonnie's Minis cupcake shop. The campaign has two main goals: 1) increase brand visibility in Harlem and surrounding areas, and 2) attract cupcake aficionados to the shop. Strategies to achieve these goals include print, social media, and public relations campaigns. A key event is a "Harlem's Cupcake Challenge" that will promote the shop and local culinary talent. Bloggers and local media will be engaged to spread awareness of Tonnie's Minis.
Los tiristores más utilizados son el Diac, el Triac y el SCR, los cuales permiten controlar el flujo de corriente eléctrica en un circuito de manera similar a un interruptor electrónico.
Bullying involves an imbalance of power, intent to harm the victim, and repetition over time. There are different types of bullying including verbal, social, physical, and cyberbullying. Common myths about bullying include that bullies have low self-esteem, bullying resolves itself if ignored, and all children outgrow bullying. Effective strategies to address bullying include telling a trusted adult, getting help from friends, not showing emotions to the bully, and ensuring bullied children feel supported.
What do we mean by bullying - definition exploredBrian Donnelly
Bullying involves harmful behaviors that undermine a person's sense of control over themselves and their lives. It is defined by its impact of making the target feel helpless, rather than the intent or persistence of the behavior. Responding to bullying should focus on restoring the target's sense of agency by involving them in decisions and solutions. Labels like "bully" or "victim" should be avoided to prevent self-fulfilling identities and maintain focus on addressing problematic behaviors.
The document discusses bullying in schools and provides definitions and examples of different types of bullying. It identifies characteristics of both bullies and victims of bullying. The document also outlines programs and initiatives implemented by Saugus Public Schools to prevent bullying and help students identify and report instances of bullying. These include anti-bullying assemblies, classroom lessons, newsletters for parents, and guidance counselor training.
This document discusses assertiveness and its importance for teachers. It defines assertiveness as behaving in a way that respects both one's own rights and the rights of others. Assertiveness has advantages like developing healthy relationships and preventing conflicts. Some rights discussed include the right to be treated with dignity, the right to say no without feeling guilty, and the right to express one's feelings. The document also covers passive, aggressive, and passive-aggressive behaviors and provides an ABC cognitive model for understanding behaviors.
The document outlines the Active Bystanders Care Program (ABC's) which teaches leadership and intervention skills to help prevent situations involving sexual violence. It discusses key concepts like bystanders, the bystander effect, and techniques for intervening safely using distraction, delegation, or direct confrontation. Examples are provided for each technique. The document also defines and provides scenarios involving sexual assault, dating violence, domestic violence, stalking, and obtaining consent. Throughout, it emphasizes intervening to ensure safety, believing survivors, encouraging reporting, and knowing support resources.
School Bullying: toward Better Mitigation and ResponseJason Atherton
Presentation on school bullying as part of the Strategies to Mitigate and Respond to Bullying seminar at Intertel Academy on November 11 2016. https://www.intertel.co.za
This document provides information about assertive communication. It defines assertiveness as honestly expressing opinions, feelings, and rights without infringing on others. The benefits of assertiveness include avoiding depression, resentment, frustration, anxiety, and poor relationships. Specific techniques for assertive communication are outlined, such as using "I" statements and making clear requests. Difficult situations like criticism can be handled through techniques like "broken record" and "fogging." Learning assertiveness improves self-respect and leads others to treat one with more respect.
The document provides information on assertiveness and conflict management techniques. It defines assertiveness as expressing personal rights and feelings. It discusses the importance of being assertive and the consequences of lacking assertiveness. Assertiveness training is presented as a way to increase assertive behaviors and decrease passive or aggressive behaviors. Assertiveness training involves developing non-verbal communication skills, recognizing personal rights, expressing feelings and needs, practicing responses, and learning to say no. The document also discusses what conflict is and provides several ways to manage conflict, such as staying calm, listening to other perspectives, brainstorming solutions, and seeking help from mediation services.
This document discusses restorative practices as an alternative to punitive approaches for responding to harm and conflict in educational settings. It notes that bullying is on the rise internationally and has negative impacts on student achievement. Restorative practices aim to heal relationships harmed by misconduct by addressing obligations and putting things right through problem-solving involving all stakeholders. The document contrasts punitive and restorative approaches, outlining questions to understand harm, needs, and obligations to restore relationships for wrongdoers and victims. It discusses conferencing processes and moving stakeholders from past to present to future perspectives.
This document provides an overview of narrative therapy techniques for addressing addiction issues. It discusses externalizing problems to give clients a different perspective, deconstructing dominant problem-saturated stories through questioning, and identifying alternative storylines and exceptions. The goal is to separate a client's identity from the problem and view it as external to encourage new narratives. Re-authoring involves linking life events differently according to alternative themes and hopes rather than the problem. Re-membering conversations invite clients to revise which people and experiences are important memberships in their life stories.
Material for PGPSE participants of AFTERSCHOOOL CENTRE FOR SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP. PGPSE is an entrepreneurship oriented programme, open for all, free for all.
Sexual Violence & Bystander InterventionKpereira38
This document discusses sexual violence, consent, bystander intervention, and relationship abuse. It provides information on types of sexual assault, consent, and action steps individuals can take to prevent violence or assist others. These include knowing how to safely intervene in risky situations using distraction, delegation, or direct confrontation techniques. Scenarios are also presented to illustrate how bystanders can apply these intervention strategies.
Sexual Violence and Bystander Intervention Kpereira38
This document discusses sexual violence, consent, bystander intervention, and relationship abuse. It defines key terms and provides action steps individuals can take to prevent sexual violence or intervene as a bystander. These include knowing the signs of an unhealthy relationship, believing survivors, encouraging reports of assault, and using techniques like distraction, delegation, or direct intervention to de-escalate risky situations safely. Scenarios illustrate how these techniques can help address issues like an intoxicated person being led away or stalking behaviors.
This document discusses different types of deceptive and abusive communication. It defines verbal abuse as any punitive, derogatory, controlling, or coercive speech or behavior, including body language, even if disguised as a joke. It then provides examples of different abusive communication techniques such as blaming others for one's emotions, threatening manipulation, demanding contact rather than requesting it, offering unwanted advice, sarcasm intended to hurt, antagonizing others without listening, changing subjects to avoid discussion, trivializing others' opinions, and denying past discussions occurred in order to cause the victim to doubt their own perceptions. The overall document aims to help identify and understand various abusive communication behaviors.
Assertiveness is a communication style that involves openly expressing one's thoughts, feelings, and needs while also respecting others. It is distinguished from aggression, which does not respect personal boundaries, and passivity, which involves not standing up for oneself. Becoming more assertive can improve relationships and reduce stress by helping people get their needs met while also respecting others. Learning assertiveness skills involves honestly evaluating one's own communication style, developing a cooperative mindset, and practicing expressing oneself clearly and respectfully.
This document discusses effective communication between founders and employees of a company called InnerSpace. It emphasizes the importance of authentic, vulnerable communication and giving constructive feedback in a way that minimizes defensiveness. Specifically, it recommends focusing feedback on specific, observable behaviors, describing the impact on your own feelings, and asking about the other person's intentions or perspective. Examples are provided of giving ineffective versus effective feedback. Additional tips include preparing for feedback conversations, acknowledging both parties' feelings, making actionable agreements, and fostering a feedback-rich company culture.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 13 on social psychology from a PowerPoint presentation. It discusses several key topics in social psychology including attribution theory, the fundamental attribution error, how attitudes can influence actions and vice versa, conformity and obedience, and social influence from groups. Specific concepts covered include attribution biases based on culture, the foot-in-the-door phenomenon, how role playing can shift attitudes, and cognitive dissonance theory. Forms of social influence like automatic mimicry and conformity to norms are also summarized.
1. Nonviolent Communication (NVC) is a model for social change that uses compassionate language to strengthen human connections, even during conflicts. It focuses on observing facts, identifying feelings and needs, and making requests, rather than judging others.
2. NVC aims to resolve conflicts by understanding each person's observations, feelings, and needs. It values meeting everyone's needs through compassion instead of blame or demands.
3. NVC involves objectively observing facts, identifying honest feelings and underlying universal needs, and making specific, doable requests. This transforms conflicts from fights or submissions into mutual understanding of human needs.
Similar to Friendship Circle's Teen Volunteer Training (20)
low birth weight presentation. Low birth weight (LBW) infant is defined as the one whose birth weight is less than 2500g irrespective of their gestational age. Premature birth and low birth weight(LBW) is still a serious problem in newborn. Causing high morbidity and mortality rate worldwide. The nursing care provide to low birth weight babies is crucial in promoting their overall health and development. Through careful assessment, diagnosis,, planning, and evaluation plays a vital role in ensuring these vulnerable infants receive the specialize care they need. In India every third of the infant weight less than 2500g.
Birth period, socioeconomical status, nutritional and intrauterine environment are the factors influencing low birth weight
Summer is a time for fun in the sun, but the heat and humidity can also wreak havoc on your skin. From itchy rashes to unwanted pigmentation, several skin conditions become more prevalent during these warmer months.
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapyDr. Sumit KUMAR
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.Gokuldas Hospital
Respiratory issues like asthma are the most sensitive issue that is affecting millions worldwide. It hampers the daily activities leaving the body tired and breathless.
The key to a good grip on asthma is proper knowledge and management strategies. Understanding the patient-specific symptoms and carving out an effective treatment likewise is the best way to keep asthma under control.
Are you looking for a long-lasting solution to your missing tooth?
Dental implants are the most common type of method for replacing the missing tooth. Unlike dentures or bridges, implants are surgically placed in the jawbone. In layman’s terms, a dental implant is similar to the natural root of the tooth. It offers a stable foundation for the artificial tooth giving it the look, feel, and function similar to the natural tooth.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdfrightmanforbloodline
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Kosmoderma Academy, a leading institution in the field of dermatology and aesthetics, offers comprehensive courses in cosmetology and trichology. Our specialized courses on PRP (Hair), DR+Growth Factor, GFC, and Qr678 are designed to equip practitioners with advanced skills and knowledge to excel in hair restoration and growth treatments.
Demystifying Fallopian Tube Blockage- Grading the Differences and Implication...
Friendship Circle's Teen Volunteer Training
1.
2.
3. Self-Determination
What does it mean?
“The ability to identify and achieve goals based on a
foundation of knowing and valuing oneself.”
4. There are many components to Self-Determination
We are going to focus on the following four
components for this training…
Communicating Assertively
Self-Management
Self-Awareness
Taking Responsibility
5. People communicate their needs
and wants in three different ways.
» Aggressive- likely to
encounter anger from others.
» Passive- needs and wants will
not be known.
» Assertive- Express their
needs and wants in a way
that is likely to be met with a
positive response from
others.
For Example:
Help students communicate
assertively by using “I” statements.
“I would like…” or “I need to…”
6. What does it mean?
The way in which we talk with
people affects how well they
are able to understand us and
react to us.
For Example:
Use visual choices to help
your buddy pick which room
they would like to visit that
day. Monitor their behavior
and try using this technique
for communication to help
them do what they want
before they become agitated.
7. What does it mean?
Knowing our
strengths,
weaknesses, needs
and preferences.
Help your buddy
We learn more
discover and become
about ourselves
aware of their likes and
through our
dislikes by presenting
experiences.
them with options.
For Example:
“Would you like to play
with play-dough or
make an art project?”
“Would you like to go
on the swings or in the
ball-pit?”
8. Self-Management
For Example:
You are going to
make a beaded
keychain in the art
room with your
buddy. Help them
make the first step.
Ask them, “What is What does it mean?
the first thing we Being able to
need to do to make control and manage
the keychain?” oneself in a manner
Then prompt them that will help them
throughout the get what they want.
process.
9. Taking Responsibility
What does it mean?
The more
For Example: responsibility one
When finishing an
art project
demonstrates, the
encourage your more control he/she
buddy to help you has in a situation.
clean-up the Help your buddy
materials and space keep track of their
that they used. “stuff”.
10. What does it mean?
“An act of repeated aggressive
behavior in order to intentionally
hurt another person, physically or
mentally.”
Types of Bullying:
Direct
Social
Cyber Bullying
11. Verbal or Physical Attacks
What is it?
Examples: It is the most obvious
form of bullying and
Hitting, grabbing,
includes physical
pushing, chasing with an
and/or verbal attacks.
intent to harm,
threatening to hurt
12. What is it?
Behaviors that harm others
through damage (or threat of
Examples: damage) to relationships or
feelings of acceptance.
Exclusion,
Rumors, Gossip,
Lies
13. What is it?
Use of information
and technology to
support deliberate,
repeated, and
hostile behavior by
an individual or
group.
Examples:
E-mail, Text Messages,
Facebook, Twitter
14. » Bullies
˃ Characteristics such as: Aggressive, Hostile, Domineering towards peers
and other behavior problems such as truancy or drug and alcohol abuse.
» Victims
˃ Characteristics such as: Passive, Insecure, Weak, Withdrawn, Sensitive and
Quiet.
» Bystanders
˃ A person who witnesses or hears about an act of bullying and does nothing
to stop the situation.
˃ 85% of children that are neither bullies nor victims.
15. Listen
Your buddy may be
comfortable enough
to tell you what
happens at school.
Watch
Is your buddy acting
differently that
he/she used to?
16. What to do:
Listen to what your buddy has
to say and ask questions to find
out what exactly happened.
Support his/her feelings by
acknowledging and validating
the way they feel.
Ask what he/she thinks would
be helpful to stop the bullying.
Tell your buddy’s parent or the
program director what your
buddy has told you.
Don’t ignore it.
17. What NOT to do:
˃ Don’t offer premature solutions
such as, “This is what you
should do next time.”
˃ Don’t blame your buddy or give
them the impression that
he/she is responsible for why it
happened.
˃ Ignore it.