Frantz Fanon was a Martinique-born psychiatrist and writer who wrote extensively on decolonization and postcolonialism. He is best known for his books Black Skin, White Masks, which analyzes the psychological impact of racism and colonialism, and The Wretched of the Earth, which advocates for violent revolution as a means for colonized peoples to regain independence and self-worth. Fanon's works have been highly influential in postcolonial theory and criticism. He wrote about the divided self-perception of colonized subjects and the need to reject colonial culture and embrace a new postcolonial identity.

1. ● Presented By:- Aditi Vala
● MA Sem:- 03
● Paper no. :- 203 : The Postcolonial Studies
● Topic :- Frantz Fanon : Postcolonial Writer
● Roll no. :- 01
● Submitted By:- S.B.Gardi Department of
English , MKBU

2. Frantz Fanon :
Postcolonial Writers

3. ❖ Frantz Fanon :
● Born :- 20 July 1925, Fort -de-France , Martinique,
French West Indies
● Died :- 6 December 1961 , Bethesda, Maryland ,
United States
● Main interests :- Decolonization and
Postcolonialism, revolution, psychopathology of
colonization, racism
● Notable ideas :- Double consciousness, colonial
alienation, To become black

4. ❖Frantz Fanon :
❏ Frantz Omar Fanon also known as Ibrahim Frantz Fanon
❏ Algerian political theorist.
❏ Psychiatrist, philosopher, revolutionary, and writer.
❏ His works are influential in the fields of post-colonial studies,
critical theory and Marxism.
❏ He volunteered for the French army during World War II. He
was a part of Algerian War of Independence In 1956
became an editor of its newspaper, El Moudjahid, published
in Tunis.
❏ In 1960 he was appointed ambassador to Ghana.

5. : His Works :
➢ Black Skin, White Masks (1952)
➢ The Wretched of the Earth (1961)
➢ A Dying Colonialism (1959)
➢ Toward the African Revolution (1964)

6. ❖ ‘ BLACK SKIN, WHITE MASKS ‘
★ ‘Black Skin, White Masks’ is published in 1952 .
★ The book is written in the style of
autoethnography
★ Black Skin, White Masks, an analysis of the
psychological effects of colonial subjugation on
people identified as black.
★ This book was originally his doctoral thesis
submitted at Lyon and entitled, ”The Desalination
of the Black Man”.
★ Fanon uses psychoanalysis and psychoanalytical
theory to explain the feelings of dependency and
inadequacy that Black people experience in a
White world.

7. ➢ Black Skin, White Masks (1952)
➢ The Wretched of the Earth (1961)
➢ A Dying Colonialism (1959)
➢ Toward the African Revolution (1964)
❖ Continue :
❏ Fanon’s works are directly influenced by the Negritude
movement, Fanon reformulated the theory of Cesaire and
Leopold Senghor by positing a new theory of consciousness.
❏ He speaks of the divided self-perception of the Black Subject
who has lost his native cultural originality and embraced the
culture of the mother country.
❏ As a result of the inferiority complex engendered in the mind
of the Black Subject, he will try to appropriate and imitate the
cultural code of the colonizer.
❏ The behaviour, Fanon argues, is even more evident in
upwardly mobile and educated Black people who can afford to
acquire the trappings of White culture.

8. “Man is human only to the extent to which he tries to impose
himself on another man in order to be recognized by him. As long
as he has not been effectively recognized by the other, it is this
other who remains the focus of his actions. His human worth and
reality depend on this other and on his recognition by the other. It
is in this other that the meaning of his life is condensed.”
- Frantz Fanon, Black Skin, White Masks

9. ❖ ‘ THE WRETCHED OF THE EARTH ‘
❏ ‘The Wretched of the Earth ‘ is published in 1961.
❏ The Wretched of the Earth is a brilliant analysis of
the psychology of the colonized and their path to
liberation.
❏ Fanon defines and explains colonialism and
decolonization from a political, philosophical,
historical, and socio-cultural perspective.
❏ Defines colonialism and its constructs, the
psychology of colonialism and its subtle effects on
the colonized, the use of language as a tool of
oppression, and—most important—the need for a
(violent) revolution against the colonial, ruling
class.

10. ❖ Continue :
❏ Colonization is a creation of two conflicting societies, one of the
colonizer and one of the colonized. This book concentrates on the
unlawful and unjust treatment given by the invaders, which are the
Europeans.
❏ Fanon advocated violence against the settlers as the way for
colonized people to regain their sense of self-respect.
❏ Even if anticolonial violence were the only way to regain a sense of
self-respect, however, such violence would not be automatically
justifiable.
“Everything can be explained to the
people, on the single condition that
you want them to understand.”
― Frantz Fanon, The Wretched of the
Earth

11. ❖ ‘TOWARD THE AFRICAN REVOLUTION’
❏ ‘Toward the African Revolution ‘ is a collection of
essays . It was published in 1964.
❏ This powerful collection of articles, essays, and
letters spans the period between Black Skin, White
Masks (1952) and The Wretched of the Earth
(1961), Fanon’s landmark manifestos on the
psychology of the colonized and the means of
empowerment necessary for their liberation.
❏ Many of them originally published in the Algerian
National Liberation Front underground
newspaper El Moudjahid.

12. ❖ ‘A DYING COLONIALISM ‘
❏ ‘A Dying Colonialism ‘is published in 1959.
❏ An incisive and illuminating account of how,
during the Algerian Revolution, the people of
Algeria changed centuries-old cultural patterns
and embraced certain ancient cultural practices
long derided by their colonialist oppressors as
primitive, in order to destroy those same
oppressors.
❏ Fanon uses the fifth year of the Algerian
Revolution as a point of departure for an
explication of the inevitable dynamics of colonial
oppression.

13. ❏ ‘A Dying Colonialism ‘is published in 1959.
❏ An incisive and illuminating account of how, during the
Algerian Revolution, the people of Algeria changed centuries-
old cultural patterns and embraced certain ancient cultural
practices long derided by their colonialist oppressors as
primitive, in order to destroy those same oppressors.
❏ Fanon uses the fifth year of the Algerian Revolution as a point
of departure for an explication of the inevitable dynamics of
colonial oppression.
❖ Reference :
● Burke, Edmund. “Frantz Fanon’s ‘The Wretched of the Earth.’” Daedalus, vol. 105, no.
1, The MIT Press, 1976, pp. 127–35, http://www.jstor.org/stable/20024388.
● Fanon, Frantz. Black Skin, White Masks. New York: Grove Press, 1994.
● Fanon, Frantz, Haakon Chevalier, and Adolfo Gilly. A Dying Colonialism. New
York: Grove Press, 1967.
● Fanon, Frantz. The Wretched of the Earth. New York: Grove Press, 1963.
● Peterson, Charles. "Frantz Fanon". Encyclopedia Britannica, 16 Jul. 2021,
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Frantz-Fanon. Accessed 16 October 2021.
● Silverman, Max, editor. Frantz Fanon’s “Black Skin, White Masks”: New
Interdisciplinary Eassys. 1st ed., Manchester University Press, 2005,
https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1vwmfcj.