Fanon focuses on the necessary role of violence in decolonization struggles in The Wretched of the Earth. He argues that colonial society is compartmentalized into the colonizer and colonized. Decolonization through negotiation only changes formalities, not power structures. True decolonization requires destroying everything colonial through a violent popular insurrection that will lead to a new national culture no longer defined by Europe.

1. Name : Asari Bhavyang .M
Roll no :-3
Enrollment No:-3069206420200002
Course:-M.A (English)Sem2
Subject:-Postcolonial-Studies
Topic:- What aspect of colonialism does Fanon focus on
The Wretched of the Earth.
Teacher Name :- Dilip Barad sir
Batch :- 2021-2023
Email :- asaribhavyang7874@gmail.com
Department:- Department of English

2. Frantz Fanon :- (20 July 1925- 6 December
1961)
● Ibrahim Frantz Fanon, was a French West Indian political
philosopher from the French colony .
● His works have become influential in the fields of post-colonial
studies, critical theory and Marxism.
● Fanon published numerous books, including The Wretched of the
Earth (1961).
● This influential work focuses on what he
believed is the necessary role of violence by
activists in conducting decolonization
struggles.

3. Critical Response to Frantz Fanon’s 'The Wretched of the
Earth' - Musawenkosi Cabe
● Frantz Fanon’s The Wretched of the Earth is a classical text on the
conditions of the colonial reality. It is one of Fanon’s widely
considered books; hence it has “achieved an almost biblical
status”.
● The text provides a critical analysis of an overwhelming number
of issues drawing from racial formation identity,
colonialism/decolonization, narratives of the liberation struggle,
language, nationalism and violence and the various ways in which
it shapes and it alters the relationship between colonizer and the
colonized.

4. ● Fanon argues that the colonized world is a world
divided into compartments, divided into two, to
cater for two different species.
● One could argue that this special divide, which
seeks to establish boundaries and pursuit
discrimination of the space, ensured that locations
and boundaries were set up in which the colonized
was localized and positioned, and essentially made
to perform the role of a foreigner, in his or her own
country.

5. ● Fanon’s postcolonial nightmare has
become our reality in South Africa.
Fanon suggests a radical
decentralization of power that will
compel the reordering of the colonial
space.

6. What aspect of colonialism does Fanon focus on The
Wretched of the Earth
● The Wretched of the Earth is Frantz Fanon's manifesto on
decolonization. Fanon exposes the problems of certain paths to
decolonization taken by countries in Latin America.
● In the first section of the book, Fanon argues that the solution to
these recurrent problems of decolonization can only be realized
through a violent uprising of the masses.
● Fanon arrives at this conclusion by defining colonial society as a
compartmentalized, society-a world divided in two. The good is
pitted against the bad; the white against the dark; the rich against
the poor; the indigenous against the foreigner; the ruling class
against the others; evil "niggers" and "towel-heads" against
humane whites.

7. ● colonialism is only made possible through extreme violence
and intimidation, Fanon reasons that violence is the only
language that a colonialist society understands: "colonialism is
not a machine capable of thinking, a body endowed with
reason. It is naked violence and only gives in when confronted
with greater violence"
● Fanon makes the observation that the only elements of
colonization that change as a result of the negotiating table are
formalities. For example,
Gabon gained a black, national president who is now
received as the guest of the president of French Republic.

8. ● They wish to gain access to the wealth and social status that had
previously been commandeered by the colonists. They wish to
drain the peasant masses and natural resources for their selfish
benefit just as the colonizers did.
● The national, defined by its European-based education and culture,
is credited with founding the political parties, which give rise to the
country's future leaders and those that negotiate the terms of
decolonization with the colonist country.
● Decolonization is simply a cloaked form of the former colonialism.
Prior to decolonization, the "mother country" realizes the
inevitability of "freedom," and thus drains most of the "capital and
technicians and encircling the young nation with an apparatus of
economic pressure"

9. ● It is only through a violent insurrection aimed at destroying
everything touched by colonialism that a new species of man
will be created.
● The religious and tribal divisions created and exacerbated by
the colonists will deteriorate as the urgency of unity is realized
by the masses.
● It is through this struggle that a new national culture will be
defined-not a culture defined by European norms; nor a culture
that harkens back to indigenous traditions of pre-colonial
times-for this culture is forever lost, reactionary, and has been
ruined and degraded in the psyche of the colonized through the
phenomena of colonial racism and exceptionalism. The
colonized must move forward’.

10. Conclusion :-
● Fanon's work is well received and highly recommended to those
who wish to gain a better understanding of the neo-colonial nature
of contemporary politics in the post-colonial era. He reveals that it
is only through viewing history from the perspective of the
colonized that their current plights can be understood.
● It is hard, even for a citizen of the United States, to argue with his
revolutionary approach based on violence, education and
opportunity.
● colonialism, has deep connections to the national and is relatively
well off. this cohort of starving men, divorced from tribe and clan,
which constitutes one of the most spontaneously and radically
revolutionary forces of a colonized people"

11. ‘We must leave our dreams and abandon our old beliefs and
friendships from the time before life began. Let us waste no time
in sterile litanies and nauseating mimicry. Leave this Europe
where they are never done talking of Man, yet murder men
everywhere they find them, at the corner of every one of their
own streets, in all the corners of the globe. For centuries they
have stifled almost the whole of humanity in the name of a so-
called spiritual experience. Look at them today swaying between
atomic and spiritual disintegration.’
(Fanon, Frantz. Abahlali.Org, 2021, https://abahlali.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/Frantz-Fanon-The-Wretched-of-the-Earth-1965.pdf.)

12. Reference :-
1. Cabe, Musawenkosi. "Critical Response To Frantz Fanon’S 'The Wretched
Of The Earth'". Readingfanon.Blogspot.Com, 2021,
https://readingfanon.blogspot.com/2014/05/critical-response-to-frantz-
fanons.html.
1. Fanon, Ibrahim Frantz. Abahlali.Org, 2021, https://abahlali.org/wp-
content/uploads/2011/04/Frantz-Fanon-The-Wretched-of-the-Earth-
1965.pdf.
1. McCollum, Justin G. Digitalcommons.Calpoly.Edu, 2021,
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsre
dir=1&article=1014&context=forum.