Very very good ppt

1. SUSTAINABLE BATTERIES
to Foster the Energy Transition
Francesca De Giorgio
Automotive Revamping
Bologna, 26 ottobre 2022

2. “In Europe, within this decade,
where it is technologically and economically viable,
everything that can be electrified will be electrified”
Strategic Research Agenda for batteries 2020

3. Expected growth in global battery demand
Inventing the sustainable batteries of the future. Research Needs and Future Actions, BATTERY 2030+ Roadmap.
On the Implementation of the Strategic Action Plan on Batteries: Building a Strategic Battery Value Chain in Europe, Brussels, 9.4.2019 COM(2019) 176 final
GLOBAL MARKET FORECASTS PROJECT
DEMAND FOR LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES (LIBs)
Today: 78 GWh
By 2023: 660 GWh
by 2030: 2.6 TWh
by 2040: up to 4 TWh
EUROPE FORECAST
by 2023: 207 GWh
by 2028: 400 GWh will be the European demand for
EVs, creating at least 3-4 million jobs
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4. Geographical distribution of the global EV battery supply chain
Global Electric Vehicle Outlook 2022
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5. Production of many energy transition minerals
IEA 2022: The Role of Critical Minerals in Clean Energy Transitions
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6. BloombergNEF
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7. Development of reporting methodologies, 2021. #Batteries Europe
LIB cell chemistries and future beyond
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8. General roadmap for the battery R&D efforts and challenges for EVs
 Energy density > 250 Wh/kg
 Fast charge
 Battery price at pack level < 100 $/kWh
 Increase safety
 Decrease carbon footprint
 Increased cycle life
(> 2000 cycles and 10 years)
Marinaro et al., J. Power Sources 459 (2020) 228073
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9. What is needed for Europe to be competitive?
DEVELOPMENT OF GREEN AND NEW
BATTERY TECHNOLOGIES
S. Dühnen et al., Small Methods 4 (2020) 200039
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10. SECOND-LIFE & RECYCLING
by 2030: 140 million Evs are predicted to be on
the road worldwide and 11 million metric tons
of end-of-life LIBs are expected to be generated
cumulatively
by 2040: the annual waste flows of EV batteries
will reach as high as 340,000 metric tons
CIC EnergiGUNE
Y. Bai, N. Muralidharan, Y.-K. Sun, S. Passerini, M. S. Whittingham, I. Belharouak, Mater. Today 41 (2020) 304
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What is needed for Europe to be competitive?

11. Research needs to ensure competitiveness
of new and emerging battery technologies
S. Dühnen et al., Small Methods 4 (2020) 200039
ROADMAP ON NEW AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES Prepared by Working Group 1 #BatteriesEurope
Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and the Council concerning batteries and waste batteries, repealing Directive 2006/66/EC and amending Regulation (EU) No 2019/1020
New EU regulatory framework for batteries - Setting sustainability requirements (2022)
 Environmentally-friendliness
 Low cost, easy access and sustainable
extraction of raw materials
 Sustainability and recyclability of entire system
 Low-cost of the final battery technology
 Low toxicity
 High safety
 Excellent performance metrics
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12. D. Bresser et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 11 (2018) 3096
Water-based electrode processing
Replacing the
PVdF with
water-based
binders leads to
a cost saving of
80%
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13. Y. Bai, N. Muralidharan, Y.-K. Sun, S. Passerini, M. S. Whittingham, I. Belharouak, Mater. Today 41 (2020) 304
New EU regulatory framework for batteries Setting sustainability requirements. PE 689.337 – March 2022
Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and the Council concerning batteries and waste batteries, repealing Directive 2006/66/EC and amending Regulation (EU) No 2019/1020
Battery Identity Global Battery Passport (BIGP)
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14. Alternatives to Li-ion batteries closer to the market
 Lack of flammable organic components
 Increase in volumetric energy density of up to
70% compared to LIBs with conventional anode
materials
Mageto et al., J. Energy Storage 55 (2022) 105688
K. Kubota et al., J. Electrochem. Soc. 162 (2015) A2538-A2550
Global Electric Vehicle Outlook 2022
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Solid-state batteries
(not before 2028)
Sodium-ion batteries
(commercially introduced in 2021 by CATL)
 Wide availability of Na and low cost
 Battery components and electric storage mechanisms
are basically the same as LIBs except ion carriers

15. Important Project of Common European Interest (IPCEI)
on Batteries
OBJECTIVE:
Develop a competitive edge of EU BATTERY INNOVATION
and lay the groundwork for a successful localization of the
complete battery value chain within the EU
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IPCEI 1 and IPCEI 2 on Batteries
• Total funding capacity of around 6 B
€
• Companies and Research centres from more than 10
EU Member States

16. IPCEI on Battery - 2019
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Value creation focus
Commodities & materials
Battery cells
Battery systems
Recycling
The EU Commission approved
3.2 B€
17 Companies
Courtesy of Manz

17. IPCEI EuBatIn - 2021
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Value creation focus
Commodities & materials
Battery cells
Battery systems
Recycling
The EU Commission approved
2.9 B€
42 Companies
Courtesy of Manz

18. Take-home message
KEY ENABLING FACTORS TO DEVELOP
A SUSTAINBALE BATTERY VALUE CHEAIN IN EUROPE
 RESEARCH ORIENTED TO REDUCE THE ENTRY BARRIERS OF NEW BATTERY TECHNOLOGY
 REDUCE THE DEPENDENCY ON CRITICAL RAW MATERIALS
 INVEST IN EDUCATION TO PROVIDE NEW AND UPSKILLED PROFESSIONALS
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19. THANK YOU ALL FOR
THE KIND ATTENTION
Francesca De Giorgio, PhD
francesca.degiorgio@cnr.it